Long-term protective effect of surface sealants against erosive wear by intrinsic and extrinsic acids

Surface sealants are reported to ensure surface smoothness and improve the surface quality of composite restorations. These sealants should also reduce the bacterial adhesion on composite surfaces however, there is not much information regarding their performance on bulk-fill composite materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface sealant application on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of various restorative materials. Disc-shaped samples were prepared from a compomer, a conventional composite and three bulk-fill composites. Specimens of each group were divided into two groups (n = 9): with/without surface sealant (Biscover LV, [BLV]). Surface roughness values were examined by profilometry and two samples of each group were examined for bacterial adhesion on a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Bacterial counts were calculated by both broth cultivation and microscopic images. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn tests. Following the BLV application, there was a decrease in the surface roughness values of all groups however, only Tetric N-Ceram Bulk and Beautifil-Bulk groups showed significantly smoother surfaces (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences among material groups without BLV application. Evaluating bacterial adhesion after BLV application, conventional composite had the lowest values among all followed by the compomer group. Beautifil-Bulk had significantly the highest bacterial adhesion (p < 0.05), followed by Tetric N-Ceram Bulk group. Without BLV application, there was no significant difference among bacterial adhesion values of groups (p > 0.05). CLSM images showed cell viability in groups. Bulk-fill composites showed higher bacterial adhesion than conventional composite and compomer materials. The surface sealant was found to be highly effective in lowering bacterial adhesion, but not so superior in smoothing the surfaces of restorative materials. So, surface sealants could be used on the restorations of patients with high caries risk.

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Inhibition of Ras/ERK1/2 pathway contributes to the protective effect of Ginsenoside Re against intimal hyperplasia

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00015b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chenying Gao ◽

Kaina Zhang ◽

Fanfan Liang ◽

Wenzhuo Ma ◽

Xixi Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Endovascular Treatment ◽

Carotid Stenosis ◽

Vascular Injury ◽

Intimal Hyperplasia ◽

Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽

Ginsenoside Re ◽

Term Efficacy

Neointimal hyperplasia is the major cause of carotid stenosis after vascular injury, which restricts the long-term efficacy of endovascular treatment and endarterectomy in preventing stenosis. Ginsenoside Re (Re) is a...

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Improving the establishment submodel of a forest patch model to assess the long-term protective effect of mountain forests

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-006-0142-6 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 131-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Wehrli ◽

P. J. Weisberg ◽

W. Schönenberger ◽

P. Brang ◽

H. Bugmann

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Mountain Forests ◽

Forest Patch ◽

Patch Model ◽

Forest Patch Model

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Lung-Liver Transplantation Has a Protective Effect on Long-Term Survival in Cystic Fibrosis and Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation ◽

10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. S317-S318

Author(s):

A. Dani ◽

F. Zafar ◽

K. Thangappan ◽

G. Tiao ◽

A. Miethke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Long-term protective effect of high-risk human papillomavirus testing in population-based cervical screening

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/sj.bjc.6602541 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 92 (9) ◽

pp. 1800-1802 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

N W J Bulkmans ◽

L Rozendaal ◽

F J Voorhorst ◽

P J F Snijders ◽

C J L M Meijer

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Population Based ◽

Human Papillomavirus Testing

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Long-Term Effect of Non-Selective Beta-Blockers in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After Myocardial Infarction—A Nationwide Cohort Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.726044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng-Fu Liu ◽

Chih-Kuo Lee ◽

Kuan-Chih Huang ◽

Lian-Yu Lin ◽

Mu-Yang Hsieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Term Survival ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Impact

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent nontraditional risk factor for incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and post-MI outcome is impaired in the RA population. Use of beta-blockers improves the long-term survival after MI in the general population while the protective effect of beta-blockers in RA patients is not clear. We investigate the impact of beta-blockers on the long-term outcome of MI among RA patients.Methods: We identified RA subjects from the registries for catastrophic illness and myocardial infarction from 2003 to 2013. The enrolled subjects were divided into three groups according to the prescription of beta-blockers (non-user, non-selective, and β1-selective beta-blockers). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. We adjusted clinical variables and utilized propensity scores to balance confounding bias. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the incidence of mortality in different groups.Results: A total of 1,292 RA patients with myocardial infarction were enrolled, where 424 (32.8%), 281 (21.7%), and 587 (45.5%) subjects used non-user, non-selective, and β1-selective beta-blockers, respectively. Use of beta-blockers was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment with comorbidities, medications (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.871; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.727–0.978), and propensity score (HR 0.882; 95% CI 0.724–0.982). Compared with β1-selective beta-blockers, treatment with non-selective beta-blockers (HR 0.856; 95% CI 0.702–0.984) was significantly related to lower risk of mortality. The protective effect of non-selective beta-blockers remained in different subgroups including sex and different anti-inflammatory drugs.Conclusion: Use of beta-blockers improved prognosis in post-MI patients with RA. Treatment with non-selective beta-blockers was significantly associated with reduced risk of mortality in RA patients after MI rather than β1-selective beta-blockers.

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Climate change impacts the protective effect of forests: A case study in Switzerland

10.21203/rs.3.rs-346221/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christine Moos ◽

Antoine Guisan ◽

Christophe F. Randin ◽

Heike Lischke

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Swiss Alps ◽

Present Species ◽

Future Research ◽

Change Scenario ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Ground Truth Data

Abstract In steep terrain, forests play an important role as natural means of protection against natural hazards, such as rockfall. Due to climate warming, significant changes in the protection service of these forests have to be expected in future. Shifts of current to more drought adapted species may result in temporary or even irreversible losses in the risk reduction provided by these forests. In this study, we assessed how the protective effect against rockfall of a protection forest in the western part of the Valais in the Swiss Alps may change in future, by combining dynamic forest modelling with a quantitative risk analysis. Current and future forest development was modelled with the spatially explicit forest model TreeMig for a moderate (RCP4.5) and an extreme (RCP8.5) climate change scenario. The simulated forest scenarios were compared to ground-truth data from the current forest complex. We quantified the protective effect of the different forest scenarios based on the reduction of rockfall risk for people and infrastructure at the bottom of the slope. Rockfall risk was calculated on the basis of three-dimensional rockfall simulations. The forest simulations predicted a clear decrease in basal area of most of the currently present species in future. The forest turned into a Q. pubescens dominated forest, for both climate scenarios, and mixed with P. sylvestris in RCP4.5. F. sylvatica completely disappeared in RCP8.5. With climate warming, a clear increase in risk is expected for both climate change scenarios. In the long-term (> 100 years), a stabilization of risk, or even a slight decline may be expected due to an increase in biomass of the trees. The results of this study further indicate that regular forest interventions may promote regeneration and thus accelerate the shift in species distribution. Future research should address the long-term effect of different forest management strategies on the protection service of forests under climate change.

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