The decreased number and function of lymphocytes is associated with Penicillium marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients

Abstract Background Monocyte dysfunction may persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected ART-treated adults with sustained viral suppression and CD4 counts ≥500 cells/µL were consecutively analyzed for monocyte phenotypes and function. Results Nonclassical monocytes (CD14+, CD16++), interleukin (IL)-1β production, and expression of CD40 and CD86 were lower among ART-treated HIV-infected adults relative to age-matched HIV-negative adults (P = .01, P = .01, and P = .02, respectively). Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, IL6, and soluble CD14 were higher among HIV-infected adults relative to HIV-negative adults (P = .0002, P = .04, and P = .0017, respectively). Conclusions Further investigation is required to understand drivers of persistent monocyte activation and dysfunction.

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Brain structure of perinatally HIV-infected patients on long-term treatment

Neurology Clinical Practice ◽

10.1212/cpj.0000000000000637 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 433-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Malon Van den Hof ◽

Anne Marleen ter Haar ◽

Matthan W.A. Caan ◽

Rene Spijker ◽

Johanna H. van der Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Structure ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Brain Structure And Function ◽

And Function ◽

Hiv Negative

ObjectiveWe aim to give an overview of the available evidence on brain structure and function in PHIV-infected patients (PHIV+) using long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and how differences change over time.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search using MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. We used the following selection criteria: cohort and cross-sectional studies that reported on brain imaging differences between PHIV+ of all ages who used cART for at least six months before neuroimaging and HIV-negative controls. Two reviewers independently selected studies, performed data extraction, and assessed quality of studies.ResultsAfter screening 1500 abstracts and 343 full-text articles, we identified 19 eligible articles. All included studies had a cross-sectional design and used MRI with different modalities: structural MRI (n = 7), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (n = 6), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 5), arterial spin labeling (n = 1), and resting-state functional neuroimaging (n = 1). Studies showed considerable methodological limitations and heterogeneity, preventing us to perform meta-analyses. DTI data on white matter microstructure suggested poorer directional diffusion in cART-treated PHIV+ compared with controls. Other modalities were inconclusive.ConclusionEvidence may suggest brain structure and function differences in the population of PHIV+ on long-term cART compared with the HIV-negative population. Because of a small study population, and considerable heterogeneity and methodological limitations, the extent of brain structure and function differences on neuroimaging between groups remains unknown.

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Penicillium marneffei infection within an osteolytic lesion in an HIV-negative patient

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2013.12.019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Guang-nan Liu ◽

Juan-shu Huang ◽

Xiao-ning Zhong ◽

Jian-quan Zhang ◽

Zhao-xia Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osteolytic Lesion ◽

Penicillium Marneffei ◽

Negative Patient ◽

Hiv Negative

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Retrospective analysis of 15 cases of Penicillium marneffei infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 321-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yinyin Li ◽

Zhongyuan Lin ◽

Xiang Shi ◽

Lijun Mo ◽

Wenchao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Penicillium Marneffei ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Negative

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Innate lymphoid cell dysfunction during long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort

BMC Immunology ◽

10.1186/s12865-021-00450-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rose Nabatanzi ◽

Lois Bayigga ◽

Stephen Cose ◽

Glenda Canderan ◽

Sarah Rowland Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Mucosal Surfaces ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Function ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are lymphoid lineage innate immune cells that do not mount antigen-specific responses due to their lack of B and T-cell receptors. ILCs are predominantly found at mucosal surfaces, as gatekeepers against invading infectious agents through rapid secretion of immune regulatory cytokines. HIV associated destruction of mucosal lymphoid tissue depletes ILCs, among other immune dysfunctions. Studies have described limited restoration of ILCs during the first three years of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Little is known about restoration of ILCs during long-term cART, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa which hosts increasing numbers of adults with at least a decade of cART. Results We examined phenotypes and function of ILCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 12 years of suppressive cART. We report that ILC1 frequencies (T-BET + CD127 + and CD161 +) were higher in cART-treated HIV-infected relative to age-matched health HIV-negative adults; P = 0.04 whereas ILC precursors (ILCP) were comparable in the two groups (P = 0.56). Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by ILC1 was higher among cART-treated HIV-infected relative to HIV-negative adults (P = 0.03). Conclusion HIV associated alteration of ILC persisted during cART and may likely affect the quality of host innate and adaptive immune responses during long-term cART.

