Evidence for the Continued Occurrence of Chorioretinopathy in Working Sheep Dogs in New Zealand in 2010

A study in conducted 1987 by Hughes et al., found that 39% of working sheep dogs had multifocal retinitis. One of the identified causes was ocular larval migrans, which were a result of migrating ascarid larvae. Since that paper was published, anthelmintic use in farm dogs has been highly recommended. There has been no follow-up study to determine if fundic lesions are still present. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chorioretinopathy in working sheep dogs in the South-West, Waikato, New Zealand. This was a cross-sectional study of 184 working sheep dogs and 51 owners, undertaken in 2010 with owners sampled from New Zealand’s South-West Waikato and Tux North Island Dog Trial Championship. Two-way tables were used to explore the relationship between variables. Significance of association was assessed using a Chi-squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate, with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. Overall prevalence of chorioretinopathy in the working sheep dogs was 44/184 (24%). A significantly higher prevalence of chorioretinopathy was shown in dogs with increasing age, from 2 years to >8 years (p = 0.0007) and in males (p < 0.0001). This study concluded that lesions of chorioretinopathy are still present in working sheep dogs in New Zealand.

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANTS BASED ON FREQUENCY AND DIETARY DIVERSITY OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING

Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.20473/imhsj.v4i2.2020.160-167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Estin Puspaningrum ◽

Sri Umijati ◽

Sri Utami ◽

Dominicus Husada

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Feeding Pattern ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBackground: In 2017, the prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia was ranked 4th among Southeast Asia countries. The nonoptimal complementary feeding is one of the reasons. The nonoptimal complementary feeding is associated with the prevalence of underweight and stunting in the children at the age 6-23 months. Complementary feeding pattern include frequency and dietary diversity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between complementary feeding pattern and nutritional status of infants at the age 7-12 months in the Kedungwaru Health Center, Tulungagung. Methods: This study used observational analytic and cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 71 mothers of the infants which were taken by total sampling. The variables of this study were complementary feeding pattern and nutritional status. This study also used a questionnaire and observation sheet. The Fisher Exact Test was used to analyse the data. Result: The results showed 88.7% of the infants have good nutritional status. There are 49.3% appropriate complementary feeding and 69% which applied various types of complementary feeding. The frequency of complementary feeding with the nutritional status of infants obtained p value 0.478 and the dietary diversity of complementary feeding with nutritional status obtained p value 0.102. Conclusions: There were no significant relation between the complementary feeding pattern and the nutritional status (weight-for-age) in infants at the age 7-12 months. Further research about other variables is needed.

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Correlation of Ship Sanitation with Cockroach Density in Kendari Port Area

MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health ◽

10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 102-112

Author(s):

Sriwani Supardin

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Port Area ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

The Relationship

Ship sanitation is an indicator of vessel cleanliness, vector control in 2017 no high-risk vessels were found, in 2018 there were 7 high-risk vessels and in 2019 there were 15 high-risk vessels. This study aims to determine the relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. This type of research is an observational, Cross-Sectional Study design. The population is all ships berthed in the Kendari port area as many as 41 ships and a sample of 37 vessels taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis used fisher's exact test. The results showed that of the 37 ships, the highest density of cockroaches met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%). The kitchen sanitation met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%), then the food raft room sanitation met the requirements (83.8%) and did not meet the requirements (16.2%). Furthermore, warehouse sanitation fulfills the requirements (62.2%) and does not meet the requirements (37.8%). The results of Fisher's exact test obtained p value (0,000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. Suggestions for the KKP to establish policies to prevent cockroach development.

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Knowledge of pregnant women about anemia is related with adherence to iron tablets

Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi ◽

10.20473/mog.v26i12018.26-28 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Baksono Winardi ◽

Elga Caecaria Grahardika Andani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Almost All

Objectives: to identify association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia and the adherence to consume iron tablets in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, IndonesiaMaterials and Methods: Observational analysis cross sectional study. Population consisted of 55 trimester pregnant women in BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, in March-April 2017. Samples were recruited using consecutive sampling. The number of sample was 35 respondents. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: This research showed that all of the less knowledgeable women on anemia (100.00%) were non-adherent to consume iron tablets, almost all moderately knowledgeable women (92.9%) were adherent, and all of the fully knowledgeable women (100.00%) were adherent. Fisher exact test in significance level of 0.05 revealed p value equal to 0.0001, indicating association between knowledge about anemia and adherence to consume iron tablets at BPM Titik Suharti, Surabaya, Indonesia.Conclusion: There is an association between knowledge of pregnant women about anemia with adherence to iron tablets.

