Nanostructured implant surface effect on osteoblast gene expression and bone-to-implant contact in vivo

Introduction: We aimed to compare implant osseointegration with calcium phosphate (CaP) surfaces and rough subtractive-treated sandblasted/acid etched surfaces (SA) in an in vivo minipig mandible model. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 cylindrical press-fit implants with two different surfaces (CaP, n = 18; SA, n = 18) were inserted bilaterally into the mandible of 9 adult female minipigs. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, we analyzed the cortical bone-to-implant contact (cBIC; %) and area coverage of bone-to-implant contact within representative bone chambers (aBIC; %). Results: After 2 weeks, CaP implants showed no significant increase in cBIC and aBIC compared to SA (cBIC: mean 38 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 11%; aBIC: mean 21 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 9%). Two CaP implants failed to achieve osseointegration. After 4 weeks, no statistical difference between CaP and SA was seen for cBIC (mean 54 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 16%) and aBIC (mean 43 ± 28 vs. 32 ± 6). However, we excluded two implants in each group due to failure of osseointegration. After 8 weeks, we observed no significant intergroup differences (cBIC: 18 ± 9 vs. 18 ± 20%; aBIC: 13 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9%). Again, three CaP implants and two SA implants had to be excluded due to failure of osseointegration. Conclusion: Due to multiple implant losses, we cannot recommend the oral mandibular minipig in vivo model for future endosseous implant research. Considering the higher rate of osseointegration failure, CaP coatings may provide an alternative to common subtractive implant surface modifications in the early phase post-insertion.

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Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8081198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michele Stocchero ◽

Yohei Jinno ◽

Marco Toia ◽

Marianne Ahmad ◽

Evaggelia Papia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Increase ◽

Element Model ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Metatarsal Bone ◽

Area Fraction ◽

Bone Area ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Necrosis ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

Background: The intraosseous temperature during implant installation has never been evaluated in an in vivo controlled setup. The aims were to investigate the influence of a drilling protocol and implant surface on the intraosseous temperature during implant installation, to evaluate the influence of temperature increase on osseointegration and to calculate the heat distribution in cortical bone. Methods: Forty Brånemark implants were installed into the metatarsal bone of Finnish Dorset crossbred sheep according to two different drilling protocols (undersized/non-undersized) and two surfaces (moderately rough/turned). The intraosseous temperature was recorded, and Finite Element Model (FEM) was generated to understand the thermal behavior. Non-decalcified histology was carried out after five weeks of healing. The following osseointegration parameters were calculated: Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), Bone Area Fraction Occupancy (BAFO), and Bone Area Fraction Occupancy up to 1.5 mm (BA1.5). A multiple regression model was used to identify the influencing variables on the histomorphometric parameters. Results: The temperature was affected by the drilling protocol, while no influence was demonstrated by the implant surface. BIC was positively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol and rough surface, BAFO was negatively influenced by the temperature rise, and BA1.5 was negatively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol. FEM showed that the temperature at the implant interface might exceed the limit for bone necrosis. Conclusion: The intraosseous temperature is greatly increased by an undersized drilling protocol but not from the implant surface. The temperature increase negatively affects the bone healing in the proximity of the implant. The undersized drilling protocol for Brånemark implant systems increases the amount of bone at the interface, but it negatively impacts the bone far from the implant.

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Defining surfaces : Implant topography – a review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13237 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Preeti Satheesh Kumar ◽

Vyoma Venkatesh Grandhi ◽

Vrinda Gupta

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Topography ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Research Publications ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Titanium Dental Implants

BACKGROUND . A variety of claims are made regarding the effects of surface topography on implant osseointegration. The development of implant surfaces topography has been empirical, requiring numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Most of these tests were not standardized, using different surfaces, cell populations or animal models. The exact role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events of the osseointegration of dental implants remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This review considers the major claims made concerning the effects of titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration. The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Important findings of consensus are highlighted, and existing controversies are revealed. METHODS This review considers many of the research publications listed in MEDLINE and presented in biomedical research publications and textbooks. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting acid-etching,alkaline etching, anodization,polymer demixing ,sol gel conversion and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described. RESULTS Many in vitro evaluations are not predictive of or correlated with in vivo outcomes. In some culture models, increased surface topography positively affects pro-osteogenic cellular activities. Many studies reveal increase in bone-to-implant contact,with increased surface topography modifications on implant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Increased implant surface topography improves the bone-to-implant contact and the mechanical properties of the enhanced interface.

