A design implementation of the Central Process Module for an In-Beam PET in HICTD

Worry is a central process in a wide range of psychopathological and somatic conditions. Three studies (N = 856) were used to test whether a subscale composed of five items of the most commonly used trait anxiety questionnaire, Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait version (STAI-T), is appropriate to measure worry. Results showed that the subscale, named the Brief Worry Scale (BWS), had excellent internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent and divergent validity were supported by correlation analyses using worry questionnaires and measures of anxious arousal and depression. The BWS was a particularly good predictor of the pathogenic aspects of worry, including worry perseveration in daily life (study 1), measures of clinical worry (study 2) and the uncontrollability of experimentally induced worry (study 3). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the BWS might be a valuable scale for pathological worry, for which many researchers already have data.

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Community dynamics in highland watersheds

10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dean Jacobsen ◽

Olivier Dangles

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Community Organization ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Central Process ◽

Spatial Variables ◽

Research Areas ◽

Local Extinctions ◽

Metacommunity Dynamics ◽

Natural Communities

Chapter 6 presents the interaction between space and time in determining the organization of natural communities in high altitude heterogeneous waterscapes. After explaining why high altitude waters represent suitable models for examining metacommunity organization, the chapter focuses on dispersal—a central process to allow colonization and establishment of populations in remote localities and to counter local extinctions. Community organization patterns are then described for a variety of organisms living in high altitude waters, from microbes to invertebrates to fish and birds. These patterns reveal that both environmental and spatial variables are generally involved in species assembling. Examples of studies on directional spatial processes (e.g. through wind and water flow), waterscape genetics, and temporal variability (synchrony/asynchrony) are highlighted as promising research areas to increase the current knowledge on high altitude metacommunity dynamics.

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Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are integral to nitrogen cycling in a highly fertile agricultural soil

ISME Communications ◽

10.1038/s43705-021-00020-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laibin Huang ◽

Seemanti Chakrabarti ◽

Jennifer Cooper ◽

Ana Perez ◽

Sophia M. John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycle ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Central Process ◽

Soil Nitrification ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractNitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, carried out by a complex network of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Nitrification is responsible for significant nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions and thought to impede plant nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. However, the actual contribution of each nitrifier group to net rates and N2O emissions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that highly fertile agricultural soils with high organic matter mineralization rates could allow a detailed characterization of N cycling in these soils. Using a combination of molecular and activity measurements, we show that in a mixed AOA, AOB, and comammox community, AOA outnumbered low diversity assemblages of AOB and comammox 50- to 430-fold, and strongly dominated net nitrification activities with low N2O yields between 0.18 and 0.41 ng N2O–N per µg NOx–N in cropped, fallow, as well as native soil. Nitrification rates were not significantly different in plant-covered and fallow plots. Mass balance calculations indicated that plants relied heavily on nitrate, and not ammonium as primary nitrogen source in these soils. Together, these results imply AOA as integral part of the nitrogen cycle in a highly fertile agricultural soil.

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Open Multicentre Study of the P 2T Receptor Antagonist AR-C69931MX Assessing Safety, Tolerability and Activity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615596 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (03) ◽

pp. 401-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

Keith Oldroyd ◽

Robert Wilcox ◽

Robert Storey ◽

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Antithrombotic Agent ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Central Process ◽

Impedance Aggregometry ◽

Safety Parameters ◽

Coronary Syndromes

SummaryPlatelet aggregation is the central process in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes. ADP contributes to thrombosis by activating platelets, and AR-C69931MX is a specific antagonist of this process acting at the P 2T receptor. At 5 hospitals, 39 patients with unstable angina or non-Q wave myocardial infarction, who were receiving aspirin and heparin, were administered intravenous AR-C69931MX with stepped dose increments over 3 h to a plateau of either 2 μg/kg/min for 21 h (Part 1; n = 12) or up to 69 h (Part 2; n = 13) or 4 μg/kg/min for up to 69 h (Part 3: n = 14). Safety parameters, platelet aggregation (PA) induced by ADP 3 μmol/L (impedance aggregometry), bleeding time (BT) and plasma concentrations of AR-C69931XX were assessed. AR-C69931MX was well tolerated. 33 patients completed the study. There were no deaths at 30 days and no serious adverse events attributed to AR-C69931MX. Trivial bleeding (56%) was common. At 24 h, mean inhibition of PA was 96.0 ± 8.6, 94.9 ± 14.4 and 98.7 ± 2.1% and BT was 9.5 ± 8.4, 14.0 ± 9.7 and 16.0 ± 11.1 min for Parts 1, 2 and 3 respectively. At 1 h post-infusion, mean inhibition of PA was 36.2 ± 39.2, 20.7 ± 25.9 and 40.7 ± 36.7% respectively. 90% patients had a plasma half-life for AR-C69931XX of 9 min. In conclusion, AR-C69931MX is a potent, short-acting platelet ADP receptor antagonist suitable for further studies as an antithrombotic agent.