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HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA LAKI-LAKI DI DESA BEKKU KECAMATAN AWANGPONE KABUPATEN BONE

PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.31004/prepotif.v5i2.2254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 898-903

Author(s):

Ruslang Ruslang ◽

Nirmawati Darwis ◽

Tetti Surianti ◽

Riki Rusanda

Keyword(s):

Smoking Habit ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The prevalence of hypertension increases in line with the lifestyle of elderly men that harm their own health, namely smoking which without them knowing it can cause hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension in elderly men in Bekku Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of hypertension. This type of research is quantitative research with a Cross Sectional Study approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire given to each respondent. The analysis test used a computer program, namely SPSS 21 to assess the frequency statistical data and the Chi-Square test on the bivariate variable obtained the Fisher exact test value, on the smoking habit variable the value of = 0.01 < 0.05, so it can be stated that there is a relationship between Smoking Habits with Hypertension Incidence in Elderly Males in Bekku Village, Awangpone District, Bone Regency. The researcher's suggestion is for elderly men in Bekku Village to reduce their smoking habits so that their hypertension does not continue. Keywords : Hypertension, Smoking, Elderly Male ABSTRAK Prevalensi hipertensi meingkat sejalan dengan gaya hidup lanjut usia laki-laki yang merugikan kesehatan mereka sendiri yakni kebiasaan merokok yang tanpa mereka sadari dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lanjut Usia Laki-Laki Di Desa Bekku Kecamatan Awangpone Kabupaten Bone. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada masing-masing responden. Uji analisis menggunakan program komputer yaitu SPSS 21 untuk menilai data statistik frekuensi dan uji Chi-Square pada pada variabel bivariat diperoleh nilai fisher exact test, pada variabel kebiasaan merokok diperoleh nilai ρ=0,01< α=0,05, sehingga dapat dinyatakan ada hubungan antara Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lanjut Usia Laki-Laki Di Desa Bekku Kecamatan Awangpone Kabupaten Bone. Adapun saran peniliti yaitu bagi para lanjut usia laki-laki di desa bekku agar kebiasaan merokoknya dikurangi agar penyakit hipertensi yang dideritanya tidak terus berlanjut. Kata Kunci : Hipertensi, Merokok, Lanjut Usia Laki- Laki

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The Role of Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Wilms Tumor in Developing Country

International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research ◽

10.18502/ijhoscr.v15i3.6844 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aulia Rahmani ◽

Nur Melani Sari ◽

Vita Indriasari

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Wilms Tumor ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

The Relationship

Background: Overall five-year survival rate of Wilm’s Tumor (WT) in developing countries is still poor. Delayed diagnosis is one of the contributing factors, whereas early diagnosis is an important thing for the outcome. It is caused by the WT burden in developing countries that was not comparable with the number of facilities for diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography (USG) is the mandatory first-line imaging modality in children with a suspected abdominal mass and an overall sensitivity of 76%. Additionally, it can be found in many health facilities at a lower cost, quick, non-invasive, and carries no risk of radiation. Therefore, the relationship between USG and histopathology should be measured. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was performed in pediatric (0 untill 18 year of age) renal malignancy and neuroblastoma that admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung between 2015-2018. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Fisher exact test were done to determine the significance of the relationship between USG and histopathology. Results: Forty-three samples were obtained based on inclusion criteria, such as WT (n=33), neuroblastoma (n=6), renal clear cell carcinoma (n=2) and no specific type of renal malignancy (n=2). Fisher exact test revealed no-significant relationship between USG and histopathology with p-value > 0.05 Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between USG and histopathology. Therefore, centralized unity for USG interpretation is recommended.

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Pengaruh Lama Perawatan Ortodonti Cekat Terhadap Diskolorisasi Gigi pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi di Makassar

Sinnun Maxillofacial Journal ◽

10.33096/smj.v2i02.59 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Mohammad Dharma Utama ◽

Yustisia Puspitasari ◽

Rachmi Bachtiar ◽

Yusrini Selviani ◽

Masriadi Masriadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test

Pendahuluan: Perawatan ortodonti bertujuan untuk memperbaiki fungsi pengunyahan, estetika, mencegah kerusakan jaringan dan mengembalikan fungsi rongga mulut yang baik. Perawatan ortodonti cekat dapat menyebabkan oral hygiene yang buruk karena menyebabkan akumulasi sisa makananmaupun plak di bawah piranti dan plak dapat meninggalkan warna pada permukaan gigi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perawatan ortodonti cekat terhadap perubahan warna gigi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi di Makassar, Indonesia. Bahan & Metode: Desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan Cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa kedokteran gigi tahun pertama dan kedua Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Muslim Indonesia di Makassar, Indonesia yang menjalani perawatan ortodonti cekat. Sampel dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu perawatan ortodonti cekat <1 tahun dan > 2 tahun. Foto intraoral diambil dari tampilan frontal, dan garis besar permukaan labial dari semua gigi seri diperbesar menjadi skala (pembesaran × 4). Permukaan labial gigi seri digambar pada sistem grid menggunakan photoshop cc 2020. Hasil: Menunjukkan adanya pengaruh lama perawatan ortodonti cekat dengan diskolorisasi gigi terbanyak terjadi pada lama perawatan >12 bulan dengan diskolorisasi derajat 1. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Fisher Exact Test nilai P value kurang dari 0,05 artinya bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Hipotesis diterima dan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh lama perawatan ortodonti cekat terhadap diskolorisasi gigi pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi di Makassar, Indonesia.

