Dietary patterns: A Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk

The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits, and the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) has been previously validated as a measure of Mediterranean diet adherence. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the mMDS and anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in a sample of career firefighters. The participants were from Indiana Fire Departments, taking part in the “Feeding America’s Bravest” study, a cluster-randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet intervention. We measured Mediterranean diet adherence using the mMDS. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were also collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used. In unadjusted analyses, many expected favorable associations between the mMDS and cardiovascular disease risk factors were found among the 460 firefighters. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking, a unitary increase in the mMDS remained associated with a decrease of the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β-coefficient −0.028, p = 0.002) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol (β-coefficient 0.254, p = 0.004). In conclusion, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with markers of decreased cardiometabolic risk. The mMDS score is a valid instrument for measuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may have additional utility in research and clinical practice.

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Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3703

Author(s):

Ae-Rim Seo ◽

Tae-Yoon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Blood Pressure Level ◽

The Elderly ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure Level

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly population in Korea. Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted on the data of 1687 elderly participants (797 men and 890 women) aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), using a 24-h dietary recall survey to assess dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were classified into clusters 1 (typical Korean diet), 2 (high carbohydrate diet), and 3 (healthy diet). The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated based on age, total and HDL-cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and presence of diabetes. A complex sample general linear model was applied to determine the association between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of CVD. Results: In total, 275 (33.7%), 141 (17.9%), and 381 (48.3%) men, and 207 (22.6%), 276 (30.9%), and 407(46.6%) women were included in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men in cluster 3 (healthy diet) than in those in cluster 1 (typical Korean diet) (t = 2.092, p = 0.037). Additionally, the 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men who performed strength training than in those who did not (t = 3.575, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in women. Conclusions: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, men who consumed a healthy diet had a lower 10-year risk of CVD than those who consumed a typical Korean diet. When organizing nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits in the elderly, content on diets that consist of various food groups to prevent CVD is required. In particular, it is necessary to develop content that emphasizes the importance of healthy eating habits in men.

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Mediterranean diet, fats and cardiovascular disease risk: what news?

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114599001051 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 5-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Denis Lairon

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk

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Abstract 13: Adherence to Various Dietary Patterns and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

James M Shikany ◽

Monika M Safford ◽

Joanna Bryan ◽

PK Newby ◽

Joshua S Richman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Mediterranean Diet Score ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Diet Score

Background: We have shown that the Southern dietary pattern, characterized by added fats, fried foods, organ and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages, is associated with a greater risk of incident CHD in REGARDS, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort. We sought to determine if the Southern pattern, other dietary patterns, and the Mediterranean diet score were associated with CHD events and mortality in REGARDS participants who previously reported CHD. Methods: REGARDS enrolled white and black adults aged ≥45 years between 2003-2007. Data were analyzed from 3,562 participants with CHD at baseline. Participants completed an FFQ at baseline, from which 5 dietary patterns were derived through factor analysis (Table). The Mediterranean diet score was calculated for each participant. Expert-adjudicated CHD events included myocardial infarction and CHD death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of the dietary patterns and score with CHD events and death, adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, energy intake, anthropometrics, and medical conditions. Results: Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 581 recurrent CHD events and 1,098 deaths. In fully-adjusted analyses, the highest quartile of adherence to the alcohol/salads pattern and highest group of the Mediterranean diet score were associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD compared to the lowest quartile/group (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 – 0.98, HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62 – 0.98, respectively). The highest quartile of adherence to the Southern pattern was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.91), while the highest group of the Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 – 0.95). Conclusions: While the Southern dietary pattern was not related to risk of recurrent CHD, it was associated with higher mortality in REGARDS participants with existing CHD. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of recurrent CHD and mortality.