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Introducing a Novel Experimental Model for Osseo-Disintegration of Titanium Dental Implants Induced by Monobacterial Contamination: An In-Vivo Feasibility Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14227076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7076

Author(s):

Christian Flörke ◽

Anne-Katrin Eisenbeiß ◽

Ulla Metz ◽

Aydin Gülses ◽

Yahya Acil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Feasible Option ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Mini Pigs ◽

Titanium Dental Implants

Background and Objectives: The aim of the current study was to establish an osseo-disintegration model initiated with a single microorganism in mini-pigs. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 titanium dental implants (3.5 mm in diameter, 9.5 mm in length) was inserted into frontal bone (n: 12) and the basis of the corpus mandible (n: 24). Eighteen implants were contaminated via inoculation of Enterococcus faecalis. Six weeks after implant insertion, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio, interthread bone density (ITBD), and peri-implant bone density (PIBD) were examined. In addition to that, new bone formation was assessed via fluorescence microscopy, histomorphometry, and light microscopical examinations. Results: Compared to the sterile implants, the contaminated implants showed significantly reduced BIC (p < 0.001), ITBD (p < 0.001), and PBD (p < 0.001) values. Around the sterile implants, the green and red fluorophores were overlapping and surrounding the implant without gaps, indicating healthy bone growth on the implant surface, whereas contaminated implants were surrounded by connective tissue. Conclusions: The current experimental model could be a feasible option to realize a significant alteration of dental-implant osseointegration and examine novel surface decontamination techniques without impairing local and systemic inflammatory complications.

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Histological and Nanomechanical Properties of a New Nanometric Hydroxiapatite Implant Surface. An In Vivo Study in Diabetic Rats

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5693

Author(s):

Paula G. F. P. Oliveira ◽

Paulo G. Coelho ◽

Edmara T. P. Bergamo ◽

Lukasz Witek ◽

Cristine A. Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Parameters ◽

Nanomechanical Properties ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Implant Therapy ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

Implant therapy is a predictable treatment to replace missing teeth. However, the osseointegration process may be negatively influenced by systemic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Microtopography and implant surface developments are strategies associated to better bone repair. This study aimed to evaluate, in healthy and diabetic rats, histomorphometric (bone to implant contact = %BIC; and bone area fraction occupancy = %BAFO) and nanomechanical (elastic modulus = EM; and hardness = H) bone parameters, in response to a nanometric hydroxyapatite implant surface. Mini implants (machined = MAC; double acid etched = DAE, and with addition of nano-hydroxyapatite = NANO) were installed in tibias of healthy and diabetic rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days. NANO surface presented higher %BIC and %BAFO when compared to MAC and DAE (data evaluated as a function of implant surface). NANO surface presented higher %BIC and %BAFO, with statistically significant differences (data as a function of time and implant surface). NANO surface depicted higher EM and H values, when compared to machined and DAE surfaces (data as a function of time and implant surface). Nano-hydroxyapatite coated implants presented promising biomechanical results and could be an important tool to compensate impaired bone healing reported in diabetics.

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Histologic and Biomechanical Evaluation of Alumina-Blasted/Acid-Etched and Resorbable Blasting Media Surfaces

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 549-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Estevam A. Bonfante ◽

Charles Marin ◽

Rodrigo Granato ◽

Marcelo Suzuki ◽

Jenni Hjerppe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canine Model ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Surface Time ◽

Biomechanical Evaluation ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus

This study evaluated the early biomechanical fixation and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of an alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE) compared with an experimental resorbable blasting media (RBM) surface in a canine model. Higher texturization was observed for the RBM than for the AB/AE surface, and the presence of calcium and phosphorus was only observed for the RBM surface. Time in vivo and implant surface did not influence torque. For both surfaces, BIC significantly increased from 2 to 4 weeks.

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Impact of simultaneous placement of implant and block bone graft substitute: an in vivo peri-implant defect model

Biomaterials Research ◽

10.1186/s40824-021-00245-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Minh Khai Le Thieu ◽

Amin Homayouni ◽

Lena Ringsby Hæren ◽

Hanna Tiainen ◽

Anders Verket ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alveolar Bone ◽

Bone Graft Substitute ◽

Healing Time ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Bone Fraction ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Implant Treatment ◽

