In vivo antimalarial activity of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus sakei isolated from traditionally fermented milk in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

Download Full-text

Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Noni Leaves (Morinda citrifolia) towards Parasitemia, Splenomegaly, and Hepatomegaly in Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice

Biomolecular and Health Science Journal ◽

10.20473/bhsj.v4i1.26913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Putri Rahayu ◽

Yetti Hernaningsih ◽

Heny Arwati

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Tropical Countries ◽

In Vivo Experiments

Introduction: Malaria is one of the infectious diseases found in tropical countries and sub-tropical countries. In 2016 there were an estimated 445,000 people died to malaria. Alternative medicine is needed, such as natural based ingredient. Morinda citrifolia or noni plant is a medicinal plant found in all parts of Indonesia which has many benefits, such as antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The aims of this study were to determine the antimalarial activity of ethanol extract of noni leaves and its effect on splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Methods: Extract of noni leaves was prepared by maceration using ethanol solvent. In vivo experiments were conducted using Plasmodium berghei infected BALB/c mice treated with the doses of 100, 10, 1 mg/kg body weight(BW) orally of ethanolic extract of noni leaves. Then, the percentage of parasitemia was calculated from day 1 to day 4 after treatment and at the end of the test, mice were sacrificed then spleen and liver were collected. Results: The highest parasite growth was found in the group treated with noni leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 1 mg/kg WB and vice versa. Probit analysis resulted in ED50 was 0.882 mg/kg WB. Spearmen test showed there was no correlation between doses and the size of splenomegaly with p=0,2 and between doses and the size of hepatomegaly with p=0,6.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of noni leaves possessed antimalaria activity and there was no correlation between doses of extract and t he splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.

Download Full-text

Antimalarial Activity of Nigella sativa L. Seed Extracts and Selection of Resistance in Plasmodium berghei ANKA in a Mouse Model

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2021/6165950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Rahma Udu ◽

Job Oyweri ◽

Jeremiah Gathirwa

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Background. Chemotherapy plays a crucial role in malaria control. However, the main obstacle to treatment has been the rise of parasite resistance to most antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the most effective antimalarial medicines available today. However, malaria parasite tolerance to ACTs is now increasingly prevalent especially in Southeast Asia presenting the danger of the spread of ACTs resistance to other parts of the world. Consequently, this creates the need for alternative effective antimalarials. Therefore, this study sought out to determine antimalarial potential, safety, and resistance development of the extracts in a mouse model. Method. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts were obtained by solvent extraction. The extracts were assayed for acute toxicity in vivo. Additionally, the two extracts were evaluated for antimalarial activity in vivo against Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain by the 4-day suppressive test at 500, 250, and 125 mg/kg/day. Packed cell volume was evaluated to determine anemia manifestation. Finally, continuous drug pressure experiment at 500 mg/kg and DNA amplification via PCR were conducted. The amplicons underwent through Sanger sequencing. Results. There was no toxicity realized in the animals at 2000 mg/kg. Importantly, high parasitemia suppression of 75.52% and 75.30% using a dose of 500 mg/kg of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively, was noted. The extracts were able to reverse packed cell volume reduction. Nigella sativa-resistant phenotype was selected as delayed parasite clearance. However, there was no change in the nucleotide sequences of PbMDR1 and PbCRT genes. Conclusion. The results provide room for future exploitation of the plant as an antimalarial.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and antimalarial activity of (S)-methyl-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetamidoalquilate derivatives

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/1747519819890559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3-4) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Custodiana Colmenarez ◽

María Acosta ◽

Miguel Rodríguez ◽

Jaime Charris

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Active Structures ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Amino Acid Methyl Esters

The synthesis of five new ( S)-methyl-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetamidoalquilate derivatives is carried out under a modified version of the Steglich esterification reaction between different l-amino acid methyl esters and 2-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylthio)acetic acid. Two of the compounds showed significant inhibition (>50%) of β-hematin formation. The two active structures were tested in vivo as potential antimalarials in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, a chloroquine susceptible strain. Compounds 6b and 6e exhibited antimalarial activity comparable to that of chloroquine.