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P6279The mediating role of Mediterranean diet on the association between cardiovascular disease risk and Lp(a) levels

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6279 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Foscolou ◽

L Rallidis ◽

A L Matalas ◽

D B Panagiotakos

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Mediating Role

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Healthy dietary patterns from food diaries and FFQ are not associated with colorectal cancer risk: results from the UKWCS

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Petra Jones ◽

Janet Cade ◽

Charlotte Evans ◽

Neil Hancock ◽

Darren Greenwood

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽

Mediterranean Diet Score ◽

Bland Altman Method ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Diet Score

AbstractDietary pattern analyses have most commonly used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for large population studies, whilst food diaries (FD) tend to be used with smaller datasets and followed up for shorter terms, restricting the possibility of a direct comparison. Studies comparing dietary patterns derived from two different assessment methods, in relation to diet and disease are limited. The aims of this study are to assess the agreement between dietary patterns derived from FFQ and FDs and to compare the associations between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary pattern in relation to colorectal cancer incidence.The study population included 2276 healthy middle-aged women – participants of the UK Women's Cohort Study. Energy and nutrient intakes, derived from 4-day FDs and from a 217-item FFQ were compared. A 10 and an 8-component score indicating adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the 2007 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Agreement was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for colorectal cancer risk for both the FD and the FFQ patterns, for each score separately.The Bland-Altman method showed that the FFQ gave a higher energy intake compared to the FD with a bias of -525 kcal (95% CI -556, -493) between the two methods. Agreement was slight for the Mediterranean diet score (Κ = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). A total of 173 incident cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In the multi-variable adjusted models, the estimates for an association with colorectal cancer were weak: HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FD and HR = 1.01 (95% CI: 0.83 to 1.24) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FD. For scores derived from the FFQ, estimates were inverse, but weak (HR = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) for a 1-unit increment in the Mediterranean diet score using FFQ and HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67 to 1.05) for a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score using FFQ.There is insufficient evidence of an association of colorectal cancer risk with the Mediterranean dietary pattern or with the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, irrespective of the dietary assessment method in this sample. Further studies with larger sample sizes, using FD for diet assessment are warranted.

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Dietary Patterns in a Population Cohort in Uruguay and Associations with Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 548-548

Author(s):

Paula Moliterno ◽

Carmen Donangelo ◽

Juan Vanerio ◽

Romina Nogara ◽

Matias Pecora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Blood Lipid Profile ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in a population adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study - GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic and anthropometric markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Methods In a subsample (n = 295), DP were derived by principal component analysis based on 27 food groups (food frequency questionnaire). Total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL, HDL), fasting glucose and insulin (HOMA), 25(OH)D, neutrophils and lymphocytes were measured in blood. Body weight, height, waist and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate by tertile of DP load the adjusted changes of each outcome variable (relative to tertile 1), according to age (splitting by median age, 54 y). The models included sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, and season for 25(OH)D, as covariables. Results Three DP were identified: Meat (MDP), Prudent (PDP), and Cereal and Mate (CMDP), explaining 22.6% of total variance. MDP was characterized by higher loads for red, processed and barbecued meat; PDP by higher loads for vegetables, fish and nuts; and CMDP by higher loads for cereals and mate (traditional infused drink). Protein, sodium and alcohol intake increased, and fibre, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA) intake decreased, by MDP tertile. Protein, fat (MUFA), fibre and calcium intake increased by PDP tertile. Carbohydrate, sodium and energy intake increased, and PUFA and calcium intake decreased, by CMDP tertile. MDP was associated with lower HDL (−3.1 mg/dl) and 25(OH)D (−3.5 ng/ml), and higher TG/HDL ratio (0.8) and HOMA (0.5), in the older group (P < 0.05). PDP was associated with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups (2.9 and 7.7 ng/ml; P < 0.002). CMDP was associated with higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (0.35) in the younger group, and higher LDL (18.2 mg/dl), systolic BP (5.9 mm Hg) and waist/height ratio (0.024) in the older group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Meat DP was associated with worse blood lipid profile in younger adults, Cereal and Mate DP with worse cardiovascular risk markers in older adults, and Prudent DP with higher 25(OH)D in both age groups. Funding Sources CSIC, ANII, Uruguay.

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