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Fucoidan Structure and Its Impact on Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Diabetes and Cancer Therapy

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19010030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Blessing Mabate ◽

Chantal Désirée Daub ◽

Samkelo Malgas ◽

Adrienne Lesley Edkins ◽

Brett Ivan Pletschke

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Limited Data ◽

Central Process ◽

Diabetes Therapy ◽

Research Attention ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

The Past

Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds which consist of considerable proportions of L-fucose and other monosaccharides, and sulphated ester residues. The search for novel and natural bioproduct drugs (due to toxicity issues associated with chemotherapeutics) has led to the extensive study of fucoidan due to reports of it having several bioactive characteristics. Among other fucoidan bioactivities, antidiabetic and anticancer properties have received the most research attention in the past decade. However, the elucidation of the fucoidan structure and its biological activity is still vague. In addition, research has suggested that there is a link between diabetes and cancer; however, limited data exist where dual chemotherapeutic efforts are elucidated. This review provides an overview of glucose metabolism, which is the central process involved in the progression of both diseases. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and show the relevance of fucoidan and its derivatives as a candidate for both cancer and diabetes therapy.

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A Continuous-Flow Model for Phonatory Reaction Time

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3403.517 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 517-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Carole Ferrand ◽

Gordon W. Blood ◽

Harvey R. Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Vocal Fold ◽

Flow Model ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Central Process ◽

Brain Potentials ◽

Time Task ◽

Vocal Fold Vibration ◽

Yield Information

The purpose of this study was to validate a proposed continuous-flow model of phonatory reaction time by investigating the temporal order of selected laryngeal and neurophysiological events involved in a phonatory reaction time task. Ten normal speakers participated in a phonatory reaction time task. Laryngeal positioning movements prior to vocal fold closure (laryngeal shift) and onset of vocal fold vibration (acoustic onset) were recorded with an electroglottograph. P300 brain potentials were collected simultaneously, and they served as an index of a central process underlying reaction time. The obtained temporal ordering of laryngeal shift, P300, and acoustic onset supported a continuous-flow model of phonatory reaction time. Use of this model might yield information that is more accurate in explaining physiological function and more precise in describing temporal patterning than the serial model.

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Viral strategies of manipulating autophagy to benefit infection

10.20944/preprints201905.0126.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ho Him Wong ◽

Sumana Sanyal

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Critical Role ◽

Intracellular Pathogens ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Central Process ◽

Conservation Of Energy ◽

Evolutionarily Conserved ◽

Cellular Defence ◽

Host Metabolism ◽

Fine Tune

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved central process in host metabolism. Among its major functions are conservation of energy during starvation, recycling organelles, and turnover of long-lived proteins. Besides, autophagy plays a critical role in removing intracellular pathogens and very likely represents a primordial intrinsic cellular defence mechanism. More recent findings indicate that it has not only retained its ability to degrade intracellular pathogens, but also functions to augment and fine tune antiviral immune responses. Interestingly, viruses have also co-evolved strategies to manipulate this pathway and use it to their advantage. Particularly intriguing is infection-dependent activation of autophagy with positive stranded (+)RNA virus infections, which benefit from the pathway without succumbing to lysosomal degradation. In this review we summarise recent data on viral manipulation of autophagy, with a particular emphasis on +RNA viruses and highlight key unanswered questions in the field that we believe merit further attention.

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ENGINEERING DESIGN: STRUCTURE, VALUE AND ASSESSMENT

Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA) ◽

10.24908/pceea.v0i0.3762 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Ian Yellowly

Keyword(s):

Engineering Design ◽

Innovation Policy ◽

Central Process ◽

University Environment ◽

Design Structure ◽

Or Practice ◽

Conventional Technology ◽

Design Activities ◽

New Ideas ◽

Typical Design

Engineering design is the central process in the transformation of new ideas and conventional technology or practice into high value products and systems. Unfortunately the process is not highly valued within the research oriented University environment. At the same time government innovation policy is rooted in models better suited to the review of projects as opposed to systems or products; the value structure being biased towards discovery, (and perhaps use). The author attempts to describe the structure of typical design activities and using this model proposes simple metrics to allow the assessment of design content within research and development proposals.

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Feedback: the central process in assessment for learning

Unlocking Assessment ◽

10.4324/9780203930939-13 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 71-86

Keyword(s):

Assessment For Learning ◽

Central Process

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Scottish roundhouses the early chapters

Scottish Archaeological Journal ◽

10.3366/saj.2003.25.1.1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

IAN RALSTON

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Iron Age ◽

Timber Structures ◽

Central Process ◽

Victorian Period ◽

Recovery Strategies ◽

Circular Structures ◽

Age Structures

This paper reviews early engagements with prehistoric roundhouses from the Victorian period to the mid 20th century. Salient perspectives offered by the likes of Robert Munro, Gerhard Bersu and Gordon Childe are considered in relation to the interpretation of circular structures as revealed via excavation. The recognition of negative features was a central process in the interpretation of timber structures. The paper questions the interplay of recovery strategies and archaeological expectations in relation to rectilinear as well as circular prehistoric and specifically Iron Age structures. Other aspects of architectural variability, namely the distinctiveness of brochs and crannogs are also explored.

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