scholarly journals Individual differences in the regulation of positive emotion: The role of attachment and self esteem

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Self Esteem

The psychological benefits of music-evoked nostalgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110646
Author(s):  
Constantine Sedikides ◽  
Joost Leunissen ◽  
Tim Wildschut
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Social

We provide a narrative review of the nascent literature on the psychological benefits of music-evoked nostalgia. Music is a prevalent and influential source of nostalgia. Music-evoked nostalgia confers approach-oriented psychological benefits in the social domain (by fostering social connectedness), self-oriented domain (by raising self-esteem, instilling a sense of youthfulness, elevating optimism, and enhancing inspiration), and existential domain (by strengthening meaning in life and augmenting self-continuity). Music-evoked nostalgia also confers psychological benefits indirectly. For example, it elevates optimisms by fostering sequentially social connectedness and self-esteem. Also, by fostering social connectedness, it enhances inspiration, strengthens meaning in life, and augments self-continuity. Furthermore, music-evoked nostalgia serves to buffer individuals against discomforting states, such as sadness. We conclude by discussing music-evoked nostalgia in people with dementia, contemplating the role of individual differences and context, considering the possibility that music-evoked nostalgia serves physiological functions, and asking whether familiarity with the music is necessary for the evocation of nostalgia and its ensuing benefits.

scholarly journals Linking Stressful Experiences and Psychological Problems: The Role of Self-Esteem

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth L. de Moor ◽  
Roos Hutteman ◽  
Kees Korrelboom ◽  
Odilia M. Laceulle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Moderating Role

Stressful experiences have repeatedly been related to psychological problems. The current study extends previous work on stress and psychological problems by examining the link between stressful experiences and both internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems. Additionally, individual differences are investigated by testing the moderating role of self-esteem. Questionnaire data of 750 adolescents aged 12–18 were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Analyses were controlled for sex and socioeconomic status. Results indicated that adolescents who report more stressful experiences are more likely to experience both INT and EXT problems, and these relationships were stronger for adolescents with low self-esteem. Post hoc analyses (e.g., different thresholds for determining stressful experiences) support the robustness of our findings. The findings on self-esteem emphasize the importance of taking individual differences into account in the relation between stressful experiences and psychological problems. The results can be seen as a next step in cross-sectional research.

Agency versus Communion as Predictors of Self-esteem: Searching for the Role of Culture and Self-construal

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Wojciszke ◽  
Olga Bialobrzeska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

AbstractTwo hypotheses concerning the relative importance of agentic versus communal traits as predictors of selfesteem were tested. The perspective hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by agency over communion because self-perceptions are formed from the agent (versus recipient) perspective. The culture hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by communal concerns in collectivistic cultures and by agentic concerns in individualistic cultures (echoed by individual differences in self-construal). Study 1 involving three samples from collectivistic countries and three from individualistic ones found that self-esteem was better predicted from self-ratings of agentic than communal traits, with the exception of collectivistic women for whom the two predictors were equal. Study 2 primed the interdependent or independent self and found self-ratings of agency to be better predictors of self-esteem than self-ratings of communion, with the exception of interdependence priming,where the two predictors were equal in strength.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Association Between Celebrity Worship and Subjective Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Gender and Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Zsila ◽  
Gábor Orosz ◽  
Lynn E. McCutcheon ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Moderating Role

The association of celebrity worship with mental health concerns has been extensively studied in the past two decades. However, there is a lack of research on basic demographic characteristics that can potentially alter the link between celebrity admiration and different aspects of mental health. The present study investigates the possible moderating role of gender, age, and opposite/same-gender celebrity selection on the association of celebrity worship with general well-being, self-esteem and perceived daytime sleepiness. A total of 1763 Hungarian adults (66.42% men, Mage = 37.2 years, SD = 11.4) completed an online survey focusing on attitudes and behaviors relating to celebrities and mental well-being. The moderation analysis showed that (i) the negative association between celebrity worship and self-esteem was slightly stronger for women than for men, and (ii) the association between celebrity worship and perceived daytime sleepiness was slightly stronger for younger individuals than for older ones. Although both gender and age were particularly weak moderators, these results draw the attention to some potential individual differences when interpreting links between celebrity worship and different aspects of mental health.

Effects of Supervisory Behavior: The Role of Individual Differences among Salespeople

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Perceived Performance

The author investigates the effects of supervisory initiation of structure and consideration on salespeople who differ in their specific self-esteem, need for clarity, sales experience, and self-perceived performance. The study findings indicate that specific self-esteem, experience, and self-perceived performance moderate the effects of supervisory behaviors on salespeople. These findings suggest that sales managers should engage in “adaptive supervision” in working with salespeople.

scholarly journals Endogenous emotion generation abilities support adaptive emotion management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Engen ◽  
Philipp Kanske ◽  
Tania Singer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Emotion Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Emotions are frequently thought of as reactions to events in the world. However, many of our emotional experiences are of our own making, coming from thoughts and memories. These different origins mean that these endogenous emotions are more controllable than exogenous emotions, making plausible a role of endogenous emotion in self-regulation and mental health.We tested this idea in a representative sample of 277 individuals (163 female, 20-55 years) who partook in an experiment measuring individual differences in endogenous emotion generation ability and a questionnaire battery measuring individual differences in trait affect and emotional self-regulation style. Two hypotheses for how endogenous emotion generation can facilitate mental health were tested: By buffering negative stressors with self-generated positive emotion enabling use of emotion-focused regulation techniques, or by allowing effective simulation of the emotional consequences of future events, facilitating active and instrumental coping. Support for both hypotheses was found. Consistent with buffering, positive emotion generation ability mediated the relationship between emotion-focused regulation and trait affect, while the ability to generate emotions regardless of valence, was found to mediate the relationship between active and instrumental regulation and trait affect, supporting a simulation account. This suggests role of emotion generation in emotion regulation, a finding of both theoretical and practical implication for mental health interventions.

scholarly journals Teaching strategies in language classes

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
M. del M. Palenzuela Pérez ◽  
O. Murashkina
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Theory Of Multiple Intelligences

Because of the diversity in the classroom, the teacher should develop a series of strategies that allow you to transmit knowledge effectively. Teaching is difficult, even more, in second language classroom, where in addition to the student´s individual differences, such as cognitive styles, motivation and self-esteem, are added others, such as nationality, age or mother tongue.This paper describes the role of the teacher in the classroom and the teaching strategies implemented in the classroom in a context of formal education. Strategies have been developed from the precepts postulated by the theory of multiple intelligences.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

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