Dynamic weakening with grain-damage and implications for slab detachment

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Bellas ◽  
Shijie Zhong ◽  
David Bercovici ◽  
Elvira Mulyukova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Damage ◽  
Dynamic Weakening

IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW-TRAUMATIC TECHNOLOGY OF GRAIN SEPARATION FROM A WHEAT EAR: RESULTS OF THE PILOT STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Pakhomov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Braginets ◽  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
A.I. Rukhlyada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Process ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Partial Abrasion

Low-traumatic technology of grain separation from an ear is developed. It consists in influence of an air jet on an ear.It leads to rolling of an ear on a surface of the threshing device concave and causes its partial abrasion which is followed by grains separation. Process of wheat ears low-traumatic threshing in the experimental device yields satisfactory results, provides reduces grain endosperm damage on 10-12% in comparison with traditional technology. Germ of grain damage decreases by 5%.Crushing of grain made no more than 0,5%. Use of the developed technology of the low-traumatic threshing will allow to reduce grain damage of cereal crops in case of the harvesting. It is important by cereal breeding.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect losses determining the harmfulness of mushrooms p. Fusarium – fusariosis causes wheat speak and grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Yu. K. Shashko ◽  
A. L. Dolgova ◽  
M. N. Shashko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Indirect Losses

Fungi p. Fusarium is one of the most harmful pathogens of wheat diseases. Their harmfulness is caused both by direct losses due to decrease in yield, and indirect as a result of infection of the obtained products with mycotoxins and decrease in process, baking and sowing parameters of grain. Due to high potential losses, analysis of quantitative parameters of harmfulness of fusarium pathogens of spike and grain is relevant. The paper presents data showing the harmfulness of Fusarium of spike and wheat grain. The causes of direct and indirect losses in case of damage to wheat spike by fungi of p. Fusarium. Direct losses of crop yield are shown in the natural conditions of Minsk region and with the epiphytotic development of the disease in case of artificial infection, which can reach over 50 %. The effect of Fusaria on baking properties of wheat is analyzed. It was determined that grain damage causes decrease in weight of 1000 grains and the flour yield when it is used in the milling industry, as well as deterioration in its quality due to decrease in protein and crude gluten level. The effect of pathogens on sowing parameters of grain is determined. It is concluded that for use as seeds in terms of laboratory germination capacity, batches of grain infected with Fusarium only up to 15 % can be accepted. The data obtained will allow us to adapt protective measures against Fusarium of spike and grain and reduce its negative impact on crop yield and quality of the products obtained.

scholarly journals Impact of Environment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Response to Acetone Extract of Gnidia kaussiana Meisn (Thymeleaceae) and Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) Botanical Insecticides

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
D. Kosini ◽  
E. N. Nukenine ◽  
K. H. Tofel ◽  
J. W. Goudoungou ◽  
D. J. Langsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The response of pests to the effects of a botanical insecticide can vary spatially and temporally. To test whether efficacy of botanicals differed spatially, the insecticidal efficacy of Gnidia kaussiana and Ocimum canum against Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in two different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, i.e. Maroua and Ngaoundéré (sudano-sahelian and sudano-guinean zones, respectively). Experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the insect mortality, progeny production, grain damage and weight loss in cowpea. G. kaussiana was more effective against C. maculatus in Maroua (LD50 = 0.12 g/kg at 6th day of exposure) than in Ngaoundéré (LD50 = 4.35 g/kg at 6th day of exposure). Moreover, it was more toxic than O. canum extract and neem seed oil (reference), irrespective to the agro-ecological zones. Overall, the performance of O. canum did not vary significantly between the two zones, and was slightly more active (LD50 = 4.66 g/kg) than the reference insecticide neem seed oil (LD50 = 4.89 g/kg) in Ngaoundéré in contrast to the results recoded in Maroua (LD50 = 1.44 g/kg and 2.60 g/kg, respectively for neem seed oil and O. canum at 6 days post exposure). In view of the above, there were some discrepancies in extract performance between Maroua and Ngaoundéré. Thus, the establishment of dose rates of insecticidal products formulated from G. kaussiana must be specific to an environment in contrast to those from O. canum.

