scholarly journals Cerebrovascular dysfunction following subfailure axial stretch

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. David Bell ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Kenneth L. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Axial Stretch ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction

Cerebrovascular Dysfunction Following Sub-Failure Axial Stretch

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. David Bell ◽  
Kenneth L. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Axial Stretch ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

Cerebral blood vessels are critical in maintaining the health and function of the brain, but their function can be disrupted by traumatic brain injury (TBI), which commonly includes damage to these vessels [1]. However, even in cases where there is not apparent mechanical damage to the cerebral vasculature, TBI can induce physiological disruptions that can lead to breakdown of the blood brain barrier or loss of cerebral autoregulation.

Reversing cerebrovascular dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Sarah Crunkhorn
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction

Axial Stretch Increases Cell Proliferation in Arteries in Organ Culture

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Chao Han ◽  
Raymond P. Vito ◽  
Kristin Michael ◽  
David N. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Axial Stretch ◽  
Organ Culture System ◽  
Physiological Flow

Abstract To study the effect of axial stretch on vascular function and wall remodeling, porcine carotid arteries were cultured under conditions of physiological flow and elevated axial stretch in an ex vivo organ culture system. Smooth muscle cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine index. Results showed that cell proliferation was significantly increased in the highly stretched arteries when compared to the normally stretched arteries. This may indicate the feasibility of stimulating new arterial growth by stretching natural arteries.

scholarly journals Fundamental Roles of Axial Stretch in Isometric and Isobaric Evaluations of Vascular Contractility

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. Caulk ◽  
Jay D. Humphrey ◽  
Sae-Il Murtada
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Axial Stretch ◽  
Smooth Muscle Function ◽  
In Vivo Loading

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can regulate arterial mechanics via contractile activity in response to changing mechanical and chemical signals. Contractility is traditionally evaluated via uniaxial isometric testing of isolated rings despite the in vivo environment being very different. Most blood vessels maintain a locally preferred value of in vivo axial stretch while subjected to changes in distending pressure, but both of these phenomena are obscured in uniaxial isometric testing. Few studies have rigorously analyzed the role of in vivo loading conditions in smooth muscle function. Thus, we evaluated effects of uniaxial versus biaxial deformations on smooth muscle contractility by stimulating two regions of the mouse aorta with different vasoconstrictors using one of three testing protocols: (i) uniaxial isometric testing, (ii) biaxial isometric testing, and (iii) axially isometric plus isobaric testing. Comparison of methods (i) and (ii) revealed increased sensitivity and contractile capacity to potassium chloride and phenylephrine (PE) with biaxial isometric testing, and comparison of methods (ii) and (iii) revealed a further increase in contractile capacity with isometric plus isobaric testing. Importantly, regional differences in estimated in vivo axial stretch suggest locally distinct optimal biaxial configurations for achieving maximal smooth muscle contraction, which can only be revealed with biaxial testing. Such differences highlight the importance of considering in vivo loading and geometric configurations when evaluating smooth muscle function. Given the physiologic relevance of axial extension and luminal pressurization, we submit that, when possible, axially isometric plus isobaric testing should be employed to evaluate vascular smooth muscle contractile function.

scholarly journals The APOE ε4/ε4 Genotype Potentiates Vascular Fibrin(Ogen) Deposition in Amyloid-Laden Vessels in the Brains of Alzheimer's Disease Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hultman ◽  
Sidney Strickland ◽  
Erin H Norris
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
Clotting Protein

Evidence indicates a critical role for cerebrovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. We have shown that fibrin(ogen), the principal blood-clotting protein, is deposited in the AD neurovasculature and interacts with beta-amyloid (Ab), resulting in increased formation of blood clots. As apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid-transporting protein with three human isoforms (E2, E3, and E4), also binds to Aβ, we hypothesized that ApoE and fibrin(ogen) may have a combined effect on the vascular pathophysiology in AD. We assessed whether APOE genotype differentially influences vascular fibrin(ogen) deposition in postmortem brain tissue using immunohistochemistry. An increased deposition of fibrin(ogen) was observed in AD cases compared with non-demented controls, and there was a strong correlation between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) severity and fibrin(ogen) deposition. Moreover, brains from AD cases homozygous for APOE ε4 showed increased deposition of fibrin(ogen), specifically in CAA- and oligomeric Aβ-positive vessels compared with AD APOE ε2 and ε3 allele carriers, an effect that was not directly linked to CAA severity and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. These data further support a role for fibrin(ogen) in AD pathophysiology and link the APOE ε4/ε4 genotype with increased thrombosis and/or impaired fibrinolysis in the human AD brain.

scholarly journals Stimulus‐specific cerebrovascular dysfunction in humans with metabolic syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Harrell ◽  
Edward J McKenna ◽  
Lee A Linstroth ◽  
Barbara J Morgan ◽  
William G Schrage
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis, cerebrovascular dysfunction and the common denominator of inflammation: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Al-Khazraji ◽  
C.T. Appleton ◽  
F. Beier ◽  
T.B. Birmingham ◽  
J.K. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Review ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
The Common

Long Term Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in the Offspring from Maternal Electronic Cigarette Use during Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Burrage ◽  
Eiman Aboaziza ◽  
Lance Hare ◽  
Sarah Reppert ◽  
Joshua Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Old Adult

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) have been promoted as harm-free or less-risky than smoking, even for women during pregnancy. These claims are made largely on E-cig aerosol having fewer number of toxic chemicals compared to cigarette smoke. Given that even low levels of smoking are found to produce adverse birth outcomes, we sought to test the hypothesis that vaping during pregnancy (with or without nicotine) would not be harm-free, and would result in vascular dysfunction that would be evident in offspring during adolescent and/or adult life. Pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to E-cig aerosol (1-hour/day, 5 days/week, starting on gestational day 2 until pups were weaned) using e-liquid with 0 mg/ml (E-cig0) or 18 mg/ml nicotine (E-cig18) and compared to ambient air exposed controls. Body mass at birth and at weaning were not different between groups. Assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity revealed a 51-56% reduction in endothelial-dependent dilation response to acetylcholine (ACh) for both E-cig0 and E-cig18 in 1-month, 3-month (adolescent), and 7-month old (adult) offspring (p<0.05 compared to air, all time points). MCA response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and myogenic tone were not different across groups suggesting that endothelial-independent responses were not altered. The MCA vasoconstrictor response (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was also not different across treatment and age groups. These data demonstrate that maternal vaping during pregnancy is not harm-free and confers significant cerebrovascular health risk/dysfunction to offspring that persists into adult life.

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