Towards ARTEM-IS: Design Guidelines for evidence-based EEG methodology reporting tools

ABSTRACTThe paper considers a process of developing evidence-based design guidelines to be used in environments where people with dementia and sight loss are living. The research involved a systematically conducted literature review and a series of consultations with people affected by dementia and/or sight loss who lived or worked in care homes or in domestic settings. Findings from the literature and the consultations were used in an iterative process to develop the guidelines. The process is outlined, providing examples from the guidelines about lighting and colour and contrast. In discussing the research findings and the development process, the authors consider implications of the work including the weakness of the evidence base, the challenges of improving this and the need for innovative approaches to understanding the complexities of design for people with dementia and sight loss. They highlight the emphasis in the literature on independence for people with sight loss and the focus on control of people with dementia, arguing that this falls short of a genuinely person-centred approach, which recognises the active participation of people with dementia and sight loss.

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Evidence-based design and evaluation of a whole genome sequencing clinical report for the reference microbiology laboratory

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4218 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4218 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Anamaria Crisan ◽

Geoffrey McKee ◽

Tamara Munzner ◽

Jennifer L. Gardy

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequencing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Report ◽

Test Results ◽

Design Elements ◽

Genomic Test ◽

Design Preferences

Background Microbial genome sequencing is now being routinely used in many clinical and public health laboratories. Understanding how to report complex genomic test results to stakeholders who may have varying familiarity with genomics—including clinicians, laboratorians, epidemiologists, and researchers—is critical to the successful and sustainable implementation of this new technology; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines for designing such a report in the pathogen genomics domain. Here, we describe an iterative, human-centered approach to creating a report template for communicating tuberculosis (TB) genomic test results. Methods We used Design Study Methodology—a human centered approach drawn from the information visualization domain—to redesign an existing clinical report. We used expert consults and an online questionnaire to discover various stakeholders’ needs around the types of data and tasks related to TB that they encounter in their daily workflow. We also evaluated their perceptions of and familiarity with genomic data, as well as its utility at various clinical decision points. These data shaped the design of multiple prototype reports that were compared against the existing report through a second online survey, with the resulting qualitative and quantitative data informing the final, redesigned, report. Results We recruited 78 participants, 65 of whom were clinicians, nurses, laboratorians, researchers, and epidemiologists involved in TB diagnosis, treatment, and/or surveillance. Our first survey indicated that participants were largely enthusiastic about genomic data, with the majority agreeing on its utility for certain TB diagnosis and treatment tasks and many reporting some confidence in their ability to interpret this type of data (between 58.8% and 94.1%, depending on the specific data type). When we compared our four prototype reports against the existing design, we found that for the majority (86.7%) of design comparisons, participants preferred the alternative prototype designs over the existing version, and that both clinicians and non-clinicians expressed similar design preferences. Participants showed clearer design preferences when asked to compare individual design elements versus entire reports. Both the quantitative and qualitative data informed the design of a revised report, available online as a LaTeX template. Conclusions We show how a human-centered design approach integrating quantitative and qualitative feedback can be used to design an alternative report for representing complex microbial genomic data. We suggest experimental and design guidelines to inform future design studies in the bioinformatics and microbial genomics domains, and suggest that this type of mixed-methods study is important to facilitate the successful translation of pathogen genomics in the clinic, not only for clinical reports but also more complex bioinformatics data visualization software.

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Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9402

Author(s):

Wendy McWilliam ◽

Andreas Wesener ◽

Anupriya Sukumar ◽

Robert D. Brown

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Design Education ◽

Landscape Architecture ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Spatial Form ◽

