A stable USPIO capable for MR lymphography with ultra-low effective dosage

Primary lower limb lymphoedema: classification with non-contrast MR lymphography

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-017-4948-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lionel Arrivé ◽

S. Derhy ◽

B. Dahan ◽

S. El Mouhadi ◽

L. Monnier-Cholley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Mr Lymphography

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Viable and Heat-Killed Probiotic Strains Improve Oral Immunity by Elevating the IgA Concentration in the Oral Mucosa

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-021-02569-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Yang Lin ◽

Yi-Wei Kuo ◽

Ching-Wei Chen ◽

Yu-Fen Huang ◽

Chen-Hung Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

The Body ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Oral Tablet ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Oral Pathogens

AbstractOral-nasal mucosal immunity plays a crucial role in protecting the body against bacterial and viral invasion. Safe probiotic products have been used to enhance human immunity and oral health. In this study, we verified the beneficial effects of mixed viable probiotic tablets, consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9, and Lactobacillus paracasei ET-66, and heat-killed probiotic tablets, consisting of L. salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32 and L. paracasei ET-66, on oral immunity among 45 healthy participants. Participants were randomly divided into viable probiotic, heat-killed probiotic, and placebo groups. The administration of treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6, and Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus mutans populations and IgA concentration were measured. IgA concentrations, levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs cells were quantified by ELISA method. Results showed that salivary IgA levels were significantly increased on administration of both the viable (119.30 ± 12.63%, ***P < 0.001) and heat-killed (116.78 ± 12.28%, ***P < 0.001) probiotics for 4 weeks. Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. The oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced on viable probiotic tablet administration (49.60 ± 31.01%, ***P < 0.001). The in vitro antibacterial test confirmed that viable probiotics effectively limited the survival rate of oral pathogens. Thus, this clinical pilot study demonstrated that oral probiotic tablets both in viable form or heat-killed form could exert beneficial effects on oral immunity via IL-10, TGB-beta mediated IgA secretion. The effective dosage of viable probiotic content in the oral tablet was 109 CFUs/g and the heat-killed oral tablet was 1 × 1010 cells/g.

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MR Lymphography of Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Lymphatic Vessels

American Journal of Roentgenology ◽

10.2214/ajr.07.2047 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 189 (5) ◽

pp. 1051-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

L. Arrivé ◽

L. Azizi ◽

M. Lewin ◽

C. Hoeffel ◽

L. Monnier-Cholley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Mr Lymphography

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Characteristics of sludge reduction in an integrated pretreatment and aerobic digestion process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.228 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 235-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Hwang ◽

H. Jang ◽

M. Lee ◽

J. Song ◽

S. Kim

Keyword(s):

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Reduction Ratio ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Ozone Treatment ◽

Sludge Reduction ◽

Aerobic Digestion ◽

Cake Volume ◽

Sludge Cake ◽

Feasible Alternative

In this study, integrated pretreatments and aerobic digestion processes were investigated in order to provide a feasible alternative that can achieve effective sludge reduction. An ozone treatment in the presence of ionic manganese, a catalyst, increased the sludge reduction ratio three times higher than that of a single ozonation, presumably due to an increase in OH radical production. The ozone treatment yielded the effective sludge reduction ratio with an increasing ozone dosage, and an effective dosage of the catalyst was found to be 4 mg-Mn/g-TS. When a mechanical pretreatment and an ozone/catalyst were applied in a series, the integrated process, even at a half mechanical intensity and a half level of ozone dosage, showed higher and faster sludge reduction than each single process did. In addition, the integrated pretreatment process showed the highest dewaterability of the treated sludges. A ratio of sludge cake generation, which was newly introduced to quantify overall performance of sludge treatment processes, showed that the integrated pretreatment followed by the aerobic digestion yielded approximately a half of the sludge cake volume compared to the single aerobic digestion. Therefore, the integrated pretreatment can be a feasible method for the effective reduction of total suspended solid and the final volume.