Bone Dimensions

Abstract Background Insufficient bone volume around an implant is a common obstacle when dental implant treatment is considered. Limited vertical or horizontal bone dimensions may lead to exposed implant threads following placement or a gap between the bone and implant. This is often addressed by bone augmentation procedures prior to or at the time of implant placement. This study evaluated bone healing when a synthetic TiO2 block scaffold was placed in circumferential peri-implant defects with buccal fenestrations. Methods The mandibular premolars were extracted and the alveolar bone left to heal for 4 weeks prior to implant placement in six minipigs. Two cylindrical defects were created in each hemi-mandible and were subsequent to implant placement allocated to treatment with either TiO2 scaffold or sham in a split mouth design. After 12 weeks of healing time, the samples were harvested. Microcomputed tomography (MicroCT) was used to investigate defect fill and integrity of the block scaffold. Distances from implant to bone in vertical and horizontal directions, percentage of bone to implant contact and defect fill were analysed by histology. Results MicroCT analysis demonstrated no differences between the groups for defect fill. Three of twelve scaffolds were partly fractured. At the buccal sites, histomorphometric analysis demonstrated higher bone fraction, higher percentage bone to implant contact and shorter distance from implant top to bone 0.5 mm lateral to implant surface in sham group as compared to the TiO2 group. Conclusions This study demonstrated less bone formation with the use of TiO2 scaffold block in combination with implant placement in cylindrical defects with buccal bone fenestrations, as compared to sham sites.

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Histological and Histomorphometric Comparison of Innovative Dental Implants Laser Obtained: Animal Pilot Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081830 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1830

Author(s):

Mastrangelo Filiberto ◽

Botticelli Daniele ◽

Bengazi Franco ◽

Scarano Antonio ◽

Piattelli Adriano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Histomorphometric Analysis ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Response ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Titanium Surfaces

Objective: Evaluation of the in vivo bone response of two innovative titanium surfaces ytterbium laser active fiber obtained (L1-L2) compared to a sandblasted and acid etched (SBAE) during early phase of osseointegration. Material and Methods: Three implant groups with the same macroscopic features were obtained (L1-L2-SBAE) to promote specific surface characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy, profilometric evaluation, X-ray spectrometry, and diffraction analysis were performed. For each group, six implants were placed in the tibiae of three Peli Buey sheep, and histologic, histomorphometric analysis, bone to implant contact (BIC), and the Dynamic Osseointegration index (DOI) were performed. Results: During the early phases of osseointegration, the histological and histomorphometric results showed significant differences between L1-L2-SBAE implants. At 15 and 30 days, histological analysis detected a newly bone formation around all specimens with an higher vital bone in L2 compared to L1 and SBAE both in cortical and in poor-quality marrow bone. At same time, histomorphometric analysis showed significantly higher BIC values in L2 (42.1 ± 2.6 and 82.4 ± 2.2) compared to L1 (5.2 ± 3.1 and 56.2 ± 1.3) and SBAE (23.3 ± 3.9 and 77.3 ± 0.4). DOI medium value showed a higher rate in L2 (2.83) compared to SBAE (2.60) and L1 (1.91). Conclusions: With the limitations of this pilot study, it is possible to assess that the titanium surface characteristics, and not the technologies used to obtain the modification, played a crucial role during the osseointegration process. Histological, histomorphometric, BIC, and DOI evaluation showed a significantly higher rate in L2 specimens compared to others, confirming that the implant surface could increase the bone response in cortical or marrow poor quality bone during the initial phases of osseointegration.

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Histomorphometry of 2 Immediately Loaded Mini Implants Retrieved From Human Mandible After 3 Months: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Report

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (S1) ◽

pp. 280-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donato Di Iorio ◽

Bruna Sinjari ◽

Roberto Cupaiolo ◽

Sergio Caputi ◽

Giovanna Murmura

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Mini Implants ◽

Histologic Evaluation ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

The Right ◽

Grafting Procedure ◽

Scanning Electron

Today, mini implants represent an additional choice for patients and surgeons. They are largely used as anchorage when a severely resorbed mandible is to be rehabilitated with an overdenture, their major advantages being flapless, painless surgery and easy placement in thin alveolar crests without any split-crest or bone-grafting procedure. Unfortunately, the literature provides little information on histomorphometric analysis of immediately loaded mini implants placed in the posterior region of the human mandible. The aim of the present in vivo research is to carry out a histologic evaluation of the bone surrounding 2 mini implants placed in human mandible and immediately loaded with an overdenture after 12 weeks. A patient who underwent extraction of 14 periodontally compromised teeth was selected for the present study. After the extractions, 2 mini implants with ball attachment were placed in sites 19 and 30. Mini implants were immediately loaded with a temporary immediate overdenture. Three months after the extractions, the mini implants were harvested and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. The bone-to-implant contact and the percentage of bone between the threads of the screw were, respectively, 86.3% and 72.6% for the right implant and 69.8% and 71.9 % for the left implant. Newly formed bone between the implant surface and the preexisting bone was present, with poorly represented medullary spaces. Under a scanning electron microscope it was possible to appreciate the presence of well-organized, newly formed lamellar bone with osteons in the areas near the implant body. From the present in vivo report it is possible to state that immediate load applied on mini implants, placed into the posterior regions of the mandible, leads to a clinically and histologically effective osseointegration.

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