Final Design ◽

Evidential Theory

There is a high and growing incidence of skin cancer associated with overexposure to the sun. Most of a person’s exposure occurs during their first eighteen years of life. While many children are taught to wear hats and sunscreen, studies indicate these are inadequate. There is a pressing need to improve the design of our landscapes to reduce exposure. Landscape architects can play a key role in driving this process, but only if they understand the factors determining sun protection behaviours among children in the landscape, and how to design for these. We introduced a systematic evidence-based teaching approach to landscape architecture students in New Zealand where the incidence of skin cancer is one of the highest in the world. In this paper, we describe the methods we used to integrate scientific information into a creative design process that included four design phases: (1) review, summary and translation of evidential theory into design guidelines; (2) inventory and analysis of existing schoolyard; (3) redesign of schoolyard; and (4) final design evaluation. We found this process was effective in developing student appreciation for the need to improve sun protection through design, for increasing their understanding of the evidential science, in addition to developing their ability to translate, often inaccessible, evidential data into its spatial form implications. Furthermore, the process led to a high degree of confidence and pride among many students as their resulting design solutions were not only supported by evidence but were often highly creative. Such evidence-based design courses are essential for preparing future landscape architects to design landscapes that significantly reduce the incidence and health effects of skin cancer.

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Evidence-Based Design and Evaluation of a Whole Genome Sequencing Clinical Report for the Reference Microbiology Laboratory

10.1101/199570 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anamaria Crisan ◽

Geoffrey McKee ◽

Tamara Munzner ◽

Jennifer L. Gardy

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequencing ◽

Online Survey ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Report ◽

Test Results ◽

Design Elements ◽

Genomic Test ◽

Design Preferences

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicrobial genome sequencing is now being routinely used in many clinical and public health laboratories. Understanding how to report complex genomic test results to stakeholders who may have varying familiarity with genomics – including clinicians, laboratorians, epidemiologists, and researchers – is critical to the successful and sustainable implementation of this new technology; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines for designing such a report in the pathogen genomics domain. Here, we describe an iterative, human-centered approach to creating a report template for communicating tuberculosis (TB) genomic test results.MethodsWe used Design Study Methodology – a human centered multi-stage approach drawn from the information visualization domain – to redesign an existing clinical report. We used expert consults and an online questionnaire to discover various stakeholders’ needs around the types of data and tasks related to TB that they encounter in their daily workflow. We also evaluated their perceptions of and familiarity with genomic data, as well as its utility at various clinical decision points. These data shaped the design of multiple prototype reports that were compared against the existing report through a second online survey, with the resulting qualitative and quantitative data informing the final, redesigned, report.ResultsWe recruited 78 participants, 65 of whom were clinicians, nurses, laboratorians, researchers, and epidemiologists involved in TB diagnosis, treatment, and/or surveillance. Our first survey indicated that participants were largely enthusiastic about genomic data, with the majority agreeing on its utility for certain TB diagnosis and treatment tasks and many reporting some confidence in their ability to interpret this type of data (between 58.8% and 94.1%, depending on the specific data type). When we compared our four prototype reports against the existing design, we found that for the majority (86.7%) of design comparisons, participants preferred the alternative prototype designs over the existing version, and that both clinicians and non-clinicians expressed similar design preferences. Participants articulated clearer design preferences when asked to compare individual design elements versus entire reports. Both the quantitative and qualitative data informed the design of a revised report, which is available online as a LaTeX template.ConclusionsWe show how a human-centered design approach integrating quantitative and qualitative feedback can be used to design an alternative report for representing complex microbial genomic data. We suggest experimental and design guidelines to inform future design studies in the bioinformatics and microbial genomics domains, and suggest that this type of mixed-methods study is important to facilitate the successful translation of pathogen genomics in the clinic, not only for clinical reports but also more complex bioinformatics data visualization software.

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Developing Evidence-Based Design Guidelines for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Rooms That Meet the Needs of Staff, Patients, and Visitors

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586719856009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 145-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Steven A. Lavender ◽

Carolyn M. Sommerich ◽

Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders ◽

Kevin D. Evans ◽

Jing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Staff ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Hospital Patient ◽

