Experimental measurement and numerical validation of single tooth stiffness for involute spur gears

Measurement ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 107043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Karpat ◽  
Celalettin Yuce ◽  
Oğuz Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Numerical Validation ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Tooth Stiffness

The torsional stiffness of involute spur gears

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wang ◽  
I Howard
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Adaptive Meshing ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
Element Program ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of torsional stiffness of a pair of involute spur gears in mesh using finite element methods. Adaptive meshing has been employed within a commercial finite element program to reveal the detailed behaviour in the change over region from single- to double-tooth contact zones and vice versa. Analysis of past gear tooth stiffness models is presented including single- and multitooth models of the individual and combined torsional mesh stiffness. The gear body stiffness has been shown to be a major component of the total mesh stiffness, and a revised method for predicting the combined torsional mesh stiffness is presented. It is further shown tha the mesh stiffness and load sharing ratios will be a function of applied load.

scholarly journals An experimental method to measure gear tooth stiffness throughout and beyond the path of contact

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Munro1 ◽  
D Palmer ◽  
L Morrish
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Tooth Pair ◽  
Usual Problem

A method is presented that allows the accurate measurement of the tooth pair stiffness of a pair of spur gears. The method reveals the stiffness behaviour throughout the full length of the normal path of contact and also into the extended contact region when tooth corner contact occurs. The method makes use of the properties of transmission error plots for mean and alternating components over a range of tooth loads (Harris maps). It avoids the usual problem when measuring tooth deflections that deflections of other test rig components are difficult to eliminate. Also included are predicted Harris maps for a pair of high contact ratio spur gears, showing the effects of various simplifying assumptions, together with a measured map.

scholarly journals Investigation of Low-Cycle Bending Fatigue of AISI 9310 Steel Spur Gears

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Handschuh ◽  
Timothy L. Krantz ◽  
Bradley A. Lerch ◽  
Christopher S. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Crack Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation of the low-cycle bending fatigue of spur gears made from AISI 9310 gear steel was completed. Tests were conducted using the single-tooth bending method to achieve crack initiation and propagation. Tests were conducted on spur gears in a fatigue test machine using a dedicated gear test fixture. Test loads were applied at the highest point of single tooth contact. Gear bending stresses for a given testing load were calculated using a linear-elastic finite element model. Test data were accumulated from 1/4 cycle to several thousand cycles depending on the test stress level. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack initiation was found to be semi-logarithmic. The relationship of stress and cycles for crack propagation was found to be linear. For the range of loads investigated, the crack propagation phase is related to the level of load being applied. Very high loads have comparable crack initiation and propagation times whereas lower loads can have a much smaller number of cycles for crack propagation cycles as compared to crack initiation.

Analysis of tooth stiffness of nutation face gear

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangxin Wang ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Meshing Stiffness ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
External Face

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain the single-tooth stiffness, single-tooth time-varying meshing stiffness and comprehensive meshing stiffness of the internal and external face gears and to analyze the influence of the modulus, pressure angle and tooth width of each face gear on the single-tooth stiffness of the gear in nutation face gear transmission. Design/methodology/approach From the point of view of material mechanics, the gear teeth of nutation face gear are simplified as spacial variable cross-section beams. The shear deformation of gear teeth, the bending deformation of tooth root and the additional elastic deformation caused by the base deformation are gotten by simplified trapezoidal section method, thus the stiffness of nutation face gear teeth can be obtained. The comparison with finite element method results verifies the rationality of simplified trapezoidal section method for calculating the tooth stiffness of nutation face gear. Findings The variation of stiffness of internal and external face gears along the meshing line and tooth height in nutation face gear transmission is studied, and the variation laws of single tooth stiffness, single-tooth-pair mesh stiffness and single tooth time-varying meshing stiffness of nutation face gear teeth are obtained. Originality/value Nutation face gear transmission is a new type of transmission. The stiffness of face gear teeth is analyzed, and the variation rules of single tooth stiffness, single-tooth-pair mesh stiffness and single tooth time-varying meshing stiffness of nutation face gear teeth are obtained, which not only enriches the research of nutation face gear transmission but also has important guiding significance for the application of nutation face gear in engineering practice.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Modeling of Multiple Pairs of Spur Gears in Mesh, Including Friction and Geometrical Errors

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxiang Jia ◽  
Ian Howard ◽  
Jiande Wang
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Geometrical Errors ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Profile Errors

