Relationship between obesity in Korean adolescents and the frequency of alcohol consumption, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the frequency of severe alcohol intoxication

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e159-e166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Ik Baek ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Korean Adolescents

Analysis of Korean adolescents' sexual experience and substance use

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-817
Author(s):  
Gyu-Young Lee ◽  
Yun-Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Korean Adolescents

We investigated the relationship between Korean adolescents' sexual experience—including, kissing, petting, and sexual intercourse—and their alcohol consumption and use of illegal drugs and tobacco. We analyzed data taken from the responses of 74,186 adolescents who had participated in the 2012 Korean Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. Variables regarding sexual experiences, experience of contraception, and substance and alcohol use were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The results showed that fewer than 30% of the respondents reported always using contraception, and almost half reported rarely using contraception. The number of boys and girls reporting having had sexual experiences increased from 2 to 4 times when they also reported use of illicit drugs, smoking tobacco, or alcohol consumption. The results highlight a need for school-based sex education supported by a national policy and the provision of basic resources to reduce the incidence of unprotected sex and to improve healthy behavior of adolescents.

scholarly journals Teratogenic effect of alcohol on the myocardium of laboratory animals at the stages of prenatal ontogenesis (literature review)

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
O.A. Cherkas
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Time Frequency

Background. To date, close attention is paid to the problems of formation and development of the myocardium in general and in particular its structural components. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in cardiovascular malformations in both adults and infants. These defects can be caused by genetic factors, as well as various teratogenic substances. One such substance is alcohol. Despite the risks, many women still drink alcohol during pregnancy. The main problem is that almost half of pregnancies are unplanned, so a woman may continue to consume alcohol for several weeks before learning about her condition. Especially in young women, fertilization can occur in a state of intoxication. In addition, under the influence of ethanol, cardiac function may be impaired in the absence of structural abnormalities. Chronic alcohol intoxication causes changes in the myocardium at all levels of its structural organization. First of all, teratogenic changes caused by the action of ethanol affect the development of cardiomyocytes in the process of embryogenesis, which contributes to the underdevelopment of the structure or function of heart cells. Although the effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the fetus has been studied for decades, there are still conflicting conclusions about the severity of myocardial morphological changes depending on the time, frequency and duration of alcohol consumption. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of literature sources devoted to the study of adverse effects on the fetus caused by alcohol. Methods. The paper conducted a retrospective analysis of literature references and formed an understanding of the changes in the structure of the myocardium caused by teratogenic effects of alcohol. Results and conclusion. Analysis of literature sources showed a high level of adverse effects observed in offspring born to alcoholic mothers. Detrimental effects of alcohol cause changes in the myocardium at all levels of structural organization, including its ultrastructure. It was studied that prenatal exposure to ethanol induces significant changes in relative heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness and cardiomyocyte size. Exposure to high concentrations of alcohol in experimental animals during gestation can lead to congenital heart defects, such as atrial, ventricular, and septal defects. The main manifestation of the prenatal effect of alcohol after birth is the fetal alcohol syndrome, which combines various degrees of deviation in the development of the child.

scholarly journals The Loss of α- and β-Tubulin Proteins Are a Pathological Hallmark of Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Natural Brain Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajana Labisso ◽  
Ana-Caroline Raulin ◽  
Lucky Nwidu ◽  
Artur Kocon ◽  
Declan Wayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Tubulin Protein

Repetitive excessive alcohol intoxication leads to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. We examined cytoskeletal protein expression in human post-mortem tissue from Brodmann’s area 9 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Brain samples from 44 individuals were divided into equal groups of 11 control, 11 alcoholic, 11 non-alcoholic suicides, and 11 suicide alcoholics matched for age, sex, and post-mortem delay. Tissue from alcoholic cohorts displayed significantly reduced expression of α- and β-tubulins, and increased levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Protein levels of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6), and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP-2 and MAP-tau were reduced in alcoholic cohorts, although for MAPs this was not significant. Tubulin gene expressions increased in alcoholic cohorts but not significantly. Brains from rats administered alcohol for 4 weeks also displayed significantly reduced tubulin protein levels and increased α-tubulin acetylation. PFC tissue from control subjects had reduced tubulin protein expression that was most notable from the sixth to the eighth decade of life. Collectively, loss of neuronal tubulin proteins are a hallmark of both chronic alcohol consumption and natural brain ageing. The reduction of cytosolic tubulin proteins could contribute to the brain volumetric losses reported for alcoholic patients and the elderly.