Patient Room ◽

Occupational Groups ◽

Room Design ◽

The Family ◽

Design Conflicts ◽

And Storage

Objectives: This research investigated medical/surgical (Med/Surg) patient room design to accommodate the needs of hospital staff, while at the same time accommodating the needs of patients and their visitors. Background: Designing hospital patient rooms that provide a comfortable healing experience for patients, while at the same time meeting the needs of the hospital staff, is a challenging process. Prior research has shown that many hospital patient room designs adversely affect the ability of hospital staff to perform their tasks effectively, efficiently, and safely. Method: Twenty-seven design sessions were conducted in which 104 participants, representing 24 different occupations, worked in small mixed occupational groups to design an ideal single patient Med/Surg patient room to fit their collective needs using a full-scale mock-up. During analysis, the investigators reduced the resulting 27 room designs to 5 hybrid designs that were sequentially reviewed by patients and visitors and by staff to address design conflicts. Results: This design process identified 51 desirable room design features that were incorporated into 66 evidence-based design guidelines for the different areas within the Med/Surg patient room including the entry way (16 guidelines), the patient clinical area (22 guidelines), the bathroom (17 guidelines), the family area (8 guidelines), and storage areas for patients and their visitors (3 guidelines). Conclusions: The guidelines developed through this study identified many opportunities for improving the design of hospital Med/Surg rooms to allow staff to be more effective, efficient, and safer, while at the same time addressing the design needs of patients and their visitors.

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Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a Crisis Shelter Garden and Application of Findings Through the Use of a Participatory Design Process

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586718812444 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 153-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria L. Lygum ◽

Dorthe V. Poulsen ◽

Dorthe Djernis ◽

Hanne G. Djernis ◽

Ulrik Sidenius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Participatory Design ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽

Therapeutic Setting ◽

User Groups ◽

Women And Children ◽

Crisis Shelters ◽

Further Development

Objective: This study concerned optimization of an evidence-based crisis shelter garden as a setting for everyday activities and nature-based therapy. The study hereby tested the design guidelines that the garden is based on. Background: Design guidelines for gardens intended to support health are becoming increasingly specialized, targeting different user groups. This study contributes to the knowledge concerning health-supporting garden design at crisis shelters for women and children who are exposed to domestic violence. Method: The study included a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) consisting of landscape analyses, observation of physical traces, and interviews as well as a subsequent participatory design process. Results: The landscape analyses and the observation of physical traces indicated a minimal level of maintenance and recurrent use being limited to a few areas of the garden. The interviews added nuance and new issues to these results, resulting in the following themes: maintenance, accessibility, safety, therapeutic setting and free space, many ways to play, and social and private spheres. The participatory design process led to an optimization of the garden, including changes to its physical design related to making the garden safer, positively distractive, and more versatile in terms of activities. Improvements were also made regarding policy for use, maintenance, and informing users. Conclusion: The design guidelines were tested, and the evidence was strengthened, adding nuance and new issues to consider during further development of the guidelines. Both the POE and the participatory design process were confirmed as crucial aspects of evidence-based health design.

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Development of Evidence-Based Rehabilitation Practice in Botanical Garden for People With Mental Health Disorders

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/19375867211007941 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193758672110079

Author(s):

Maja Vujcic Trkulja ◽

Jelena Tomicevic-Dubljevic ◽

Dusica Lecic Tosevski ◽

Olivera Vukovic ◽

Oliver Toskovic

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Conditions

Aim: This article aims to make clearer, with supporting evidence, the clinical benefits of the nature-based rehabilitation program (NBRP) and the restorative values of visiting botanical garden for people with stress-related mental disorders. Background: Throughout the years, nature-based therapy has been acknowledged as a valuable rehabilitation practice that integrates specially designed natural environments and nature-related activities for people with mental health conditions. Subject and Methods: The comparative analyses of parallel conducted the NBRP at botanical garden and occupational therapy realised at the Day Hospital of the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade included 27 participants divided into two groups. The data collection employed a mixed method combining a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale and on-site observations. Results: The positive findings on the psychological recovery of the participants seem to be related to NBRP. The restorative potential of the garden was recognized through the observed interaction between participants and the natural entities employed through the various themed activities. The observed landscape elements especially solitary plant specimens or tall and single-form trees within the garden can be embraced as design guidelines for the development of an evidence-based practice that can support the recovery process of people with mental health conditions. Conclusion: Our findings endorse that ongoing social development and progressive urbanization have broadened the interest in scientific research involving nature-based solutions that help preserve the physical and mental health of people in low- and middle-income Western Balkan countries with a high prevalence of mental disorders in the urban environment that relates to social inequalities and natural disasters.

