Bargaining power and budget ratcheting: Evidence from South Korean local governments

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 100767
Author(s):  
Youn-Sik Choi ◽  
Mi-Ok Kim ◽  
Hyung-Rok Jung ◽  
Hyungjin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
South Korean

Bargaining, Networks, and Management of Municipal Development Subsidies

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsang Ha ◽  
Richard C. Feiock
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Fiscal Impact

This article investigates why cities use fiscal analyses such as cost–benefit analysis and/or fiscal impact analysis to manage offers of economic development incentives to business. We advance an approach to understanding economic development subsidies and control mechanisms that integrate political bargaining and network theories. Municipal bargaining power, institutional incentives, and organizational networks are hypothesized to influence development subsidy decisions. The results confirm that local governments’ bargaining power and political institutions influence the degree to which cities use fiscal analyses. In addition, public/private organizational networks that bridge public and private sectors by linking quasigovernmental organizations and local governments increase information and credibility thus leading to greater use of fiscal analyses.

FDI and Privatization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Local State ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Focal Issue

Chapter 6 extends the analysis of local state actions to the privatization function of FDI. The focal issue is how and why foreign investors were able to overcome centrally imposed regulatory and policy constraints on their entry, expansion, and organization before trade liberalization associated with China’s WTO accession in 2001. Again, rule bending by local governments was the centerpiece of the story. As in the case of locales experiencing early privatization, local officials took calculated political risk by using economic hardship and the benefits of FDI for addressing revenue and employment imperatives as justifications. The extent of their deviations from centrally set boundaries nevertheless varied, depending greatly on the bargaining power of local political leaders vis-à-vis their supervising authorities. In particular, whether a locale was perceived as a major fiscal burden or an important resource contributor to higher-level authorities was an important differentiating factor.

Marine Protected Areas in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Young Kil Park ◽  
Seokwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Government

South Korea has taken steps to achieve the Aichi Target 11 and several pieces of South Korean legislation require the government to make every effort to protect the ocean from pollution and manage conservation consistently. However, protected area coverage is recognized to be well short of target and recent assessment reports reveal that most MPAs are not managed well. The reasons for mismanagement are complex: lack of budget, lack of understanding among local residents and communities, vague jurisdictional boundaries between the regional office of the central government and the local governments, shortage of experts, etc. Therefore, the immediate and primary task for the government is to establish more effective management systems rather than increase the number and areas of the MPAs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Enterprises’ Bargaining Power on the Green Total Factor Productivity Effect of Environmental Regulation—Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengsheng Li ◽  
Yanying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
High Energy ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Dynamic Effects

In response to the ecological and environmental problems caused by high energy consumption and pollution, Chinese governments have raised their concerns and tighten the regulations. Even though local governments have achieved certain degree of success during policy implementation, it is still far from realizing the ultimate goal. Our study fills the gap in the existing literature by exploring the dynamic effects of environmental regulations on enterprises’ green total factor productivity (GTFP) from the perspective of enterprise bargaining power. With data obtained from the industrial pollution database and the Chinese industrial enterprise database, we calculated the GTFP at enterprise level using the Luenberger productivity index. The results from balanced panel data models show that environmental regulations would have negative impacts on enterprise’s GTFP in the short run. However, in the long run, the implementation of environmental policies would achieve the win-win goal in terms of enterprises competitiveness and environmental protection. In addition, indicated by industrial output, tax revenue and number of employees, enterprise bargaining power could weaken the dynamic effects of environmental regulations. Moreover, state ownership, local official changes and weak political constraints would enhance enterprise’s bargaining power and thus reduce the dynamic effects. By focusing on the enterprise’s bargaining power and its heterogeneous factors during policy implementation, our study provides implications for mitigating distortions and improving GTFP.

scholarly journals Relationship between Phobic Anxiety in Work and Leisure Activity Situations, and Optimistic Bias Associated with COVID-19 among South Koreans

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8436
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Kim ◽  
E-Sack Kim
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Optimistic Bias ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
The Government

Because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the public is unable to maintain a proper balance between work and leisure, and an increase in community-based infections is causing severe phobic anxiety. Therefore, the present study investigated the differences in phobic anxiety between work and leisure activities according to optimistic bias among 533 South Korean citizens. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, t-tests, and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the data. The results showed that for leisure activities, women showed a higher perception of phobic anxiety. In addition, the group showing high optimistic bias had a higher perception of phobic anxiety in both work and leisure activity situations. Therefore, support measures to lower phobic anxiety among women are needed at the government level, while support and interest from family members are needed at home. Moreover, local governments must ensure active involvement to mitigate phobic anxiety among individuals, and measures are needed to more actively implement infectious disease prevention behaviors.

scholarly journals Structure, Conduct and Performance of Timber Market in Ife East Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098
Author(s):  
T.O. Babatunde ◽  
O.O. Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Timber Market ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The study focused on the structure, conduct and performance of timber market in Ife-east Local Governments of Oyo state. The major objective of  this study is to assess the marketing pattern of timber in the study areas. The research method used for achieving the general objectives involved Descriptive Statistics and Gini Coefficient. Variations were observed in the price of the timber of the same species but different size because price determination is based on bargaining power. The result showed majority of respondents (58.8%) had secondary education, Muslim was dominant (54.6%) in the timber marketing and majority of marketers had regular supply of their product. . Government policy, high cost of transportation, inadequate credit facilities and high cost of energy and power were some of the constraints faced by timber marketers in the study area. The use of modern equipment and machines are needed to replace the outdated equipment in order to increase the output and profit. The level of access to credit facilities should be improved upon by encouraging the respondent to form cooperative societies so that they can mobilize enough working capital for their business. Keywords: Structure, conduct, Performance, Timber, ife, market

Regional dimensions of the South Korean water-energy nexus

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094946
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Lee ◽  
Hana Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Related Energy ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Energy Intensities

The linkage between water and energy, the water-energy nexus, is site specific. An integrated management approach to both resources begins with understanding a region’s water-energy nexus. This study built an inventory of water and energy consumption in 17 South Korean regions at each stage of the urban water cycle from 2012 to 2017, estimated the water-related energy intensities, and compared those values across regions. Additionally, this study conducted a series of regression analyses to identify the influences of various factors on water-related energy consumption. This study found regional variance in the total energy intensity as well as in the energy intensities at different stages of the water cycle. Both energy consumed and energy intensities generally increased over the study period. The findings show that greater attention should be paid to energy consumption in the water sector, especially in the wastewater treatment sector. In addition, the regression analyses revealed that management of energy intensity is the most impactful way to reduce energy consumption in the water sector. The positive impacts on water pollution and water consumption also bolster the necessity of water conservation efforts. This study presents regional priorities related to the water-energy nexus and provides water-related energy intensity benchmarks that local governments can use. The findings highlight the necessity of an integrated approach to water and energy.

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