scholarly journals Impairment of aversive episodic memories during pandemic: The impact of emotional context on COVID-19 memory processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 107575
Author(s):  
Leon Candela Sofía ◽  
Bonilla Matías ◽  
Urreta Benítez Facundo ◽  
Brusco Luis Ignacio ◽  
Wang Jingyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impairment Of Aversive Episodic Memories During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact Of Emotional Context On Memory Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candela S Leon ◽  
Matias Bonilla ◽  
Facundo A Urreta Benitez ◽  
Luis I Brusco ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
The Impact

The threatening context of the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique setting to study the effects of negative psychological symptoms on memory processes. Episodic memory is an essential function of the human being related to the ability to store and remember experiences and anticipate possible events in the future. Studying this function in this context is crucial to help understand what effects the pandemic will have on the formation of episodic memories. To study this, the formation of episodic memories was evaluated by free recall, recognition, and episode order tasks for an aversive and neutral content. The results indicated that aversive episodic memory is impaired both in the free recall task and in the recognition task. Even the beneficial effect that emotional memory usually has for the episodic order was undermined as there were no differences between the neutral and aversive condition. The present work adds to the evidence that indicates that the level of activation does not modify memory processes in a linear way, which also depends on the type of evocation that people are asked and the characteristics of the content to be encoded.

scholarly journals EPISODIC MEMORY PROCESSES FOR NEUTRAL STIMULI IN THE EMOTIONAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Memory Item ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Episodic Memories

Emotional stimuli are processed differently in memory with respect to neutral stimuli; because they are more distinct, salient, and biologically significant. Episodic memory is about remembering the events as related to each other. In everyday life, because of the nature of episodic memories, emotional and neutral stimuli are exposed together, not separately. Thus, emotional stimuli become related to nearby neutral stimuli and affect their processing. In the emotional episodic memory literature, how emotional stimuli affect episodic memory processes about neutral stimuli has been widely studied. In addition to the approaches arguing this effect is either enhancing or weakening, there are also other approaches suggesting that it is selective. This selective effect emphasizes that emotion might enhance or weaken the memory for neutral stimuli with respect to different occasions. In addition to the item memory for nearby neutral stimuli, emotional stimuli have effects on the associative memory established with these stimuli. Research has shown that emotional stimuli affect item and associative memory in different ways. In summary, this review tries to analyze emotional episodic memory literature in the scope of neutral stimuli. For this aim, how emotional stimuli affect episodic memory for nearby neutral stimuli is evaluated extensively. Keywords Emotional stimuli, neutral stimuli, episodic memory, item memory, associative memory

Spill-over of memory effect in younger and older adults : can emotional information become associated with neutral episodic details

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sanchita Gargya
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Information Research ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] An extensive literature on the influence of emotion on memory asserts that memory for emotional information is remembered better than information lacking emotional content (Kensinger, 2009; Talmi et al., 2007; for review see Hamann, 2001). While decades of research have agreed upon memory advantages for emotional versus neutral information, research studying the impact of emotion on memory for associated details has shown differential effects of emotion on associated neutral details (Erk et al., 2003; Righi et al., 2015; Steinmetz et al., 2015). Using emotional-neutral stimulus pairs, the current set of experiments present novel findings from aging perspective to systematically explore the impact of embedded emotional information on associative memory representation of associated neutral episodic memory details. To accomplish this, three experiments were conducted. In all three experiments, younger and older participants were shown three types of emotional faces (happy, sad, and neutral) along with names. The first experiment investigated whether associative instructions and repetition of face-name pairs influence and promote formation of implicit emotional face-name associations. Using intentional and incidental instructions to encode face-name associations, in Experiment 2 and 3, respectively, participants' memory for whether names, shown with different facial expressions, can trigger emotional content of a study episode in the absence of the original emotional context at test, was assessed. Results indicate that while both younger and older adults show that names are integrated better with happy facial expressions than with sad expressions, older adults fail to show a benefit for associating a name with a happy emotional expression in the absence of associative encoding instructions. Overall, these results suggest that happy facial expressions can be implicitly learnt with or spilled over to associated neutral episodic details, like names. However, this integration is accomplished by older adults only under instructions to form face-name association.

scholarly journals Correction to: The impact of social-emotional context in chronic cancer pain: patient-caregiver reverberations

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 715-715
Author(s):  
Martina De Laurentis ◽  
Rossana Botto ◽  
Andrea Bovero ◽  
Riccardo Torta ◽  
Valentina Ieraci
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Chronic Cancer Pain ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Anterograde and Retrograde Effects of Benzodiazepines on Memory

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beracochea
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
The Impact

Benzodiazepines are known as “acquisition-impairing” molecules, and their effects on anterograde memory processes are well described. In contrast, the impact of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory and, more particularly, on retrieval processes, is only marginally studied. This mini-review provides an overlook of the main studies evidencing an effect of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory, both in humans and animals, with special emphasis on retrieval processes. The conditions for the emergence of the benzodiazepine-induced retrieval impairments are also discussed.

