Correlation analysis of the natural radionuclides in soil and indoor radon in Vojvodina, Province of Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Forkapic ◽  
D. Maletić ◽  
J. Vasin ◽  
K. Bikit ◽  
D. Mrdja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Vojvodina Province

A preliminary survey of natural radionuclides in soil and indoor radon in the town of Niš, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Manić ◽  
Goran Manić ◽  
Miloš Stojanović ◽  
Branko Radojković ◽  
Dragana Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
The Town

NATURAL RADIATION EXPOSURE TO THE PUBLIC IN MINING AND ORE BEARING REGIONS OF CAMEROON

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïdou ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Ndjana Nkoulou II Joseph Emmanuel ◽  
Naofumi Akata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Natural Radiation ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Thoron Progeny

Abstract Within the framework of a joint research project on natural radiation exposure and its health effects in Cameroon from 2014 to 2017, the Institute of Geological and Mining Research and the Hirosaki University worked together to carry out natural radiation survey in mining and ore bearing regions of Cameroon. Air kerma rates were measured using car-borne survey method. In-situ gamma spectrometry was used to determine activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil. A total of 450 RADUET detectors and 350 thoron progeny monitors were deployed in dwellings of the study areas for 2–3 months, collected and analysed. Although natural radioactivity level seems to be normal in most of the surveyed areas, there are many points where activity concentrations of natural radionuclides are largely above the world average values. Indoor radon, thoron and thoron progeny results show the importance to put in place the national radon plan in Cameroon. It was also pointed out that thoron cannot be neglected when assessing inhalation dose.

scholarly journals A comparison of the dose from natural radionuclides and artificial radionuclides after the Fukushima nuclear accident

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
Shinji Tokonami ◽  
Yasutaka Omori ◽  
Tetsuo Ishikawa ◽  
Kazuki Iwaoka
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Average Effective Dose

Abstract Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, the evacuees from Namie Town still cannot reside in the town, and some continue to live in temporary housing units. In this study, the radon activity concentrations were measured at temporary housing facilities, apartments and detached houses in Fukushima Prefecture in order to estimate the annual internal exposure dose of residents. A passive radon–thoron monitor (using a CR-39) and a pulse-type ionization chamber were used to evaluate the radon activity concentration. The average radon activity concentrations at temporary housing units, including a medical clinic, apartments and detached houses, were 5, 7 and 9 Bq m −3 , respectively. Assuming the residents lived in these facilities for one year, the average annual effective doses due to indoor radon in each housing type were evaluated as 0.18, 0.22 and 0.29 mSv, respectively. The average effective doses to all residents in Fukushima Prefecture due to natural and artificial sources were estimated using the results of the indoor radon measurements and published data. The average effective dose due to natural sources for the evacuees from Namie Town was estimated to be 1.9 mSv. In comparison, for the first year after the FDNPP accident, the average effective dose for the evacuees due to artificial sources from the accident was 5.0 mSv. Although residents' internal and external exposures due to natural radionuclides cannot be avoided, it might be possible to lower external exposure due to the artificial radionuclides by changing some behaviors of residents.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Sinanović ◽  
Feriz Adrović ◽  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Amela Kasić
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Indoor Exposure ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Materials Used

Man is continuously exposed to ionizing radiation because of the presence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the environment. Various technological processes of processing and using of materials that contain natural radionuclides generate materials of enhanced natural radioactivity (TENORM). The largest contribution to irradiance with natural sources of ionizing radiation is the exposure of the population to indoor radon. This gas originates from the radioactive decay of 226Ra and 224Ra that are present in the soil under houses and building materials. Depending on the type of building materials, indoor exposure to radon at dwellings and workplaces can be over a thousand times greater than in outdoor space. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, no valid and comprehensive radiological studies on the building materials have been performed that would guarantee for their dosimetric safety use for installation in residential and industrial buildings, highways, as well as their application for other purposes. The quantification of the radon levels that comes from building materials is a necessary and very important part of the global protection of the population from ionizing radiation. This paper presents the first results of a study on the radon activity concentrations in building materials used in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Measurements were performedwith a professional Alpha GUARD system. The mean values of the activity concentration of the exhaled radon of investigated building materials varied from 10 Bqm-3 to 101 Bqm-3, radon exhalation rate values ranged from 77.0 mBqm-2h-1 to 777.7 mBqm-2h-1. Gamma dose rate was in the range 57–112 nSv h−1.

scholarly journals Radon, gamma-ray exposure and natural radionuclides

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-287
Author(s):  
P. Wanabongse ◽  
W. Thorarit ◽  
N. Yimchalam ◽  
S. Bovornkitti
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gamma Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Exposure Levels

Abstract Measurements were conducted to determine residential radon exposure levels in provinces with high lung cancer incidence in three different regions of Thailand. The measurements revealed that the average indoor radon levels were 20.0, 24.4, and 13.1 Bq m−3, and that the average gamma dose rates were 145, 164, and 54 nSv h−1 in Chiangmai, Songkhla and Khonkaen provinces, respectively. The spectroscopic analysis of soil samples collected from the three provinces showed that the highest contents of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 were present in Songkhla, with values of 93.7, 71.9, and 786.9 Bq kg−1, respectively, and the lowest contents were present in Khonkaen, with values of 15.6, 19.0, and 46.8 Bq kg−1, respectively. The results of our analysis of the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides helped explain the lower levels of radon gas and gamma-ray exposure in Khonkaen.