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Blue Tansy Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti and Attractant Activity for Ceratitis capitata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x21990194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X2199019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iris Stappen ◽

Juergen Wanner ◽

Nurhayat Tabanca ◽

Ulrich R. Bernier ◽

Paul E. Kendra

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Stationary Phases ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Potential Applications

Blue tansy essential oil (BTEO) ( Tanacetum annuum L.) was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID using two different capillary column stationary phases. Sabinene (14.0%), camphor (13.6%), myrcene (8.0%), β-pinene (7.7%), and chamazulene (6.9%) were the main components using an SE52 column (non-polar). On a polar CW20M phase column, sabinene (15.1%), camphor (14.4%), α-phellandrene (7.9%), β-pinene (7.7%), and myrcene (6.9%) were the most abundant compounds. To assess the oil for potential applications in integrated pest management strategies, behavioral bioassays were conducted to test for repellency against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for attractant activity for Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Results showed that BTEO was not effective in repelling Ae. aegypti (minimum effective dosage [MED]: 0.625 ± 0.109 mg/cm2 compared with the standard insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). In assays with male C. capitata, BTEO displayed mild attraction compared with two positive controls (essential oils from tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and African ginger bush Tetradenia riparia). Additional studies are needed to identify the specific attractant chemicals in BTEO and to determine if they confer a synergistic effect when combined with other known attractants for C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of BTEO for repellency against the mosquito vector Ae. aegypti and for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.

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Specific Susceptibility to HCN and the amount of HCN recovered from Fumigated Insects

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300025414 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 399-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Pradhan ◽

S. C. Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Water Content ◽

Relative Position ◽

Surface Resistance ◽

Internal Resistance ◽

Effective Resistance ◽

The Body ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Adult Females ◽

The Dead

The relationship was studied between susceptibility of a number of different species of insects to HCN fumigation and the recovery of HCN from them immediately after fumigation.The test insects used were Tribolium castaneum, seventh stage caterpillars of Corcyra cephalonica, first-and second-instar nymphs of Drosicha sp., third-and fourthinstar nymphs of Drosicha sp. and adult females of Drosicha sp.The apparatus and methods used in the fumigation and in the recovery of HCN from the fumigated insects are fully described.Preliminary expsriments showed that the processes of distillation and redistillation did not affect the recovery of HCN but that the result obtained for recovery from distillation could be affected if some volatile reducing substance were produced and carried over to the distillate. It was found that this did actually take place in the case of one of the test insects—T. castaneum—but that redistillation got rid of the impurity.In the main experiments it was shown that, on the assumption that the concentration of HCN to which insects are exposed is the effective dosage, the susceptibility of the test insects varied in the following descending order : firstand second-stage nymphs of Drosicha sp. > third- and fourth-stage nymphs of Drosicha sp.>C. cephalonica> T. castaneum>the adult females of Drosicha sp.When the same insects were arranged in descending order of the quantities of HCN recovered per 100 gm. of body weight, the order was identical except for the nymphs of Drosicha sp. which occupied a different relative position. The two categories of nymphs of Drosicha sp. were found to occupy a different relative position again with regard to the other three test insects when exposed to a superlethal concentration and assessed for recovery of HCN per 100 gr. body weight.Parallel batches of T. castaneum and C. cephalonica were fumigated and the HCN was recovered from the dead and survivors. More HCN was recovered from the dead insects than from those that survived.Both recovery and sorption of HCN were estimated separately in parallel batches of insects (adult females of Drosicha sp. and C. cephalonica). Recovery was found to be less than sorption showing that a part of the HCN absorbed is converted into a non-recoverable state. Further, that the weight of HCN sorbed per gram body weight of adult females of Drosicha sp. is much less than in the case of C. cephalonica under similar conditions of fumigation and that the amount of HCN converted into non-recoverable products is less in Drosicha adults than in C. cephalonica.A comparison of the water content of T. castaneum, C. cephalonica and Drosicha sp. (adults) showed that there was a positive correlation between water content and higher susceptibility to HCN and greater recovery of HCN was also indicated. It is suggested that this may be a factor in the “ Surface Resistance ” of an insec to a fumigant.The observations of previous workers that larger amounts are sorbed by or recovered (after fumigation) from more susceptible species than for those less susceptible was corroborated by the results obtained with C. cephalonica, T. castaneum and adult females of Drosicha sp. but not with those from nymphs of Drosicha sp.When dosage-mortality graphs were prepared by taking the amount of HCN recovered per gram body weight as an index of internal dose, the order of resistance of different test insects based on this new criterion was found to be entirely different from that based on the usual criterion of the concentration of HCN in the fumatorium being the index of effective dosage.These apparently anomalous observations may be explained by assuming that the resistance shown by an insect in an actual fumigation operation, i.e., to the concentration of HCN to which it is exposed (external dose) is what may be called the total “ Effective Resistance ” and that this “ Effective Resistance ” is the resultant of (a) “ Surface Resistance ” to the entry of fumigant and (b) “ Internal Resistance ” to the amount of HCN which actually gains entry into the body in some way or other. Thus the “Effective Resistance ” of an insect may be due to a combination either of low “ Surface Resistance ” and high “ Internal Resistance ”, giving a very low “ Effective Resistance ” as in the case of C. cephalonica, or vice versa giving the maximum “ Effective Resistance ” as in adult females of Drosicha sp. The lower recovery of HCN from the nymphs of Drosicha sp., although they were more susceptible to fumigation than C. cephalonica, is explained by their higher “ Surface Resistance ” combined with a very much lower “ Internal Resistance ”, leading to a lower “ Effective Resistance ”.

