All older adults are not alike: understanding factors influencing intra-age group differences in pain severity and experience with pain in black and white cancer patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. S95
Author(s):  
K. Castro ◽  
R. Roker ◽  
T. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Resting-State EEG and Allocentric Spatial Working Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Jabès ◽  
Giuliana Klencklen ◽  
Paolo Ruggeri ◽  
Jean-Philippe Antonietti ◽  
Pamela Banta Lavenex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Recording Conditions

During normal aging resting-state brain activity changes and working memory performance declines as compared to young adulthood. Interestingly, previous studies reported that different electroencephalographic (EEG) measures of resting-state brain activity may correlate with working memory performance at different ages. Here, we recorded resting-state EEG activity and tested allocentric spatial working memory in healthy young (20–30 years) and older (65–75 years) adults. We adapted standard EEG methods to record brain activity in mobile participants in a non-shielded environment, in both eyes closed and eyes open conditions. Our study revealed some age-group differences in resting-state brain activity that were consistent with previous results obtained in different recording conditions. We confirmed that age-group differences in resting-state EEG activity depend on the recording conditions and the specific parameters considered. Nevertheless, lower theta-band and alpha-band frequencies and absolute powers, and higher beta-band and gamma-band relative powers were overall observed in healthy older adults, as compared to healthy young adults. In addition, using principal component and regression analyses, we found that the first extracted EEG component, which represented mainly theta, alpha and beta powers, correlated with spatial working memory performance in older adults, but not in young adults. These findings are consistent with the theory that the neurobiological bases of working memory performance may differ between young and older adults. However, individual measures of resting-state EEG activity could not be used as reliable biomarkers to predict individual allocentric spatial working memory performance in young or older adults.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF AGING, NEGATIVE AGE BIAS, AND POSITIVE AGE BIAS: AGE GROUP DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S80-S81
Author(s):  
Grace Caskie ◽  
Anastasia E Canell ◽  
Hannah M Bashian
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Bias ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Attitudes towards aging include both positive and negative beliefs about older adults (Iverson et al., 2017; Palmore, 1999). Palmore’s (1998) Facts on Aging Quiz, a widely used assessment of knowledge about aging, also identifies common societal misconceptions about aging. Findings regarding age group differences in attitudes toward aging are mixed (Bodner et al., 2012; Cherry & Palmore, 2008; Rupp et al., 2005). The current study compared knowledge of aging, negative age bias, and positive age bias between young adults (18-35 years, n=268) and middle-aged adults (40-55 years; n=277). Middle-aged adults reported significantly greater average knowledge of aging than young adults (p=.019), although both groups had relatively low knowledge (MA: M=13.0, YA: M=12.2). Middle-aged adults also showed significantly less negative age bias (p<.001) and significantly more positive age bias than young adults (p=.026). Although the total sample was significantly more likely to be incorrect than correct on 23 of the 25 facts (p<.001), young adults were significantly more likely than middle-aged adults (p<.001) to respond incorrectly for only 2 of 25 facts. Both facts reflected greater negative age bias among young adults than middle-aged adults. These facts concerned older adults’ ability to work as effectively as young adults (fact 9) and frequency of depression in older adults (fact 13). Results demonstrate that age bias is not limited to young adults and may continue through midlife, though negative age bias in particular may be lower for individuals approaching older adulthood, which could have implications for their psychological and physical well-being.

scholarly journals Age Group Differences in Response to Repeated Exposure to Laboratory Stress Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
James Miller ◽  
Gloria Luong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Affect Reactivity ◽  
And Task

