Methylmercury determination in freshwater biota and sediments: static headspace GC-MS compared to Direct Mercury Analyzer.

Mercury (Hg) fish and seafood contamination is a global concern and needs worldwide sea investigations in order to protect consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the Hg concentration by means of a rapid and simple analytical technique with direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80) in pelagic fish species, Tetrapturus belone (spearfish), Thunnus thynnus (tuna) and Xiphias gladius (swordfish) caught in the Mediterranean Sea. Hg contents were evaluated also in Salmo salar (salmon) as pelagic fish not belonging to the Mediterranean area. The results obtained were variable ranging between 0,015-2,562 mg kg-1 for T. thynnus specie, 0,477-3,182 mg kg-1 for X. gladius, 0,434-1,730 mg kg-1 for T. belone and 0,004-0,019 mg kg-1 for S. salar, respectively. The total Hg tolerable weekly intake (TWI) and % tolerable weekly intake (TWI%) values according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) were calculated. The results highlighted that the pelagic species caught in the Mediterranean Sea should be constantly monitored due to their high Hg contents as well as their TWI and TWI% with respect to S. salar samples.

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Determination of residual solvent in pharmaceutical preparations by static headspace GC

Journal of High Resolution Chromatography ◽

10.1002/jhrc.1240150511 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 329-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Zelda Penton

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Residual Solvent ◽

Headspace Gc

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Headspace GC/MS Analysis of Residual Solvents in Dietary Supplements, Cosmetics, and Household Products Using Ethyl Lactate as a Dissolution Medium

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.19-0260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naeko Sugaya ◽

Mitsuko Takahashi ◽

Katsumi Sakurai ◽

Maiko Tahara ◽

Tsuyoshi Kawakami

Keyword(s):

Headspace Analysis ◽

Ethyl Lactate ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Dissolution Medium ◽

Residual Solvent ◽

Residual Solvents ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Household Products ◽

Two Samples ◽

Headspace Gc

Abstract Background: The static headspace technique is one of the most popular techniques for residual solvent analysis and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are widely use as the dissolution media. Objective: This study aims to establish ethyl lactate (EL), a solvent with low toxicity and less environmental impact, as an alternative dissolution medium to DMSO and DMF for the static headspace analysis of toxic residual solvents in food, cosmetics, and similar complex organic matrices. Methods: Samples (a sample of dietary supplement and two samples each of cosmetics and household products) spiked with benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were dissolved in EL, DMSO, and DMF. Static headspace GC/MS and the standard addition method were used to detect and quantify the residual solvents. Results: The dissolution and dispersion of these samples, especially the ones which were water-insoluble, were better than those in DMSO and DMF. The recoveries, except that of benzene in an aerosol spray, in EL ranged from 77 to 110%. The relative SDs in EL ranged from 2.5 to 11% and were better or equivalent to those in DMSO and DMF. Conclusions: EL was suitable as the dissolution medium for such samples, which may contain large amounts of organic solvents or various ingredients, in static headspace GC/MS analysis of residual solvents.

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Volatiles of Tanacetum macrophyllum Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300727 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Biljana Nikolić ◽

Milić Matović ◽

Marina Todosijević ◽

Jovana Stanković ◽

Mirjana Cvetković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Headspace Gc

Terpene compounds of Tanacetum macrophyllum as 1) essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation (HD), 2) essential oil extracts, obtained by simultaneous hydrodistillation and extraction (SDE) and 3) volatiles, obtained by Static Headspace GC-MS analysis (HS) were processed. Monoterpenes were the most dominant (49.2%, 49.5% and 90.4%, respectively). Profiles of essential oils obtained by HD and SD were quite similar, with oxygenated monoterpenes (39.3% and 39.4%) being the most abundant. In HS volatiles oxygenated monoterpenes also dominated (57.4%). Total sesquiterpenes were abundant in HD and SDE volatiles (38.2% and 39.2%, resp.), where sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were prevalent (27.3% and 28.7%, resp.). Germacrene D was dominant in HD and SDE oils (22.0% and 23.3%, resp.) and 1,8-cineole in HS volatiles (34.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first use of Headspace technique on T. macrophyllum. Furthermore, this is the first comparison of different techniques of volatile extraction in T. macrophyllum.

