Total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intake and mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Background and aims: Increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been proposed as a risk factor for essential hypertension (EH). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EAT with EH.Methods and results: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed to identify relevant studies assessing the association of EAT thickness (EAT-t) and volume (EAT-v) with EH. There were 39 observational studies and 8,983 subjects included in the meta-analysis. The analysis indicated that hypertensive patients had a higher mean of EAT-t (SMD=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.83, p<0.001) and EAT-v (SMD: 0.69, 95% CI:0.34-0.1.05, p<0.001) than normotensive individuals. Accordingly, we calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of EAT with EH, and the results showed that EAT-t (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09–2.33, P<0.001) and EAT-v (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.33–2.19, P<0.001) were associated with essential hypertension. Additionally, higher mean of EAT-t (SMD=0.85, 95% CI=0.49-0.1.21, p<0.001) and EAT-v (SMD=0.83, 95% CI=0.31-1.34, p=0.002) were found in non-dipper hypertensive patients than those in dipper patients, but we didn’t find significant difference in EAT-t among patients with different grades of hypertension. We also investigated the association of EAT with complications in hypertensive patients, and the results showed that EAT was increased in patients with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction than those without. Conclusions: The increase in EAT was associated with the occurrence and complications of EH. The findings provide new information regarding the occurrence and complications of EH.

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Selenium and the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials

10.21203/rs.3.rs-358602/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hualei Sun ◽

Shao Rong Long ◽

Gaiyun Chen ◽

Yajuan Wang ◽

Rui Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Significant Inverse Association ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

All Cause Mortality

Abstract BackgroundThis meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to explore the association between selenium and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.Methods and Study DesignWe searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science database for eligible studies which included the relationship between selenium and the outcomes of interest. 25 prospective observational studies and 9 RCTs were included in our meta-analysis.ResultsThe observational studies showed that there was a significant inverse association between serum selenium and the risk of CVD (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68–0.89), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58–0.95) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71–0.84). We also found a significant inverse association between selenium supplements and the risk of total CVD (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.65-1.00) in RCTs studies.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis found a significant inverse association between selenium and CVD, CHD, and all-cause mortality in prospective observational studies and RCTs, which indicate the selenium has protective effect in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.

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Association of industry ties with outcomes of studies examining the effect of wholegrain foods on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e022912 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicholas Chartres ◽

Alice Fabbri ◽

Sally McDonald ◽

Jessica Turton ◽

Margaret Allman-Farinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Food Industry ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Industry Sponsorship ◽

Nutrition Research

ObjectiveTo determine if observational studies examining the association of wholegrain foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with food industry sponsorship and/or authors with conflicts of interest (COI) with the food industry are more likely to have results and/or conclusions that are favourable to industry than those with no industry ties, and to determine whether studies with industry ties differ in their risk of bias compared with studies with no industry ties.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesWe searched eight databases from 1997 to 2017 and hand searched the reference lists of included studies.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort and case–control studies that quantitatively examined the association of wholegrains or wholegrain foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults or children.Results21 of the 22 studies had a serious or critical risk of bias. Studies with industry ties more often had favourable results compared with those with no industry ties, but the Confidence Interval (CI) was wide, Risk Ratio (RR)=1.44 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.35). The same association was found for study conclusions. We did not find a difference in effect size (magnitude of RRs) between studies with industry ties, RR=0.77 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.01) and studies with no industry ties, RR=0.85 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00) (p=0.50) I20%. These results were comparable for studies that measured the magnitude using Hazard Ratios (HR); industry ties HR=0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) versus no industry ties HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91) (p=0.34) I20%.ConclusionsWe did not establish that the presence of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry was associated with results or conclusions that favour industry sponsors. The association of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry and favourable results or conclusions is uncertain. However, our analysis was hindered by the low level of COI disclosure in the included studies. Our findings support international reforms to improve the disclosure and management of COI in nutrition research. Without such disclosures, it will not be possible to determine if the results of nutrition research are free of food industry influences and potential biases.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017055841.

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Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-017-1582-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 173-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Valentina Rosato ◽

Norman J. Temple ◽

Carlo La Vecchia ◽

Giorgio Castellan ◽

Alessandra Tavani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis

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Calcium Supplements and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 368

Author(s):

Seung-Kwon Myung ◽

Hong-Bae Kim ◽

Yong-Jae Lee ◽

Yoon-Jung Choi ◽

Seung-Won Oh

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Calcium Supplements

Background: Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs) have reported controversial findings regarding the associations between calcium supplements on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between them. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the bibliographies of relevant articles for double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs in November, 2020. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of cardiovascular disease were calculated using a random effects model. The main outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and cerebrovascular disease. Results: A total of 13 double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs (n = 28,935 participants in an intervention group and 14,243 in a control group)) were included in the final analysis. Calcium supplements significantly increased the risk of CVD (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.25], I2 = 0.0%, n = 14) and CHD (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28], I2 = 0.0%, n = 9) in double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs, specifically in healthy postmenopausal women. In the subgroup meta-analysis, dietary calcium intake of 700–1000 mg per day or supplementary calcium intake of 1000 mg per day significantly increased the risk of CVD and CHD. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis found that calcium supplements increased a risk of CVD by about 15% in healthy postmenopausal women.

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