scholarly journals IONIZING RADIATION IN BUILDINGS: SITUATION AND DEALING WITH PROBLEMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Gendrutis Morkūnas ◽  
Laima Pilkyte
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Survey Results

Among many artificial and natural sources of exposure the exposure which is received indoors is very important both from the point of view of its magnitude and necessity of optimization. Such sources as indoor radon and natural radionuclides in construction materials are the most significant ones. The survey results of national indoor radon show that its concentrations might be rather high in some regions. Construction materials can be a significant source of indoor radon, however, in Lithuania external exposure due to radionuclides in these materials is much more important. Very often natural exposure is neglected from the point of view of radiation protection. Such measures as raising of public awareness, application of radiation protection and construction‐related regulations, remedial measures for radon indoors should be taken in solving the problem. Necessity of optimization of protection from radiation indoors is emphasized.

scholarly journals Environmental radon, its exhalation rates and activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40kK in Northern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Rupinderjeet Kaur ◽  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Supreet Singh ◽  
Vimal Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Harmful Radiation

Human beings are constantly exposed to radioactivity in the environment. As they are major sources of harmful radiation, radionuclides found in the atmosphere might result in a substantial potential risk to living beings. On the Earth's surface, the radioactive elements uranium and radium are naturally present, contributing to radon and thoron gases in the indoor as well as outdoor climate, soil and water. Radon is one of the most important toxins that, after cigarette smoking, is the second most common cause of generating lung cancer. Due to these health-related concerns, a lot of work has been undertaken by numerous research organizations to determine their levels at different locations throughout the world. This paper is an attempt to comprehensively report with different techniques all those studies being carried out in this part of India so that a current assessment of the indoor radon levels should be available for further work in this field. Six northern Indian states, viz. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand are considered for this examination. This study also provides data on exhalation rates and activity concentration of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) present in these states.

scholarly journals RADON IN THE WATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vulinović ◽  
Srđan Vuković ◽  
Svetlana Pelemiš ◽  
Danijela Rajić
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Detector

Man and his environment are constantly exposed to the effects of ionizing radiation. Most of this radiation comes from natural and artificial radionuclides and the biggest radioecological problem is the 222Rn radioactive gas. Natural radioactivity comes from unstable radioisotopes that were present during the formation of the Earth, and are present today. According to the research by UNSCEAR(United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) it is estimated that the radiation dose, which comes from natural radionuclides and to which man is exposed, is 2.4 mSv per year. Natural sources of radioactivity are cosmic radiation and Earth’s crust that contains primordial radioactive elements including those that are sources of radon (uranium). Radon is a natural inert radioactive gas without smell and taste. It is soluble in water and can easily diffuse with the gaseous and aqueous phase and in this way forms significant concentrations. The techniques and methods most commonly used to detect and determine the activities of radon in water are alpha spectrometry, gamma spectrometry and measurement techniques on a liquid scintillation detector. Throughout epidemiological studies, the World Health Organization has provided convincing evidence of the correlation of exposure to indoor radon and the development of lung cancer. Radon and its decomposition products are considered to be the second cause of lung cancer after consuming tobacco.

scholarly journals High annual radon concentration in dwellings and natural radioactivity content in nearby soil in some rural areas of Kosovo and Metohija

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Gulan ◽  
Francesco Bochicchio ◽  
Carmela Carpentieri ◽  
Gordana Milic ◽  
Jelena Stajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Passive Devices

Some previous studies on radon concentration in dwellings of some areas of Kosovo and Metohija have revealed a high average radon concentration, even though the detectors were exposed for three months only. In order to better design a larger study in this region, the annual measurements in 25 houses were carried out as a pilot study. For each house, CR-39-based passive devices were exposed in two rooms for the two consecutive six-month periods to account for seasonal variations of radon concentration. Furthermore, in order to correlate the indoor radon with radium in nearby soil and to improve the knowledge of the natural radioactivity in the region, soil samples near each house were collected and 226Ra, 232Th, 40K activity concentration were measured. The indoor radon concentration resulted quite high from the average (163 Bq/m3) and generally it did not differ considerably between the two rooms and the two six-month periods. The natural radionuclides in soil resulted to be distributed quite uniformly. Moreover, the correlation between the226Ra content in soil and radon concentration in dwellings resulted to be low (R2=0.26). The annual effective dose from radon and its short-lived progeny (5.5 mSv, in average) was calculated by using the last ICRP dose conversion factors. In comparison, the contribution to the annual effective dose of outdoor gamma exposure from natural radionuclides in soil is nearly negligible (66 mSv). In conclusion, the observed high radon levels are only partially correlated with radium in soil; moreover, a good estimate of the annual average of radon concentration can be obtained from a six-month measurement with a proper choice of exposure period, which could be useful when designing large surveys.

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

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