This article presents a dynamic model of three shafts and two pair of gears in mesh, with 26 degrees of freedom, including the effects of variable tooth stiffness, pitch and profile errors, friction, and a localized tooth crack on one of the gears. The article also details howgeometrical errors in teeth can be included in a model. The model incorporates the effects of variations in torsional mesh stiffness in gear teeth by using a common formula to describe stiffness that occurs as the gears mesh together. The comparison between the presence and absence of geometrical errors in teeth was made by using Matlab and Simulink models, which were developed from the equations of motion. The effects of pitch and profile errors on the resultant input pinion angular velocity coherent-signal of the input pinion's average are discussed by investigating some of the common diagnostic functions and changes to the frequency spectra results.

scholarly journals A New Successive Forming Process for Large Modulus Gears

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lin ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Guangchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spur Gears ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Forming Quality ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Forming Load ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
New Process ◽  
Plastic Forming ◽  
Good Potential

Abstract A successive tooth forming process for producing large modulus spur gears (m＞2.5 mm) was firstly proposed in this paper to break the restrictions of large forming load and large equipment structure of traditional plastic forming. It contains the preforming stage and finishing stage. In the first stage, the die with a single-tooth preformed gear teeth one by one through several passes. In the second stage, the other die with multi-teeth refined the preformed teeth into required shape. The influence of total pressing depth and feed distribution in preforming stage on final forming quality was analyzed by numerical simulation and the reasonable process parameters had been presented. Gears without fold defects were well formed both in simulations and experiments, proving the feasibility of this method. The new process has advantages of smaller forming load and simpler tooling set, which shows a good potential for manufacturing large modulus spur gears.

An Estimate of Mesh Stiffness and Load Sharing Ratio of a Spur Gear Pair

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Kuang ◽  
Y. T. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Stiffness Constant ◽  
Generating Method ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Tooth Stiffness ◽  
Involute Gears

Abstract A curve fitted tooth stiffness equation was developed to calculate directly the variable gear mesh stiffness. To improve the accuracy, a tooth profile generating method introduced by Litvin (1989) was employed for finite element idealization. A quadratic finite element model was employed in deriving the tooth stiffness constant at the successive positions of a single tooth as it passed through the zone of loading. The developed stiffness equation is applicable to both the standard full-depth or addendum modified involute gears. Variation of the shared loads introduced by the consideration of mesh stiffness was also investigated.

A GENERALIZED METHOD FOR PREDICTING CONTACT STRENGTH, WEAR, AND THE LIFE OF INVOLUTE CONICAL SPUR AND HELICAL GEARS: PART 1. SPUR GEARS

Tribologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Myron CHERNETS
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Frontal Section ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Gear Ring ◽  
Maximum Contact ◽  
Contact Pressures

The paper presents the results of research undertaken to determine maximum contact pressures, wear, and the life of involute conical spur gear, taking into account gear height correction, tooth engagement, and weargenerated changes in the curvature of their involute profile. Moreover, we have established the following: (a) the initial contact pressures are higher in the internal section with double-single-double tooth engagement; (b) the highest values can be observed at the entry of single tooth engagement; (c) the maximal tooth wear of the wheels in the frontal section will be less than half of that in the internal section; (d) profile shift coefficients have an optimum at which the highest gear life is possible; and (e) gear life in the internal section will be less than half of that the frontal section. The calculations were made for a reduced cylindrical gear using a method developed by the authors. The effect of applied conditions of tooth engagement in the frontal and internal sections of a cylindrical gear ring is shown graphically. In addition, optimal correction coefficients ensuring the longest possible gear life are determined.

An analysis of the effect of pressure angle change on bending fatigue performance in asymmetrical spur gears

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110266
Author(s):  
Seyit M Demet ◽  
Ali S Ersoyoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Angle Change ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Torque Values

In this study, the fatigue performances of symmetrical and asymmetrical spur gears were analyzed by performing single tooth bending fatigue tests. The gears tested were determined to be symmetrical spur gears with a 20°/20° pressure angle, asymmetrical spur gears with a 20°/22° pressure angle, and asymmetrical spur gears with a 20°/25° pressure angle. These gears were made of AISI 4140 material. Single tooth bending fatigue tests were performed under variable loads. Considering the tests performed at the same torque values in asymmetrical spur gears with a 20°/22° pressure angle compared to symmetrical spur gears with a 20°/20° pressure angle, a statistically significant increase in performance was achieved at close to 90%. While gears with 20°/20° and 20°/22° pressure angles break at the tooth root, tooth flank fracture was observed in relatively high numbers of cycles in asymmetric spur gears with a 20°/25° pressure angle. It was observed that the formation of tooth flank damage negatively affected the fatigue performance.

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