Demonstration of the waste tire pyrolysis process on pilot scale in a continuous auger reactor

A significant annual growth in the number of spent car tires creates a serious environmental problem and calls for the need to continue searching for efficient resource-saving methods of their recycling. There is a growing number of efforts aimed at studying waste tire thermochemical conversion processes, including their pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including a solid fraction (coke residue), liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and noncondensable gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). Commercial and pilot pyrolysis plants and reactors are reviewed. A rotating drum reactor, shaft and screw reactors are the most promising solutions for implementing a continuous process. The development of new resource-saving solutions for the pyrolysis of waste tire requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of this process, including information on the material and heat flows in the pyrolysis reactor. The composition and thermal properties of waste tire, as well as specific outputs, composition and fuel properties of pyrolysis product material flows, including pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and coke residue, are presented. Information on the pyrolysis plant or reactor heat balance structure is either absent or incomplete. Based on the data available in the literature, the heat balance of a commercial pyrolysis plant equipped with screw reactors characterized by a specific thermal destruction heat of 0.640 MJ/(kg of tires) is drawn up and studied. The numerical analysis results correlate with the data published for the commercial-grade plant. Information on the pyrolysis chamber heat balance structure is correct enough for use in engineering practice. It has been found that the specific heat consumption for the pyrolysis process is 2.269 MJ/(kg of tires). This value can be used in numerically analyzing pyrolysis plants equipped with other designs of pyrolysis reactors.

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Micro Scale Slow-Pyrolysis Rotary Kiln for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste: Design and Construction of a Reactor Test Bench

Volume 7: Turbo Expo 2004 ◽

10.1115/gt2004-54186 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francesco Fantozzi ◽

Umberto Desideri

Keyword(s):

Rotary Kiln ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Modeling Tools ◽

Power Cycles ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

The University ◽

Energy Balances

Slow pyrolysis of waste and biomass may represent an interesting solution for renewable energy conversion in highly regenerative Gas Turbine (GT) or Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) based power cycles. The combined production of a medium LHV gas to fuel the GT or the ICE and of a high LHV byproduct (tar and/or char) that may contribute to maintain the pyrolysis process, makes pyrolysis highly competitive when compared to gasification. Nevertheless few simulations of such integrated plants are available in literature also because of the lack of general and robust modeling tools for the pyrolysis process. A pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer was built at the University of Perugia to investigate the main benefits and drawbacks of the technology. The pyrolyzer will provide the experimental data that are necessary both to evaluate mass and energy balances, and to support the pyrolysis simulation activity that the authors are carrying out. Namely the test rig will provide, for each given quantity and composition of the biomass or waste in input, the gas, char and tar yields and compositions and the energy provided to maintain the process. This paper describes the main features and operational possibilities of the plant.

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Influence of the Feedstock on the Process Parameters, Product Composition and Pilot-Scale Cracking of Plastics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3094

Author(s):

Daria Frączak ◽

Grażyna Fabiś ◽

Beata Orlińska

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Product Yield ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Chemical Recycling ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Branched Hydrocarbons ◽

Bromine Number

Chemical recycling of polymers can lead to many different products and play a significant role in the circular economy through the use of plastic waste as a feedstock in the production of valuable materials. The polyolefins: polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), together with polystyrene (PS), can be chemically recycled by the thermal cracking (pyrolysis) process. In this study, continuous cracking of polyolefins and polystyrene in different proportions and with the addition of other polymers, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), was investigated at the pilot scale in terms of the process parameters and product yields. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the detailed analysis of the products’ compositions. The boiling temperature distribution and the bromine number were used for additional characterization of products. It was found that an increase of PP share caused a decrease in the process temperature, an increase of the product yield and a shift of the boiling range towards lighter products, increasing the content levels for unsaturates and branched hydrocarbons. It was observed that the addition of 5% PS, PET and PVC reduced the overall product yield, resulting in the creation of a lower-boiling product and increasing the conversion of polyethylene. An addition of 10% polystyrene increased the PP conversion and resulted in a higher product yield, without significant change in the boiling temperatures distribution.

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Ca-based Catalysts for the Production of High-Quality Bio-Oils from the Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Grape Seeds and Waste Tyres

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9120992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 992 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Olga Sanahuja-Parejo ◽

Alberto Veses ◽

José Manuel López ◽

Ramón Murillo ◽

María Soledad Callén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

High Quality ◽

Energy Applications ◽

Waste Tyres ◽

Auger Reactor ◽

Main Components ◽

Esterification Reactions ◽

Solid Liquid

The catalytic co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and waste tyres for the production of high-quality bio-oils was studied in a pilot-scale Auger reactor using different low-cost Ca-based catalysts. All the products of the process (solid, liquid, and gas) were comprehensively analysed. The results demonstrate that this upgrading strategy is suitable for the production of better-quality bio-oils with major potential for use as drop-in fuels. Although very good results were obtained regardless of the nature of the Ca-based catalyst, the best results were achieved using a high-purity CaO obtained from the calcination of natural limestone at 900 °C. Specifically, by adding 20 wt% waste tyres and using a feedstock to CaO mass ratio of 2:1, a practically deoxygenated bio-oil (0.5 wt% of oxygen content) was obtained with a significant heating value of 41.7 MJ/kg, confirming its potential for use in energy applications. The total basicity of the catalyst and the presence of a pure CaO crystalline phase with marginal impurities seem to be key parameters facilitating the prevalence of aromatisation and hydrodeoxygenation routes over the de-acidification and deoxygenation of the vapours through ketonisation and esterification reactions, leading to a highly aromatic biofuel. In addition, owing to the CO2-capture effect inherent to these catalysts, a more environmentally friendly gas product was produced, comprising H2 and CH4 as the main components.

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Fuel and Chemical Properties of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil Derived from a Continuous Twin-Auger Reactor

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 12688-12702

Author(s):

Felipe Campuzano ◽

Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

Abdul-Hamid Emwas ◽

Andrés F. Agudelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Waste Tire ◽

Auger Reactor ◽

And Chemical Properties

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An Investigation on the Interaction between Biomass and Coal during their Co-Pyrolysis

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.299 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 797 ◽

pp. 299-308

Author(s):

Engamba Esso Samy Berthold ◽

Shun Li Fang ◽

Yan Ting Xue ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Zhe Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Oxygenated Compounds ◽

Aromatic Components ◽

Oil Characterization ◽

Predicted Values ◽

Auger Reactor

This study aims to investigate the interaction during the co-pyrolysis of Cangzhou coal and sawdust/rice husk. The synergistic is analyzed in the thermal behavior of the blends and the kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), also in the products yield (oil and char) from the fast co-pyrolysis and the oil characterization by GC-MS and UV fluorescence spectroscopy. Firstly TG experiment indicated the synergistic effect occurs during the co-pyrolysis process of the coal and rice husk occurs during the all the main pyrolysis (300-550°C) and that of the sawdust between 300-410°C (for the 50:50 and the 75:25 blends) and 300-550°C (for the 25:75 blend). Then the co-fast pyrolysis in a novel auger reactor increased the oil yield compared to the predicted values. The synergistic interaction promoted the oxygenated compounds, limited the SOx emissions, was less reactive and did not promote the aromatic components.

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