Utilization of abrasive industry waste as a substitute material for the production of fireclay brick

The pisco industry in Peru generates large amounts of grape pomace, which is a natural source of bioactive compounds with potential nutraceutical applications. Hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) with water-ethanol solvent mixtures (20–60%) at high temperatures (100–160 °C) was applied to recover polyphenols from the skin and seeds of a Peruvian pisco-industry grape-pomace waste. At the same HPLE conditions (60% ethanol, 160 °C), the seed fraction extracts contained ~6 times more total polyphenol and presented ~5 times more antioxidant activity than the extract from the skin fraction. The lowest ethanol concentration (20%) and the highest temperature (160 °C) achieved the highest recovery of flavanols with 163.61 µg/g dw from seeds and 10.37 µg/g dw from skins. The recovery of phenolic acids was maximized at the highest ethanol concentration and temperature with 45.34 µg/g dw from seeds and 6.93 µg/g dw from skins. Flavonols were only recovered from the skin, maximized (17.53 µg/g dw) at 20% of ethanol and the highest temperature. The recovery of specific polyphenols is maximized at specific extraction conditions. These conditions are the same for seed and skin extractions. This alternative method can be used in other agroindustrial wastes in order to recover bioactive compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

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In Vivo Analysis of the Biocompatibility and Bone Healing Capacity of a Novel Bone Grafting Material Combined with Hyaluronic Acid

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4818

Author(s):

Annica Pröhl ◽

Milijana Batinic ◽

Said Alkildani ◽

Michael Hahn ◽

Milena Radenkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Substitute ◽

Sham Operation ◽

Bone Substitute Material ◽

Water Binding ◽

Sham Operation Group ◽

Operation Group ◽

Substitute Material ◽

Tissue Reactions ◽

Inflammatory Tissue

The present in vivo study analyses both the inflammatory tissue reactions and the bone healing capacity of a newly developed bone substitute material (BSM) based on xenogeneic bone substitute granules combined with hyaluronate (HY) as a water-binding molecule. The results of the hyaluronate containing bone substitute material (BSM) were compared to a control xenogeneic BSM of the same chemical composition and a sham operation group up to 16 weeks post implantationem. A major focus of the study was to analyze the residual hyaluronate and its effects on the material-dependent healing behavior and the inflammatory tissue responses. The study included 63 male Wistar rats using the calvaria implantation model for 2, 8, and 16 weeks post implantationem. Established and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-conforming histological, histopathological, and histomorphometrical analysis methods were conducted. The results showed that the new hyaluronate containing BSM was gradually integrated within newly formed bone up to the end of the study that ended in a condition of complete bone defect healing. Thereby, no differences to the healing capacity of the control BSM were found. However, the bone formation in both groups was continuously significantly higher compared to the sham operation group. Additionally, no differences in the (inflammatory) tissue response that was analyzed via qualitative and (semi-) quantitative methods were found. Interestingly, no differences were found between the numbers of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages between the three study groups over the entire course of the study. No signs of the HY as a water-binding part of the BSM were histologically detectable at any of the study time points, altogether the results of the present study show that HY allows for an optimal material-associated bone tissue healing comparable to the control xenogeneic BSM. The added HY seems to be degraded within a very short time period of less than 2 weeks so that the remaining BSM granules allow for a gradual osteoconductive bone regeneration. Additionally, no differences between the inflammatory tissue reactions in both material groups and the sham operation group were found. Thus, the new hyaluronate containing xenogeneic BSM and also the control BSM have been shown to be fully biocompatible without any differences regarding bone regeneration.

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Radiographic evaluation of a bone substitute material in alveolar ridge preservation for maxillary removable immediate dentures: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ◽

10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christophe Rignon-Bret ◽

Claudine Wulfman ◽

Fabien Valet ◽

Alain Hadida ◽

Thien-Huong Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Bone Substitute ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Ridge Preservation ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Bone Substitute Material ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽

Substitute Material

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Acoustic Characterization of Some Steel Industry Waste Materials

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5924

Author(s):

Elisa Levi ◽

Simona Sgarbi ◽

Edoardo Alessio Piana

Keyword(s):

Thermal Characteristic ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Acoustic Characterization ◽

Minimization Procedure ◽

The Difference ◽

By Products

From a circular economy perspective, the acoustic characterization of steelwork by-products is a topic worth investigating, especially because little or no literature can be found on this subject. The possibility to reuse and add value to a large amount of this kind of waste material can lead to significant economic and environmental benefits. Once properly analyzed and optimized, these by-products can become a valuable alternative to conventional materials for noise control applications. The main acoustic properties of these materials can be investigated by means of a four-microphone impedance tube. Through an inverse technique, it is then possible to derive some non-acoustic properties of interest, useful to physically characterize the structure of the materials. The inverse method adopted in this paper is founded on the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model and uses a standard minimization procedure based on the difference between the sound absorption coefficients obtained experimentally and predicted by the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model. The results obtained are consistent with other literature data for similar materials. The knowledge of the physical parameters retrieved applying this technique (porosity, airflow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous and thermal characteristic length) is fundamental for the acoustic optimization of the porous materials in the case of future applications.

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Silane-Functionalized Sheep Wool Fibers from Dairy Industry Waste for the Development of Plasticized PLA Composites with Maleinized Linseed Oil for Injection-Molded Parts

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2523

Author(s):

Franciszek Pawlak ◽

Miguel Aldas ◽

Francisco Parres ◽

Juan López-Martínez ◽

Marina Patricia Arrieta

Keyword(s):

Linseed Oil ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Wool Fibers ◽

Molded Parts ◽

Silane Modification ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Sheep Wool

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was plasticized with maleinized linseed oil (MLO) and further reinforced with sheep wool fibers recovered from the dairy industry. The wool fibers were firstly functionalized with 1 and 2.5 phr of tris(2-methoxyethoxy)(vinyl) (TVS) silane coupling agent and were further used in 1, 5, and 10 phr to reinforce the PLA/MLO matrix. Then, the composite materials were processed by extrusion, followed by injection-molding processes. The mechanical, thermal, microstructural, and surface properties were assessed. While the addition of untreated wool fibers to the plasticized PLA/MLO matrix caused a general decrease in the mechanical properties, the TVS treatment was able to slightly compensate for such mechanical losses. Additionally, a shift in cold crystallization and a decrease in the degree of crystallization were observed due to the fiber silane modification. The microstructural analysis confirmed enhanced interaction between silane-modified fibers and the polymeric matrix. The inclusion of the fiber into the PLA/MLO matrix made the obtained material more hydrophobic, while the yellowish color of the material increased with the fiber content.

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