Kinetics of post-treatment structural transformations of nitrogen plasma ion immersion implanted polystyrene

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kosobrodova ◽  
A. Kondyurin ◽  
D.R. McKenzie ◽  
M.M.M. Bilek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of the Processes in a Nitrogen Plasma Flow with Carbon Admixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
O. V. Korshunov ◽  
D. I. Kavyrshin ◽  
V. F. Chinnov
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Kinetics Of

Post-Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewaters Using Oxidation and Adsorption Processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kallas ◽  
R. Munter
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halides ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Kinetics Of

The feasibility of using ozonation and adsorption for the post-treatment of biologically treated effluents of the pulp and paper industry has been studied. Equilibrium conditions, as well as the kinetics of both processes, have been determined. The COD, AOX (adsorbable organic halides) content and color were chosen as the main process parameters. General design of an ozone reactor and adsorption unit, as well as estimates of capital and operating costs for both processes, have also been presented. Some remarkable advantages of ozonation in comparison to PAC-adsorption have been emphasized: at the same purification cost ($/m3) ozonation can guarantee 7-8 times higher efficiency than adsorption. Destroying color bodies and toxic organochlorine compounds in the effluents from the pulp and paper industry with ozone has become very promising.

scholarly journals Pedigree analyses of yeast cells recovering from DNA damage allow assignment of lethal events to individual post-treatment generations.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
F Klein ◽  
A Karwan ◽  
U Wintersberger
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated with different DNA damaging agents at various doses. A study of the progeny of individual such cells (by pedigree analyses up to the third generation) allowed the assignment of lethal events to distinct post treatment generations. By microscopically inspecting those cells which were not able to form visible colonies we could discriminate between cells dying from immediately effective lethal hits and those generating microcolonies (three to several hundred cells) probably as a consequence of lethal mutation(s). The experimentally obtained numbers of lethal events (which we call apparent lethal fixations) were mathematically transformed into mean probabilities of lethal fixations as taking place in cells of certain post treatment generations. Such analyses give detailed insight into the kinetics of lethality as a consequence of different kinds of DNA damage. For example, X-irradiated cells lost viability mainly by lethal hits (which we call 00-fixations); only at a higher dose also lethal mutations fixed in the cells that were in direct contact with the mutagen (which we call 0-fixations), but not in later generations, occurred. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated cells were hit by 00-fixations in a dose dependent manner; 0-fixations were not detected for any dose of EMS applied; the probability for fixation of lethal mutations was found equally high for cells of the first and second post treatment generation and, unexpectedly, was well above control in the third post-treatment generation. The distribution of all sorts of lethal fixations taken together, which occurred in the EMS-damaged cell families, was not random.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Structural Transformations and Their Precursors

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kinetics Of

For a number of materials which exhibit a change of structure on being cooled below a certain temperature Tm, some physical properties display anomalous behaviour at temperatures above Tm. The particular structural transformations in mind have been broadly classified as 'martensitic' and the anomalous physical properties as 'precursive phenomena'. Some debate exists regarding the role of the precursive phenomenon in the kinetics of the structural transformation. The most direct evidence for 'martensite precursors' is obtained from electron diffraction, although various indirect evidence is contained in X-ray, neutron and y-ray diffraction and various physical properties, for example, elastic constants and thermal expansion. In this paper current understanding of 'martensite precursors' is reviewed and examples of data from the A15 structure compounds V 3Si and Nb3Sn,. In-TI and TiNi alloys are discussed.

scholarly journals Analytical models of austenite transformation in steel with allowance for internal stresses

2018 ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
S.V. Bobyr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The aim of the work is to review the analytical models of austenite decay, taking into account the internal stresses obtained by various authors. It is shown that a common drawback of the known works is the neglect of the effect of the stress-strain state arising during the heat treatment of parts on the kinetics of structural transformations, while the available experimental data indicate a significant effect of stresses and strains on structural transformations. It has been established that the experimental data accumulated to date do not allow reliably describing the effect of the stress state on structural transitions during the heat treatment of steels for the hot deformation tool. A simple theoretical expression is proposed for calculating the amount of martensite formed as a function of the voltage in the γ phase. It is theoretically shown that taking into account the voltage acting in the γ phase leads to an increase in the temperature of the end of the formation of martensite. Experimental study of this effect is especially convenient to carry out in isothermal conditions under uniaxial tension. It is shown that in order to reliably predict the structural state of the hot deformation tool during heat treatment, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study related to the experimental study of the effect of stresses on all types of transformations and the creation of an adequate mathematical model of austenite decomposition based on the obtained experimental data.

scholarly journals Structural transformations of graphene exposed to nitrogen plasma: quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 12112-12120
Author(s):  
Seokjin Moon ◽  
Yuh Hijikata ◽  
Stephan Irle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Nitrogen Plasma ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Quantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics

Non-equilbrium quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations of graphene nitrogenation in plasma reveal the importance of cooperative nitrogen rearrangements.

Kinetics of response to ipilimumab (MDX-010) in patients with stage III/IV melanoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8525-8525 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hamid ◽  
W. J. Urba ◽  
M. Yellin ◽  
G. M. Nichol ◽  
J. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
Kinetics Of

8525 Background: Ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), enhances immune responses to tumor-associated antigens resulting in durable objective responses (OR). This abstract describes the kinetics of response after ipilimumab treatment. Methods: 5 studies (2 complete; 3 ongoing) in 269 treated patients with stage III/IV melanoma were reviewed and analyzed to determine the kinetics and duration of response after ipilimumab. Patients received ipilimumab alone or with dacarbazine, IL-2 or gp100 peptide vaccine. Ipilimumab doses ranged from 0.3–10mg/kg/dose (single or multiple). Complete and partial response (CR, PR), stable and progressive disease (SD, PD) were evaluated. Results: 41 patients (15%) had a confirmed OR at analysis. CR and PR was of late onset in some patients and occurred from ∼10–106 and ∼5–62 weeks (w) post-treatment initiation, respectively. In 28 patients onset of CR or PR occurred after >∼12w of treatment. PD preceded OR (without additional therapy) in 4 patients. In 2 patients, PD measured at ∼6w post-treatment initiation was followed by a PR at ∼12w. In 1 patient the PR changed to a CR at ∼24w and lasted for ∼188w+; the other patient maintained a PR for ∼17w. In the other 2 patients, PD at ∼12w was followed by SD at ∼17–20w and a PR after ∼30 and 62w; PRs in both patients lasted for ∼17 and 40w+, respectively. Duration of OR ranged from ∼6–187w+; ORs are ongoing in 25 patients. Late onset occurred irrespective of dose, regimen and therapeutic partner. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that ORs with ipilimumab may be later in onset and more durable than with traditional chemotherapy and may occur after progression. This late onset of effect likely reflects the immune-related mechanism of action of ipilimumab, and suggests that continued treatment/observation may be beneficial despite initial PD or SD. Acknowledgement: Dr. S. Rosenberg [Table: see text]

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