Abstract Research examining age differences in affect reactivity (i.e. how much affective experiences change in response to stressors) has produced mixed results, suggesting that there are areas of relative strength and weakness in regulatory processes across age-groups. The present study’s goals were to examine potential age-group differences in affect reactivity and subjective task-appraisals across repeated exposures to a psychosocial laboratory stressor. In the Health and Daily Experiences (HEADE) study, younger (18-35 years old; n=107) and older adults (60-90 years old; n=90) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test on three occasions in a laboratory setting over a five-day period. Current affective experiences and task-appraisals were assessed at each session using validated self-report scales, with current affective experiences measured at baseline and task periods to determine affect reactivity. Repeated measures ANOVA analyses were conducted to examine age-group differences in affect reactivity and task-appraisals across sessions. In support of our hypotheses, younger adults showed greater reductions in their negative affect reactivity over time compared to older adults [F(2, 390)= 8.18, p<.001]. Additionally, younger adults’ appraisals of task-difficulty decreased [F(2, 384)= 14.79, p<.001] and appraisals of task-performance increased [F(2,384)= 13.39, p<.001] across sessions, while older adults’ task-appraisals remained stable. Age-group differences in negative affect reactivity and task-difficulty appraisals were not evident for the first session and only emerged after repeated exposure to the stressors. These results highlight the importance of identifying age-related vulnerabilities in adapting to repeated stressors, with implications for designing effective interventions aimed at improving health and well-being for older adults.

scholarly journals Multiple Chronic Condition Combinations, Affect, and Memory Among Black and White Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Aaron Ogletree ◽  
Steph Cooke ◽  
Benjamin Katz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Equity Research ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Research demonstrates the adverse effects of coexisting multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) on older adults’ health and wellbeing. While most research relies on total counts of chronic conditions, little work explores how specific MCC combinations may have compounding effects on depression and memory. Furthermore, no published research explores differences in the prevalence and correlates of MCC combinations between Black and White older adults. The current study assesses within- and between-group heterogeneity in the prevalence and correlates of MCC combinations to advance health equity research. We utilize a sample of 16,757 Black and White older adults drawn from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Respondents were categorized into one of 32 MCC combination groups. Depressive symptoms and self-rated memory were calculated separately for Black and White respondents across each of the 32 groups. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and ANCOVAs were used to compare differences. Black and White respondents differed significantly in the prevalence of 14 out of 32 MCC combinations. Within-group differences were found such that 45% of Black respondents experiencing only Lung Disease met criteria for clinical depression; this rate is similar to Black respondents experiencing Diabetes + Heart Condition + Hypertension + Lung Disease (44.5%). Between-group differences revealed that Black respondents experiencing Arthritis + Diabetes + Hypertension had worse self-rated memory than White counterparts (MB = 3.24, MW = 3.13; two sample t[1139]= -2.04, p < .05; Cohen’s d = 0.13). Additional findings are presented, and theoretical and practical implications for this work are discussed.

scholarly journals Functions of Real-Life Conversational Time Travel in the Context of Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
Burcu Demiray ◽  
Minxia Luo ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Audio Recorder

Abstract Using smartphone sensing in real life, we examined conversational time travel (i.e., talking about the personal past versus future), its functions and relation with positive affect (i.e., laughing behavior). We used the Electronically Activated Recorder (audio recorder that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds and speech) and collected a random sample of over 30,000 sound snippets (30 seconds long) from 61 young and 48 healthy older adults across four days. We transcribed and manually coded participants’ speech. Multilevel models conducted in R showed that individuals tended to talk about their past with more social functions (e.g., give advice), whereas talked about their future for more directive purposes (e.g., planning). Age group differences were minimal. We also found that individuals laughed two times more while talking about their past than their future. Results are discussed in relation to the functions of mental/conversational time travel in the context of healthy aging.

Associative learning-related activity within and between the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex: Effects of age and learning stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Merenstein ◽  
Jessica R. Petok ◽  
Ilana J. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Younger Adults

Healthy aging is accompanied by declines in our ability to learn associations between events without awareness, termed implicit associative learning (IAL). Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have attributed these learning deficits in older adults to differential engagement of the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex relative to younger adults. But it remains unclear whether there are also age group differences in how these brain regions coordinate learning of associations over time. Here, we acquired fMRI data while 28 younger (20.8 ± 2.3 years) and 22 older (73.6 ± 6.8 years) healthy adults completed the Triplets Learning Task, in which the location of two cues predicted the location of a target with high (HF) or low (LF) frequency. Results revealed significant age group differences in learning as smaller difference in reaction time to HF versus LF triplets in older relative to younger adults, and in the recruitment of hippocampal and prefrontal regions during early learning. Moreover, learning-related activity was significantly related among hippocampal, basal ganglia, and prefrontal regions for both age groups, although younger adults exhibited stronger hippocampal-basal ganglia interactions during early learning whereas older adults showed stronger prefrontal-hippocampal interactions during late learning. Thus, age-related declines in the ability to learn implicit associations may result from both differential engagement of and coordination between these brain regions, which are traditionally thought to comprise separate learning systems.