scholarly journals Research on Quality of Maize Grain as a Result of the Application of an Innnovative System for Storing Grain Under Operating Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bartkowiak ◽  
Weronika Gracz ◽  
Damian Marcinkowski ◽  
Damian Skrzypek ◽  
Szymon Wojtaszyk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Maize Grain

AbstractThis study analyses the results of research on the improvement of grain quality using a filling core in a grain silo. The research is a part of the research project aimed at developing an innovative system for drying and storing maize grain that, among other benefits, reduces grain damage. Two series were carried out: a control series, in which a chute was applied as the main element, and an operation series, in which a cascade chute was used for testing. The analysis conducted on the simulated operating conditions showed a 4-5-fold reduction in the amount of grain damaged following the application of the filling core compared with the control series. It has also been shown that a 6-meter cascade chute considerably decreases the velocity of the falling grain when loading the silo.

scholarly journals Brown and Yellow Rust of Wheat in India –Significance of Climate on It’s Races and Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Katravath Srinivas ◽  
Shaik Moizur Rahman ◽  
Manu Yadav ◽  
Mamta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Significant Yield

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops having global economic significance. Grown globally around 215 million hectares area with production of more than 600 million tons. Wheat is constrained in its production due to several biotic factors, among them yellow rust of wheat, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Eriks and Henn. (Pst) and brown rust of wheat, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (Eriks. and E. Henn.) D.M. Henderson (Ptr) continues to be a serious threat and dominant factor limiting its yield potential globally. The estimated yield losses range from 10-70%, while in a severe epidemic the grain damage can be as great as 100%. Pathogens are considered to be favoured by the cooler areas but current races are more adaptable to high temperatures causing significant yield reduction in wheat. In India, prevalent pathotypes for yellow rust include 46S119, 110S119, and 238S119. Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrSp, and YrSk genes are resistant to Pst pathotypes in Indian conditions, while in the case of leaf rust of wheat, prevalent pathotypes are 77-5, 77-9, and 104-2. Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 are the genes having resistance to Ptr pathotypes in Indian conditions. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the stripe and leaf rusts of wheat in India and their virulent races, types of host resistance and provides a tool for effective management of wheat rust disease.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Potency of Eggshell Powder Against Maize Weevil

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Olagunju O.D. ◽  
Rahman M.O. ◽  
Okparavero N.F. ◽  
Abah I.A. ◽  
Odutola B.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Controls

Efficacy of chicken eggshell powder at concentrations 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g /100 g maize, for control of Sitophilus zeamais, were compared with permethrin at dosage rate of 0.167g / 100 g of yellow maize. Experiments were conducted at Biotechnology laboratory (NSPRI), Ilorin under ambient condition (26±3oC 65±5% RH). Mortality of S. zeamais increased with increasing dosages of the CESP as well as with days of exposure. CESP at 2.0g gives 96.67% mortality which is not significantly different from the positive control. The mean progeny emergence (0.00%), weight loss (1.11%), and percentage grain damage (19.68%) by S. zeamais was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased with increased dosage of CESP. However, CESP did not significantly affect seed germination. Total coliform count at 2.0 g (2.48 x 102) was significantly different from both positive and negative controls at p<0.05 Therefore, CESP can serve as a good maize protectant which can be used as substitute for synthetic chemicals.

scholarly journals Detection, causes and consequences of convection currents in bulk-stored grain.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
C.B.S. Uiso ◽  
M.C. Gough ◽  
C.J. Stigter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Grain Bulk ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple theoretical model was derived to predict velocities of intergranular cyclic air convection currents in bulk stored grain for a given temp. difference between outer and inner vertical regions of the bulk. Using a tracer gas, the measured airflow in a laboratory simulation was found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for differences in the range 17-25 degrees C. In tropical field trials in a metal silo, weather-induced intergranular air convection was detected and quantified in practical bulk storage. Significant m.c. increases, proven here to be due to convective air transported moisture, were observed in the top of the grain bulk in laboratory and field experiments. In both cases, troublesome head space condensation occurred. A new way of reducing observed grain damage due to moisture is proposed and the scope for future academic work indicated. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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