Download Full-text

In vivo anti-malarial activity of propranolol against experimental Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology ◽

10.4314/ajcem.v21i4.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 333-339

Author(s):

O.I. Adeyemi ◽

O.O. Ige ◽

M.A. Akanmu ◽

O.E. Ukponmwan

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Trough Level ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Infected Group ◽

Saline Control ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Troubles Cognitifs ◽

Solution Saline

Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium spp, which is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate in vivo antimalarial activity of propranolol against experimental Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in a mouse model.Methods: A total of 36 mice weighing between 15 to 18g were randomly divided into six groups of six mice each. Mice in the first group (SAL) were non-infected with P. berghei but received normal saline (control), second group (PbA) were mice infected without treatment (control), third group (PRL) were non-infected mice treated with propranolol at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg/bid, fourth group (PbA+PRL) were mice infected and treated with same dose of propranolol, fifth group (QUN) were non-infected mice treated with quinine at a dose of 20 mg/kg stat, then 10 mg/kg bid, and sixth group (PbA+QUN) were infected mice treated with quinine. Parasitaemia, physiological conditions (cognitive function, temperature) and lethality of infected mice were monitored over 7-day period to assess the antimalarial activity of propranolol and quinine. The Y-maze paradigm was used to assess cognitive impairment induced by PbA infection. The effects of propranolol on malaria indices and cognitive impairment were compared with that of quinine and the control using T-test statistical method.Results: Mortality of mice at day 7 in the infected group without treatment (PbA) was 100% (6/6) while mortality was 50% (3/6) in infected group treated with propranolol (PbA+PRL) and 33.3% (2/6) in infected group treated with quinine (PbA+QUN) (OR=2.000, p=1.000). No mortality was recorded in any of the three groups of uninfected mice. Propranolol reduced parasitaemia to a trough level of 1.40±0.07 three days after treatment, comparable to trough level of 1.39±0.0633 by quinine but did not reverse PbA-induced hypothermia, which quinine did.Conclusion: Propranolol demonstrated in vivo antimalarial activity against experimental PbA infection in mice comparable to that of quinine. Keywords: malaria, propranolol, quinine, Plasmodium, cerebral malaria French Title: Activité antipaludique in vivo du propranolol contre l'infection expérimentale par Plasmodium berghei ANKA chez la souris Contexte: Le paludisme est une maladie infectieuse transmise par les moustiques causée par Plasmodium spp, qui est répandue dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales du monde. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'activité antipaludique in vivo du propranolol contre une infection expérimentale à Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) dans un modèle murin. Méthodes: Un total de 36 souris pesant entre 15 et 18 g ont été réparties au hasard en six groupes de six souris chacun. Les souris du premier groupe (SAL) n'étaient pas infectées par P. berghei mais ont reçu une solution saline normale (contrôle), le deuxième groupe (PbA) était des souris infectées sans traitement (contrôle), le troisième groupe (PRL) était des souris non infectées traitées par propranolol à la dose de 7,5mg/kg/bid, le quatrième groupe (PbA+PRL) étaient des souris infectées et traitées avec la même dose de propranolol, le cinquième groupe (QUN) étaient des souris non infectées traitées avec de la quinine à une dose de 20mg/kg stat, puis 10mg/kg bid et le sixième groupe (PbA+QUN) étaient des souris infectées traitées avec de la quinine. La parasitémie, les conditions physiologiques (fonction cognitive, température) et la létalité des souris infectées ont été surveillées sur une période de 7 jours pour évaluer l'activité antipaludique du propranolol et de la quinine. Le paradigme du labyrinthe en Y a été utilisé pour évaluer les troubles cognitifs induits par l'infection au PbA. Les effets du propranolol sur les indices du paludisme et les troubles cognitifs ont été comparés à ceux de la quinine et du témoin à l'aide de la méthode statistique du test T. Résultats: La mortalité des souris au jour 7 dans le groupe infecté sans traitement (PbA) était de 100% (6/6) tandis que la mortalité était de 50% (3/6) dans le groupe infecté traité avec du propranolol (PbA+PRL) et 33,3% ( 2/6) dans le groupe infecté traité par la quinine (PbA+QUN) (OR=2.000, p=1.000). Aucune mortalité n'a été enregistrée dans aucun des trois groupes de souris non infectées. Le propranolol a réduit la parasitémie à un niveau minimum de 1,40±0,07 trois jours après le traitement, comparable au niveau minimum de 1,39±0,0633 de la quinine, mais n'a pas inversé l'hypothermie induite par le PbA, ce que la quinine a fait. Conclusion: le propranolol a démontré une activité antipaludique in vivo contre l'infection expérimentale au PbA chez la souris comparable à celle de la quinine. Mots-clés: paludisme, propranolol, quinine, Plasmodium, paludisme cérébral

Download Full-text

Antimalarial Effect of the Total Glycosides of the Medicinal Plant, Ranunculus japonicus