scholarly journals Age Group Differences in Household Accident Risk Perceptions and Intentions to Reduce Hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Morgan ◽  
John Reidy ◽  
Tahira Probst
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Response Efficacy

Very little is known about the extent to which seemingly vulnerable younger and older adults appraise household risks and relatedly whether safety information focused on raising risk awareness influences intentions to reduce hazards in the home. The present study assessed age differences in accident experience, risk attitudes, household accident risk perceptions, comparative optimism, personal control, efficacy judgements, and intentions to remove household hazards. It also examined the predictors of these intentions. Thirty-eight younger adults (aged 18 to 25) and forty older adults (aged 65 to 87) completed study booklets containing all measures. There were significant age group differences for all accident experience and risk-related variables. Younger adults experienced more accidents, had riskier attitudes, and had significantly lower cognitive risk perceptions (i.e., they were less likely to be injured due to a household accident). They also had lower affective risk perceptions (i.e., they were less worried) about their accident risk and perceived more personal control over the risk compared with older adults. Young adults were comparatively optimistic about their risk while older adults were pessimistic. Older adults had higher response efficacy and intentions to reduce hazards in the home. Only worry, response efficacy, and risk attitudes predicted intention, however, these relationships were not moderated by age or efficacy appraisal. Although tentative theoretical and practical implications are presented, further research is required in order to better understand the objective and subjective risk associated with household accidents, and to determine the factors that may improve safety, particularly for those most vulnerable.

Visual analogue mood scale scores in healthy young versus older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Machado ◽  
Laura M. Thompson ◽  
Christopher H. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
Limited Precision ◽  
Mood Scale

ABSTRACTBackground:The current research sought to characterize current mood state profiles in healthy young versus older adults using 100-point visual analogue mood scales (VAMS), provide within-sample and new sample replication of age-group differences, assess sex differences, and compare with commonly used standardized symptom measures.Methods:In two studies, six word-only VAMS (happy, sad, calm, tense, energetic, and sleepy) were administered in a laboratory setting. In Study 1, 22 young and 29 older males completed the VAMS six times (twice per day at weekly intervals). In Study 2, 60 young (30 males) and 60 older (30 males) adults completed on one occasion the VAMS, Beck Depression Inventory-II, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results:VAMS scores showed that older adults had a tendency to indicate feeling happier, less sad, calmer, less tense, more energetic, and less sleepy than young adults. This pattern occurred across assessment points and irrespective of sex, except for the tense VAMS, which showed higher scores in females than males in young but not older adults. The standardized measures showed significant age-group differences for Trait Anxiety only (lower in older than young adults).Conclusions:These findings establish current mood state differences in young versus older adults. The absence of age-group differences in past studies may relate to the limited precision of the scales (only 7 points, in contrast to the 100-point scales used here).

scholarly journals Where to Eat: Exploring Silver Consumer Restaurant Dining Choice in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainul Zakiah Abu Bakar ◽  
Lalitha Ganesan ◽  
Mohhidin Othman ◽  
Sharifah Azizah Haron ◽  
Farah Adibah Che Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Depth Interviews

Eating out among older adults are becoming the norm due to its convenience and potential for social interaction. Malaysia is expected to become an aged nation whereby 14% or more of its population will be 65 years and older by 2050. Very little is known about restaurant preferences and patronage behaviours of older adults in Malaysia even though there had been numerous researches done involving this population. It is important to acknowledge this age group not just because they are living longer; but also, because they are getting bigger in size and economic power. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing Malaysian older or silver consumers’ restaurant dining choices. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were done with Malaysian older people ages 55 and above. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Atlas.ti software (version 7) was used to complement researchers’ analyses of interview transcripts and develop a visual representation of qualitative data. Major thematic categories identified by older consumers in this study included food, service, and location. Data are visually mapped and relationships between different themes are presented. This study will be beneficial in providing more insights to restaurateurs in Malaysia to better meet silver consumer needs.

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