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The Relationship Between COVID-19-induced Death and Chronic Diseases

Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care ◽

10.32598/jccnc.7.3.334.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Hasan Alinejad ◽

◽

Reza Vazirinejad ◽

Ahmadreza Sayadi ◽

Zeinab Hajaliakbari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Relationship

Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc.). These conditions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and sometimes lead to long-term hospitalization. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19-induced mortality and various chronic diseases in patients admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2020. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, from March 2020 to September 2020 were assessed. The required data were collected using patients’ records and telephone calls by a researcher-made checklist and analyzed by Independent Samples t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS v. 20. Results: This study assessed 238 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients aged over 75 years; they were 5.5 times more prone to expire, compared to the youngest age group (P<0.001). Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, and various cancers were more prevalent in patients who expired, compared to those who survived (P≤0.05). Of the patients who died, 73.8% were transferred to the Intensive U (ICU), while only 7.5% of surviving patients were transferred to the ICU (P<0.001). Longer hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with underlying diseases and hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study identified the role of chronic diseases and other important indicators in the survival of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital in Rafsanjan. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare staff consider these findings in the care of patients with COVID-19.

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The Relationship between Family’s Assessment Support and MDR TB Patient’s Adherence on Treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya

JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga ◽

10.20473/juxta.v10i22019.75-78 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Safira Nur Ainiyah ◽

Soedarsono Soedarsono ◽

Pirlina Umiastuti

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Long Time ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. Its treatment needs long time and causes some side effects which can make the patients non-adherent so that family support is needed. This study aims to know the relationship between family’s assessment support and MDR TB patient’s adherence on treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: This was an analytic observational cross-sectional study, to know the frequency distribution of family’s assessment support, MDR TB patient’s adherence, and the relationship between them in 24 MDR TB patients, recruited from MDR TB Clinic, RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, from October 2017 to June 2018 and their family. The analysis was descriptive statistic and inferential statistic using Fisher Exact Test. Results: The results of this study showed that 83.3% of MDR TB patients’ family give high assessment support and 58.3% of MDR TB patients in RSUD Dr. Soetomo from October 2017 to June 2018 have high adherence on treatment. There is significant (p = 0.020), moderate (c = 0.468), and direct relationship between family’s assessment support and MDR TB patient’s adherence on treatment in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Conclusion: To improve MDR TB patient’s adherence on treatment, family must give high assessment support.

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Challenges of Oral Radiography Prescriptions During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Shiraz, Iran

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.112779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mahvash Hasani ◽

Nasim Razavi ◽

Sonia Dokohaki

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Radiology Department ◽

Oral Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

The Relationship

Background: Considering the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak and its rapid person-to-person transmission and the challenges it has brought about in dentistry, especially in intraoral radiography, following the established guidelines in prescribing radiographs is of great prominence. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the necessity of prescribed intraoral radiographs and to estimate the number of unnecessary prescriptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 patients with a mean age of 29.36 ± 14.11 years who visited the Radiology Department of Shiraz Dental School during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak. Information, including gender, age, systemic diseases, referring department, and type and urgency of radiography, was collected using a checklist. Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were run to assess the relationships between variables. Results: Among all the patients referred to the Radiology Department, the endodontics and oral medicine departments accounted for the highest percentage of referrals. The relationship between the necessity of radiography prescriptions and dental departments was significant (P < 0.05). The lowest rate of unnecessary referrals was reported in the Department of Endodontics (13.3%), whereas the highest rate of unnecessary referrals was attributed to the aesthetic and restorative dentistry departments (73.3%). There was a significant association between dental department and the type of prescribed radiographs (extraoral/intraoral). The Orthodontics Department was the only department with more extraoral radiograph prescriptions than intraoral radiographs. One-third of the prescribed intraoral radiographs and half of the extraoral radiographs were unnecessary, with a significant difference during the pandemic (P = 0.019). Conclusions: Although there has been some success in the development of COVID-19 vaccines, this pandemic will not be easily eradicated. Therefore, it is crucial to follow the established guidelines and postpone unnecessary dental procedures to improve the safety of our community and the world in general.

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