scholarly journals Positive reward prediction errors strengthen incidental memory encoding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony I. Jang ◽  
Matthew R. Nassar ◽  
Daniel G. Dillon ◽  
Michael J. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Reward Prediction Error ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe dopamine system is thought to provide a reward prediction error signal that facilitates reinforcement learning and reward-based choice in corticostriatal circuits. While it is believed that similar prediction error signals are also provided to temporal lobe memory systems, the impact of such signals on episodic memory encoding has not been fully characterized. Here we develop an incidental memory paradigm that allows us to 1) estimate the influence of reward prediction errors on the formation of episodic memories, 2) dissociate this influence from other factors such as surprise and uncertainty, 3) test the degree to which this influence depends on temporal correspondence between prediction error and memoranda presentation, and 4) determine the extent to which this influence is consolidation-dependent. We find that when choosing to gamble for potential rewards during a primary decision making task, people encode incidental memoranda more strongly even though they are not aware that their memory will be subsequently probed. Moreover, this strengthened encoding scales with the reward prediction error, and not overall reward, experienced selectively at the time of memoranda presentation (and not before or after). Finally, this strengthened encoding is identifiable within a few minutes and is not substantially enhanced after twenty-four hours, indicating that it is not consolidation-dependent. These results suggest a computationally and temporally specific role for putative dopaminergic reward prediction error signaling in memory formation.

scholarly journals A Review of the Interleaving Effect: Theories and Lessons for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica X. Yan ◽  
Brendan A. Schuetze ◽  
Luke Glenn Eglington
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Experiments

Numerous studies have shown that an interleaved study sequence of examples (e.g., ABCBACACB) from different categories, relative to a blocked sequence (e.g., AAABBBCCC), often yields superior category learning. Some explanations for sequencing effects centers on attentional processes, others focus on memory processes, and the two are often pitted against each other. We propose a new integrative two-stage framework for sequencing effects incategory-learning and support this framework using a meta-analytic approach. We show, using a meta-analytic approach, that a combination of memory and attentional predictors explains significantly more variance in sequencing effects than attentional factors alone. This approach also allowed us to examine the nature of the existing evidence, which revealed inferential limitations due to how researchers typically design experiments. We provide suggestions for future research on sequencing effects in category learning that would both test the two-stage framework and increase the impact of future research.

scholarly journals EMOTIONAL CONTEXT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF TV ADVERTISING

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Slavko Alčaković ◽  
Ana Orlić ◽  
Veljko Đurić
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Tv Advertising ◽  
Ad Recall ◽  
Tv Commercials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Stimuli

This study examined the impact of emotional context on effectiveness of TV commercials (TVCs). In two experiments, participants were exposed to either emotionally positive or emotionally negative stimuli before watching a TVC. The effectiveness of the TVC was measured by 4 indicators: Ad recall, attitude toward the ad (Aad), attitude toward the brand (Ab), and purchase intent (PI). Results of Experiment 1 revealed that participants who were pre-exposed to a positive emotional context had a more positive Aad, Ab and a higher PI, when compared to those who were pre-exposed to a negative emotional context. Experiment 2 demonstrated that pre-exposure to the positive emotional context was associated with more positive Ab and a higher PI, while preexposure to the negative emotional context led to more negative Aad. In both experiments there was no indication of the influence of the emotional context on Ad recall. However, data from Experiment 2 suggested that both positive and negative emotional contexts positively affected ad recognition, when compared to an emotionally neutral situation. In conclusion, our findings advocate the importance of emotional context in which TVCs are broadcasted to the general public, a fact that has been vastly neglected so far by media planners.

scholarly journals “She finds you abhorrent” - The impact of emotional context information on the cortical processing of neutral faces in depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Iffland ◽  
Fabian Klein ◽  
Sebastian Schindler ◽  
Hanna Kley ◽  
Frank Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cortical Processing ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Self Reference

AbstractDepression is associated with abnormalities in patterns of information processing, particularly in the context of processing of interpersonal information. The present study was designed to investigate the differences in depressive individuals in cortical processing of facial stimuli when neutral faces were presented in a context that involved information about emotional valence as well as self-reference. In 21 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the presentation of neutral facial expressions, which were accompanied by affective context information that was either self- or other-related. Across conditions, depressive patients showed larger mean P100 amplitudes than healthy controls. Furthermore, mean late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes of depressive patients were larger in response to faces in self-related than in other-related context. In addition, irrespective of self-reference, mean LPP responses of depressive patients to faces presented after socially threatening sentences were larger compared with faces presented after neutral sentences. Results regarding self-reference supported results of previous studies indicating larger mean amplitudes in self-related conditions. Findings suggest a general heightened initial responsiveness to emotional cues and a sustained emotion processing of socially threatening information in depressive patients.

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