Gibberellin reactivates and maintains ovary-wall cell division causing fruit set in parthenocarpic Citrus species

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mesejo ◽  
Roberto Yuste ◽  
Carmina Reig ◽  
Amparo Martínez-Fuentes ◽  
Domingo J. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Wall Cell

scholarly journals Cell layer-specific patterns of cell division and cell expansion during fruit set and fruit growth in tomato pericarp

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Renaudin ◽  
Cynthia Deluche ◽  
Catherine Cheniclet ◽  
Christian Chevalier ◽  
Nathalie Frangne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Fruit Growth

Embryology of Festuca microstachys (Gramineae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 1768-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Maze ◽  
Lesley R. Bohm
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

As the ovary wall develops, some similar events are seen in the dorsal and upper portions. These are as follows: (1) the deposition of many starch grains in most of the ground meristem cells; (2) considerable cell growth in most of the ground meristem cells; (3) the development of a thick outer wall on the outer protoderm of the ovary; and (4) elongation in the protoderm cells lining the inner part of the ovary. Unlike the upper ovary wall, starch grains appear in the outer protoderm cells of the dorsal ovary wall. A cytoplasmically dense layer of cells subjacent to the inner protoderm of the dorsal ovary wall continues to undergo cell division when other ground meristem cells are enlarging. This layer of cytoplasmically dense cells is the only recognizable layer in the ovary wall when the seed is mature. The ovule is bitegmetic, hemianatropous, and tenuinucellate. Integuments are protodermal in origin and both are mostly two cells thick. Cell division is more prolonged in the inner than in the outer integument and the inner layer of the inner integument develops safraninophilic granules in the cytoplasm of its cells. The outer integument is stretched and obliterated before the inner. As a result of faster growth in the basal end of the nucellus, the ovule undergoes a change in orientation from orthotropous to hemianatropous. Periclinal divisions are rare in the nucellar protoderm. The nucellus is eliminated by the time that the seed is mature. Megagametophyte development is normal and callose is associated with megaspores. Unlike most grasses, only three antipodals form but each antipodal is large and contains what appear to be many atypical nuclei. The endosperm initially lacks cell walls but they appear later in development. When the endosperm is cellular, its surface layer is meristematic. Starch grains are numerous in the endosperm cells and the cells have thick walls. The thick walls are a possible source of stored energy. A cuticle on the surface of the endosperm may serve a protective function. Different types of grass ovules are the result of different degrees of the same developmental phenomenon at comparable sites. Relationships as determined by cluster analysis of a similarity matrix based on detailed embryological data show that four members of the tribe Stipeae cluster together and this cluster is separate from a cluster consisting of F. microstachys and Agrostis interrupta. Furthermore, the degree of similarity between the four stipeae was higher than that between F. microstachys and A. interrupta. This correlates well with the modem opinion that Festuca and Agrostis are in separate tribes.

scholarly journals Benzyladenine Affects Cell Division and Cell Size during Apple Fruit Thinning

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Wismer ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor ◽  
D.C. Elfving
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Division Rate ◽  
Return Bloom

Benzyladenine (BA), carbaryl (CB), daminozide (DM), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied postbloom as fruitlet thinning agents to mature `Empire' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. BA, NAA, and CB reduced fruit set and yield per tree, and increased fruit size, percent dry weight, soluble solidscontent and return bloom. Fruit size was reduced, return bloom, length: diameter ratio and flesh firmness were increased, and fruit set and yield unaltered by DM. Although fruit set and yield were similar for BA, NAA, and CB, BA treated fruit were larger, indicating that BA increased fruit size beyond the effect attributable to chemical thinning alone. BA increased the rate of cell layer formation in the fruit cortex, indicating that BA stimulated cortical cell division. NAA, CB and DM had no effect on cell division rate. Mean cortical cell diameter at harvest was increased by NAA and CB and reduced by DM. Cell diameter at harvest in BA-treated fruit was similar to the control. These data support the hypothesis that BA-induced fruit size increase in `Empire' apple results from greater numbers of cells in the fruit cortex, whereas the fruit size increase due to NAA or CB is a consequence of larger cell size. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine [benzyladenine (BA)]; 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NM); 1-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate [carbaryl (CB)]; butanedioic acid mono (2,2dimethyl hydrazide) [daminozide (DM)].

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of cell wall-cell division gene clusters in pathogenic gram-positive cocci.