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A static headspace GC-MS/MS method for the determination of ethanol, iso-butanol, and n -butanol at nanomolar concentrations in aqueous environmental samples

Limnology and Oceanography Methods ◽

10.1002/lom3.10220 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1007-1014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ralph N. Mead ◽

John M. Cala ◽

J. David Felix ◽

Megumi S. Shimizu ◽

Matthew S. Casas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Samples ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Headspace Gc

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Hg Levels in Marine Porifera of Montecristo and Giglio Islands (Tuscan Archipelago, Italy)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10124342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4342

Author(s):

Camilla Roveta ◽

Daniela Pica ◽

Barbara Calcinai ◽

Federico Girolametti ◽

Cristina Truzzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Total Mercury ◽

Additional Data ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Mediterranean Species ◽

Direct Mercury Analyzer ◽

Mercury Analyzer ◽

Main Input ◽

First Time

Porifera are filter-feeding organisms known to bioaccumulate different contaminants in their tissues. The presence of mercury (Hg) has been reported in different Mediterranean species, mainly collected in the southern coast of France. In the present study, mercury concentrations in the tissue of the sponges of Montecristo and Giglio, two islands of Tuscany Archipelago National Park (TANP), are presented for the first time. Analyses of total mercury content were performed by Direct Mercury Analyzer. Statistical differences have been reported in the Hg concentrations of species collected in both islands, but they do not appear related to the anthropic impacts of the islands. Among the collected species, a high intra- and inter-variability have been recorded, with Cliona viridis showing the lowest concentration (0.0167–0.033 mg·kg−1 dry weight), and Chondrosia reniformis and Sarcotragus spinosulus the highest (0.57 ± 0.15 and 0.64 ± 0.01 mg·kg−1 dry weight, respectively). The variability of Hg measured did not allow us to identify sponges as bioindicators of toxic elements. Anyway, these results improve knowledge on the ecosystem of the TANP, underlining the species-specificity of metal concentrations for Porifera, and providing additional data to address the main input of the Marine Strategy guidelines to protect coasts, seas and oceans.

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Dredging Activities Carried Out in a Brazilian Estuary Affect Mercury Levels in Swimming Crabs

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4396

Author(s):

Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues ◽

Rafaela Gomes Ferrari ◽

Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis ◽

Luciano Neves dos Santos ◽

Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

Keyword(s):

Total Mercury ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Consumer Health ◽

Swimming Crab ◽

Health Issues ◽

Guanabara Bay ◽

Direct Mercury Analyzer ◽

Mercury Analyzer

(1) Although suffers from intense pollution inputs, Guanabara Bay, the most socioeconomically and environmentally important estuary in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is still home to a diverse fauna, including several fish and crab species consumed by humans. The bay presents high sedimentation rates and sediment contamination, further aggravated by dredging processes carried out in recent years. In this context, this study aimed to verify the effect of the dredging process on total mercury (THg) concentrations at Guanabara Bay through swimming crab assessments sampled before (2016), during (2017), and after (2018) the dredging process, and mainly, if the detected concentrations can be harmful to consumer health; (2) Methods: Swimming crab samplings were carried out at the same time and sampling points in 2016, 2017 and 2018 and the total Hg was determined using a Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80, Milestone, Bergamo, Italy); (3) Results: Increased Hg concentrations were observed during the dredging process, decreasing to lower values, close to the initial concentrations, at the end of the process. Some of the investigated abiotic factors favor Hg dynamics in the aquatic environment, while others were positively altered at some of the assessed sampling areas at the end of the dredging process; (4) Conclusions: Although crab Hg levels were below maximum permissible limits for human consumption, it is important to note that these animals are significantly consumed around Guanabara Bay, which may lead to public health issues in the long term.

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