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

Hae-Soo Yun ◽

Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba ◽

Sanghyun Lee ◽

Zin Moon ◽

Dongmi Kwak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

The Republic

In traditional Chinese medicine, Ranunculus japonicus has been used to treat various diseases, including malaria, and the young stem of R. japonicus is consumed as a food in the Republic of Korea. However, experimental evidence of the antimalarial effect of R. japonicus has not been evaluated. Therefore, the antimalarial activity of the extract of the young stem of R. japonicus was evaluated in vitro using both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains; in vivo activity was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice via oral administration followed by a four-day suppressive test focused on biochemical and hematological parameters. Exposure to extracts of R. japonicus resulted in significant inhibition of both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, with IC50 values of 6.29 ± 2.78 and 5.36 ± 4.93 μg/mL, respectively. Administration of R. japonicus also resulted in potent antimalarial activity against P. berghei in infected mice with no associated toxicity; treatment also resulted in improved hepatic, renal, and hematologic parameters. These results demonstrate the antimalarial effects of R. japonicus both in vitro and in vivo with no apparent toxicity.

Download Full-text

In-vivo antimalarial activity of aqueous leaf and bark extracts of Trema orientalis against Plasmodium berghei in mice

Journal of Parasitic Diseases ◽

10.1007/s12639-016-0815-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 398-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Oluwatoyosi Eniola Oyebola ◽

Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji ◽

Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Trema Orientalis

Download Full-text

Antimalarial activity of hydromethanolic extract and its solvent fractions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312119849766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211984976 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Temesgen Bihonegn ◽

Mirutse Giday ◽

Getnet Yimer ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Mekonnen Sisay

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Survival Time ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Oral Toxicity

Background: Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is reported to be traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. Based on folkloric repute of this plant in Ethiopian traditional medicine and crude extract-based ethnopharmacological studies conducted in few countries, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of 80% methanol extract and its solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: A 4-day suppressive test was conducted on mice infected with P. berghei to find out antimalarial effect of chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions obtained from the 80% methanol crude extract. In all the activity tests, mice were randomly assigned in five groups (three tests and two controls) of six animals in each and received respective treatments. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: Acute oral toxicity test showed that all solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina revealed neither mortality nor overt signs of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. This study indicated that the percentage parasitemia suppression of 80% methanol extract was 32.47% (±2.65), 35.40% (±3.14) and 37.67% (±2.50) at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. All doses of the 80% methanol extract of V. amygdalina prolonged survival time and prevented weight loss and packed cell volume reduction in infected mice. All doses of chloroform and butanol fractions significantly suppressed parasitemia (p < 0.05), increased survival time (p < 0.05) compared to negative control and exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature (p < 0.05). All solvent fractions significantly prevented weight loss (p < 0.05) at all tested doses. The 80% methanol extract and chloroform and butanol fractions significantly (p < 0.05) prevented further reduction in rectal temperature of P. berghei-infected mice at all doses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina demonstrated promising antimalarial activity. The study corroborated the folklore use of this plant for the treatment of malaria in ethnomedicine in Ethiopia.

Download Full-text

Antimalarial Activity of Cordia africana (Lam.) (Boraginaceae) Leaf Extracts and Solvent Fractions in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8324596 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash ◽

Dayananda Bhoumik ◽

Birhanetensay Masresha Altaye ◽

Helen Bitew Tareke ◽

Brhane Teklebrhan Assefa

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Suppression Test ◽

Cordia Africana

Background. Malaria remains a major worldwide public health problem leading to death of millions of people. Spread and emergence of antimalarial drug resistance are the major challenge in malaria control. Medicinal plants are the key source of new effective antimalarial agents. Cordia africana (Lam.) is widely used for traditional management of malaria by local people in different parts of Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo antimalarial effects of leaf extracts and solvent fractions of Cordia africana on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Methods. The leaf extracts were prepared and tested for oral acute toxicity according to the OECD guideline. In vivo antimalarial effects of various doses of C. africana extracts and solvent fractions were determined using the four-day suppression test (both crude and fractions), as well as curative and chemoprophylactic tests (crude extracts). Results. The acute toxicity test of the plant extract revealed that the medium lethal dose is higher than 2000 mg/kg. The crude extract of the plant exhibited significant parasitemia suppression in the four-day suppression (51.19%), curative (57.14%), and prophylactic (46.48%) tests at 600 mg/kg. The n-butanol fraction exhibited the highest chemosuppression (55.62%) at 400 mg/kg, followed by the chloroform fraction (45.04%) at the same dose. Conclusion. Our findings indicated that both the crude leaf extracts and fractions of C. africana possess antimalarial effects, supporting the traditional claim of the plant.

Download Full-text

Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/8832724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽

Yamssi Cédric ◽

Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽

Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽

Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

Download Full-text