1997 ◽  
Vol 179 (17) ◽  
pp. 5632-5635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Pucci ◽  
J A Thanassi ◽  
L F Discotto ◽  
R E Kessler ◽  
T J Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Wall Cell ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Differences in Flower and Spur Characteristics of Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 582d-582
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
J.R. Schupp ◽  
D.S. Tustin ◽  
W. Cashmore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Pedicel Length ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Flower and spur characteristics of eight apple cultivars were determined at bloom and following cell division and related to fruit growth over the season. Flower number per spur was higher in `Jonagold', `Fiesta', `Southern Snap', `Royal Gala', than in `Red Chief Delicious', `Pacific Rose' and `Fuji', and the latter three cultivars also had the lowest total flower dry weight per spur. Generally, pedicel length of the king flower was shorter than the lateral, with `Fuji' having the longest king flower pedicel and `Red Chief' and `Pacific Rose' the shortest. At full bloom, `Jonagold' and `Fiesta' had the most leaves/spur, followed by `Fuji', `Southern Snap', `Royal Gala', `Pacific Rose', with `Red Chief' having fewer leaves/spur than all other cultivars. Leaf area/spur was highest in `Jonagold', `Fiesta', `Royal Gala', and `Fuji', followed by `Southern Snap', with `Red Chief' and `Pacific Rose' having lower leaf areas and fruit set than all other cultivars. At the end of cell division, `Fuji' and `Jonagold' had the highest leaf area per spur and `Fuji' and `Royal Gala' the highest bourse leaf area. `Braeburn' and `Red Chief' had lower bourse leaf areas than all other cultivars. `Royal Gala', `Southern Snap', and `Fuji' had the longest bourse shoots and `Red Chief' the shortest.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus G. Don) genes in response to parthenocarpy induced by GA3 through transcriptome analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Wen ◽  
Wenliang Song ◽  
Mingyue Sun ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Qin Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Gibberellin Treatment

AbstractFruit set after successful pollination is a key process in the production of sweet cherries, but low fruit rate is the main problem for crop production in sweet cherries. Gibberellin treatment can directly induce parthenogenesis without pollination; therefore, gibberellin treatment is a very important method to improve the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries. Exogenous gibberellin can satisfy the hormone requirement during fruit growth and development. Some related studies have mainly focused on physiological aspects, such as breeding, branching, fertilization, etc., and the molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry fruit treated with gibberellin during the anthesis and hard-core period to determine the genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set. A total of 765 and 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found at anthesis and the hard-core stage after gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatment, respectively. The differentially expressed genes between the control and GA3 treatment showed that the GA3 response mainly included parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Exogenous gibberellin stimulated sweet cherry parthenocarpy and enlargement, which were verified by qRT-PCR results of related genes and the parthenocarpic fruit set and fruit size. Based on our research and previous studies on Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified the key genes associated with parthenocarpic fruit set and cell division. Briefly, we found patterns in the sweet cherry fruit setting-related DEGs, especially those associated with hormone balance, cytoskeleton formation and cell wall modification. Overall, the result provides a possible molecular mechanism regulating parthenocarpic fruit set, which is important for basic research and industrial development of sweet cherries.Highlightcherry genes in response to parthenocarpy and promote to fruit setting induced by GA3.

The Ultrastructure of the Nuclear Events of Binary Fission in Paramecium bursaria and the Effects of Colchicine on Cell Division

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 276-277
Author(s):  
L. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Paramecium Bursaria ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
Division Axis

The effects of colchicine on extranuclear microtubules associated with the macronucleus of Paramecium bursaria were studied to determine the possible role that these microtubules play in controlling the shape of the macronucleus. In the course of this study, the ultrastructure of the nuclear events of binary fission in control cells was also studied.During interphase in control cells, the micronucleus contains randomly distributed clumps of condensed chromatin and microtubular fragments. Throughout mitosis the nuclear envelope remains intact. During micronuclear prophase, cup-shaped microfilamentous structures appear that are filled with condensing chromatin. Microtubules are also present and are parallel to the division axis.

Stimulated Virus Production in Vinblastine and Cytochalasin-Induced Multinucleate Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Krishan Awtar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Exposure of cells to low sublethal but mitosis-arresting doses of vinblastine sulfate (Velban) results in the initial arrest of cells in mitosis followed by their subsequent return to an “interphase“-like stage. A large number of these cells reform their nuclear membranes and form large multimicronucleated cells, some containing as many as 25 or more micronuclei (1). Formation of large multinucleate cells is also caused by cytochalasin, by causing the fusion of daughter cells at the end of an otherwise .normal cell division (2). By the repetition of this process through subsequent cell divisions, large cells with 6 or more nuclei are formed.

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