An effect of cabergoline on alcohol consumption and DRD2 expression in the brain of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (11. Vyp. 2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Shamakina ◽  
T. V. Proskuryakova ◽  
V. A. Shokhonova ◽  
E. V. Ulyanova ◽  
P. K. Anokhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals College students’ attitudes towards prohealth behavior and alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (SUPPLEMENT 1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szwamel ◽  
Małgorzata Szerszeń ◽  
Joanna Siekierka ◽  
Agnieszka Kotowska
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances among students. Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the level of pro-health behaviors among college students, and their opinions on alcohol consumption during pregnancy planning and pregnancy. Material and methods: This study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students in Opole secondary schools. Diagnostic surveys were used, which included the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Results: Forty-six percent (n = 105) of the 228 students presented with very low levels of pro-health behaviors and 57.46% (n = 131) of students endorsed alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past. Most of the students (n = 215; 94.3%) claimed that a baby’s father should have an impact on pro-health behaviors of his pregnant female partner. There were, however, divergent opinions on the permissibility of alcohol consumption by a mother-to-be and a potential father while planning to become pregnant. The students were more likely to report that drinking is acceptable among potential fathers as compared to mothers (35.52% vs. 22.37%). Students also pointed out the need to spread knowledge about fetal alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Finally, students reported that their families and teachers were the best sources of knowledge on the potential harmful effects of alcohol, including FAS. Conclusions: There is high accessibility and social acceptance of alcohol consumption, in conjunction with low and average levels of pro-health behaviors among most young adults. Further, most young adults have experienced alcohol intoxication or abuse in the past and the opinions on the acceptance of alcohol consumption by potential fathers and mothers while planning a baby. Together, these patterns may be associated with an increased risk of FAS. The students pointed to a strong need for more information about FAS, and indicated that their families and schools as the most desired sources of this information. These results may can be used to create an educational strategy for students aimed at FAS prophylaxis.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES CAUSED BY WORKERS STAYING AT THE WORKPLACE IN A STATE OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
T. Tairova ◽  
N. Romanenko ◽  
O. Slypachuk
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Industrial Risks ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Development of scientifically based measures for the prevention of occupational injuries due to alcohol intoxication of workers are based on modeling of the labor protection system. In order to develop effective preventive measures to prevent accidents at work, the mathematical model of the labor protection system (OS) was built, which takes into account many indicators that assess violations of labor and industrial discipline related to alcohol consumption. The study was based on actual statistics on occupational injuries. The application of the method of mathematical modeling on the basis of injury indicators is justified, as the proposed approach allows to ensure the targeting of preventive measures, the complexity and alternative solutions to problems, the objectivity of management decisions. The proposed scientific approaches to the development of preventive measures for labor protection allow to increase the level of industrial safety, optimize the size of penalties for violations of labor and industrial discipline, regulate relations arising in the course of work related to alcohol consumption in the workplace. Limitations / implications of research. The developed scientific approaches to the prevention of occupational injuries due to alcohol intoxication of workers are universal, they can be applied to different sectors of the economy. Practical consequences. The obtained theoretical conclusions, based on statistical data on occupational injuries, are brought to the level of specific proposals suitable for practical use in the planning of preventive measures for labor protection at enterprises. The presented scientific approaches to solving management problems in labor protection are based on a component method of assessing the occurrence of traumatic events due to violations of labor and production discipline by both employees and employers. For a comprehensive analysis of industrial risks, the main and concomitant causes that led to accidents due to alcohol intoxication of workers were taken into account. This allowed to provide a systematic approach to the assessment of production conditions and behavioral reactions of staff.

scholarly journals Elevated ad libitum alcohol consumption following continuous theta burst stimulation to the left-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is partially mediated by changes in craving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. McNeill ◽  
Rebecca L. Monk ◽  
Adam W. Qureshi ◽  
Stergios Makris ◽  
Valantina Cazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractPrevious research indicates that following alcohol intoxication, activity in prefrontal cortices is reduced, linking to changes in associated cognitive processes, such as inhibitory control, attentional bias (AB), and craving. While these changes have been implicated in alcohol consumption behaviour, it has yet to be fully illuminated how these frontal regions and cognitive processes interact to govern alcohol consumption behaviour. The current preregistered study applied continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to examine directly these relationships while removing the wider pharmacological effects of alcohol. A mixed design was implemented, with cTBS stimulation to right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC) and Vertex, with measures of inhibitory control, AB, and craving taken both pre- and post-stimulation. Ad libitum consumption was measured using a bogus taste task. Results suggest that rDLPFC stimulation impaired inhibitory control but did not significantly increase ad libitum consumption. However, lDLPFC stimulation heightened craving and increased consumption, with findings indicating that changes in craving partially mediated the relationship between cTBS stimulation of prefrontal regions and ad libitum consumption. Medial OFC stimulation and AB findings were inconclusive. Overall, results implicate the left DLPFC in the regulation of craving, which appears to be a prepotent cognitive mechanism by which alcohol consumption is driven and maintained.

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