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Letter: Effective dosage of tricyclic antidepressants.

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.1.5949.91-b ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 1 (5949) ◽

pp. 91-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A Copper ◽

S Montgomery ◽

W H Lyle

Keyword(s):

Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽

Effective Dosage

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The role of RAP1 in the regulation of the MAT alpha locus

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.11.2.1069-1079.1991 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1069-1079

Author(s):

D Giesman ◽

L Best ◽

K Tatchell

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Consensus Sequence ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Yeast Genome ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Lacz Gene

The RAP1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an abundant DNA-binding protein, also known as GRF1, TBA, or TUF, that binds to many sites in the yeast genome in vitro. These sites define a consensus sequence, [sequence: see text], and deletion analyses of genes that contain this sequence have implicated the involvement of RAP1 in numerous cellular processes, including gene activation and repression. The MAT alpha locus, required for determination of the alpha cell type in yeast cells, contains a RAP1 binding site; this site coincides with the MAT alpha upstream activating sequence (UAS) and is necessary for expression of the two genes encoded by the MAT alpha locus, MAT alpha 1 and MAT alpha 2. We show that the MAT alpha UAS is sufficient to activate transcription from a promoterless gene fusion of the yeast CYC1 upstream region and the lacZ gene. Constructs containing only the MAT alpha UAS generated elevated levels of beta-galactosidase activity which were indistinguishable from those of constructs containing the entire MAT alpha intergenic region. Further, the MAT alpha UAS has an intrinsic polarity of transcriptional activation; transcription of CYC1-lacZ was six- to sevenfold higher when the UAS was oriented in the direction normally associated with MAT alpha 2 transcription. Point mutations in the MAT alpha UAS that reduce MAT alpha expression three- to fivefold resulted in a bi-mating phenotype, while a mutation that reduced MAT alpha expression still further resulted in an a-mating phenotype. We isolated plasmids from a high-copy-number yeast library that suppressed the bi-mating defect of point mutations in the MAT alpha UAS, and the most effective dosage suppressor contained the gene encoding RAP1. A temperature-sensitive rap1 mutant bi-mates at the semipermissive temperature. Double mutants at rap1 and mat alpha mate exclusively as a cells, at all temperatures, and do not express detectable levels of MAT alpha RNA. These data provide evidence that the RAP1 gene product functions at the MAT alpha UAS in vivo.

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Development and Characterization of Orally Dissolving Tablet of a Poorly Soluble Antiemetic Drug

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00384 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2172-2178

Author(s):

Beena P ◽

Arun G Krishnan ◽

Nisha Ullas ◽

Chippy S Pillai ◽

Sam C Mathew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Effective Dosage ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Antiemetic Drug ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Dispersible Tablet ◽

Poorly Soluble ◽

Tablet Preparation ◽

Compression Characteristics

The aim of present work is to prepare the orally dissolving tablets of poorly soluble Ondransetron Hydrochloride as its soluble form by adopting complexation method using different superdisintegrants alone and in combination. The growing importance of orally dissolving tablet was underlined recently when European Pharmacopoeia adopted the term “Oro dispersible tablet” as a tablet that to be placed in the mouth where it disperses rapidly before swallowing. Their characteristic advantages such as administration without water anywhere, anytime lead to their suitability to geriatric and paediatric patients. The complex prepared was showed better solubility in simulated salivary PH of 6.8. The pre compression characteristics of drug, drug with Beta cyclodextrin and final blend were evaluated with respect to standards. Results of the study showed that the optimized tablet with combination of superdisintegrants (2.5% crosspovidone, 3.5% sodium starch glycolate) showed hardness of 3.5Kg/Cm2, thickness 2.10mm, wetting time 18 sec, drug content 99.15%, disintegration time 20sec, in-vitro dispersion time 25sec, in-vitro drug release of 89.59% (in 3min) and percentage of drug permeation as 89.45% (in 5 min) and it is comparable with higher percentage of superdisintegrants used for tablet preparation. So this method was a promising approach for developing cost effective dosage form with high efficacy in treatment.

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