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Psychosocially Supportive Design: The Case for Greater Attention to Social Space Within the Pediatric Hospital

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586717731739 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 151-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rebecca McLaughlan

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Space ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Well Being ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Pediatric Hospital ◽

Psychosocial Needs ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Working Definition

Objective: Models of patient and family-centered care advocate catering to psychosocial needs when designing healthcare facilities yet there is little evidence available to determine how the built environment can cater to psychosocial needs. This article highlights the obstacles to overcoming this knowledge deficit in the pursuit of evidence-based guidelines to inform social provisions within the pediatric hospital setting. It will propose a working definition for psychosocial space and identify new research directions to enhance understandings of the relationship between social space and well-being. Background: While traditional multibed ward configurations afforded opportunities for peer support relationships to develop, both for patients and caregivers, the contemporary preference for single-occupancy rooms intensifies the need to critically examine social spaces within the pediatric hospital. Methods: Research suggests a correlation between social support and well-being. This article reviews the research underpinning contemporary understandings of this relationship; it positions literature from sociology, environmental psychology, and evidence-based design to highlight the limitations of this knowledge and identify where additional research is required to inform evidence-based design guidelines for psychosocially supportive spaces within pediatric healthcare settings. Conclusions: Evidence regarding the therapeutic value of social support within the pediatric hospital is not sufficiently sophisticated or conclusive to inform guidelines for the provision of social space with pediatric hospitals. There is an urgent need for targeted research to inform evidence-based design guidelines; this will demand a broad disciplinary approach.

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Healthy by Design: Utilizing Choice Architecture to Improve Food Environments

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa051_015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 718-718

Author(s):

Anja Mikic

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Well Being ◽

Food Choices ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Choice Architecture ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Food Environments ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Rating Systems ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives To codify evidence-based design strategies and best practices for designing food environments that make the healthiest choice the easiest choice. Methods Choice architecture refers to the practice of influencing choice by “organizing the context in which people make decisions.” Designers and architects are well-versed in choice architecture as it pertains to active design guidelines, such as the placement and promotion of stairs to encourage movement. However, there is little guidance on how to incorporate choice architecture interventions to nudge food choices and promote the health and well-being of the individuals who work, learn and live in these spaces. The WELL Building Standard version 2™ (WELL v2™) pilot is a global building certification program that addresses the intersection of health and the built environment across ten concepts. The WELL Nourishment concept codifies several evidence-based choice architecture interventions in an effort to empower architects and designers to construct dining spaces and eating environments conducive to health. WELL requires that fruits and vegetables are positioned in high-visibility locations to optimize their visibility and selection, recommends optimal dishware sizes to help guide appropriate portion sizes and reduce food waste, and promotes healthy food choices through intentional menu design. Results There are over 4000 projects currently applying the design, policy and operational strategies of WELL, encompassing over 500 million square feet across 58 countries. Each project is committed to optimizing the food environment through various choice architecture strategies designed to make the healthiest choice the easiest choice. Post-occupancy survey data from certified projects will help elucidate the impact of the design of our built spaces on human health and inform the continuous evolution of the standard. Conclusions Building standards and rating systems are guiding the future of our built world and how we interact with the spaces in which we spend the majority of our time. We must continue to educate and empower designers and architects to create healthy eating environments. Funding Sources None.

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Abstraction: An alternative neurocognitive account of recognition, prediction, and decision making

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19003017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie F. Reyna ◽

David A. Broniatowski

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Software Engineering ◽

Systems Engineering ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Trace Theory ◽

Fuzzy Trace Theory ◽

Abstract Representations ◽

Technical Systems

Abstract Gilead et al. offer a thoughtful and much-needed treatment of abstraction. However, it fails to build on an extensive literature on abstraction, representational diversity, neurocognition, and psychopathology that provides important constraints and alternative evidence-based conceptions. We draw on conceptions in software engineering, socio-technical systems engineering, and a neurocognitive theory with abstract representations of gist at its core, fuzzy-trace theory.

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