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MR1-Restricted MAIT Cells From The Human Lung Mucosal Surface Have Distinct Phenotypic, Functional, and Transcriptomic Features That Are Preserved in HIV Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.631410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Khuzwayo ◽

Maphe Mthembu ◽

Erin W. Meermeier ◽

Sanjay M. Prakadan ◽

Samuel W. Kazer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Peripheral Circulation ◽

Mucosal Surface ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Mait Cells ◽

And Function ◽

Mait Cell ◽

Hiv Negative

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a class of innate-like T cells that utilize a semi-invariant αβ T cell receptor to recognize small molecule ligands produced by bacteria and fungi. Despite growing evidence that immune cells at mucosal surfaces are often phenotypically and functionally distinct from those in the peripheral circulation, knowledge about the characteristics of MAIT cells at the lung mucosal surface, the site of exposure to respiratory pathogens, is limited. HIV infection has been shown to have a profound effect on the number and function of MAIT cells in the peripheral blood, but its effect on lung mucosal MAIT cells is unknown. We examined the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic features of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related (MR1)-restricted MAIT cells from the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar compartments of otherwise healthy individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection who were either HIV uninfected or HIV infected. Peripheral blood MAIT cells consistently co-expressed typical MAIT cell surface markers CD161 and CD26 in HIV-negative individuals, while paired bronchoalveolar MAIT cells displayed heterogenous expression of these markers. Bronchoalveolar MAIT cells produced lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and expressed higher levels of co-inhibitory markers PD-1 and TIM-3 than peripheral MAIT cells. HIV infection resulted in decreased frequencies and pro-inflammatory function of peripheral blood MAIT cells, while in the bronchoalveolar compartment MAIT cell frequency was decreased but phenotype and function were not significantly altered. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis demonstrated greater heterogeneity among bronchoalveolar compared to peripheral blood MAIT cells and suggested a distinct subset in the bronchoalveolar compartment. The transcriptional features of this bronchoalveolar subset were associated with MAIT cell tissue repair functions. In summary, we found previously undescribed phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity of bronchoalveolar MAIT cells in HIV-negative people. In HIV infection, we found numeric depletion of MAIT cells in both anatomical compartments but preservation of the novel phenotypic and transcriptional features of bronchoalveolar MAIT cells.

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Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87368-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

William Baiye Abange ◽

Casey Martin ◽

Aubin Joseph Nanfack ◽

Laeticia Grace Yatchou ◽

Nichole Nusbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

And Function ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Hiv Negative

AbstractMultiple factors, such as immune disruption, prophylactic co-trimoxazole, and antiretroviral therapy, may influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome of children infected with HIV from birth. In order to understand whether HIV infection altered gut microbiome and to relate changes in microbiome structure and function to immune status, virological response and pediatric ART regimens, we characterized the gut microbiome of 87 HIV-infected and 82 non-exposed HIV-negative children from Yaounde, a cosmopolitan city in Cameroon. We found that children living with HIV had significantly lower alpha diversity in their gut microbiome and altered beta diversity that may not be related to CD4+ T cell count or viral load. There was an increased level of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium genera and decreased level of Escherichia and other Gamma proteobacteria in children infected with HIV, among other differences. We noted an effect of ethnicity/geography on observed gut microbiome composition and that children on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based ART had gut microbiome composition that diverged more from HIV-negative controls compared to those on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors-based ART. Further studies investigating the role of this altered gut microbiome in increased disease susceptibility are warranted for individuals who acquired HIV via mother-to-child transmission.

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Pulmonary penicilliosis in HIV negative child simulating pulmonary tuberculosis

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164619 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Mallesh Kariyappa ◽

Nagabhushan B. M.

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Penicillium Marneffei ◽

Tuberculosis Treatment ◽

Human Pathogen ◽

Loss Of Appetite ◽

Immunocompromised Hosts ◽

Reticulo Endothelial System ◽

Hiv Negative

Penicillium marneffei (P. marneffei) is a rare human pathogen, unique among species of penicillium by its thermal dimorphism and its propensity to infect the lungs and reticulo endothelial system and to proliferate within histiocytes either in healthy or immunocompromised hosts. Penicillium marneffei is a rare in HIV negative child. Clinical characteristics of study were 9 years old male presented with fever, cough and loss of appetite for 6 months that persisted despite ante tuberculosis treatment. Broncho alveolar lavage showed typical elements and culture yielded the growth of penicillium marneffei. Outcome of this study was child responded to amphotericin and did not relapse on itraconozole prophylaxis. Penicilliosis mimics pulmonary tuberculosis.

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