Preparation of seeded granules to improve mechanical properties and various drug loading for pharmaceutical application

In this study, we report a new ultrashort peptide (LOC), which forms a redox-sensitive hydrogel after cross-linking with the mild oxidant H2 O2 and used it for tumor-targeted delivery of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). LOC gelled within a few minutes in low-concentration H2 O2 solution. The concentration of H2 O2 significantly altered the gelation time and mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The in vitro micromorphology, secondary structure and rheology characterization of cross-linked hydrogels confirmed the sensitivity and injectability to reducing agent. The cross-linked hydrogel had a strong drug loading capacity, and the drug was released in a GSH concentration-dependent manner, following the Fick diffusion model. In addition, the cross-linked hydrogel showed no cytotoxicity to normal fibroblasts, and no damage to the subcutaneous tissue of mice was observed. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments showed that the DOX-hydrogel system exhibited good anti-cancer efficacy. In vivo studies using 4T1 tumor-bearing mice showed that the DOX-hydrogel system had a significant inhibitory effect on tumors. Therefore, the newly designed redox-sensitive hydrogel can effectively enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DOX and reduce toxicity, making it an attractive biological material.

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A Review of Water-Resistant Cellulose-Based Materials in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Application

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210208113354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Bei He ◽

Xinxin Liu ◽

Shi Qi ◽

Run Zheng ◽

Minmin Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Insoluble Drugs ◽

Good Biocompatibility

Background: Cellulose, huge reserves of natural polymers, have been widely applied in pharmaceutical and biomedicine fields due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and excellent mechanical properties. At present, water-resistant metal-based and petroleum-based materials applied in medical field exists obvious problems of poor biocompatibility and high cost. Therefore, water-resistant cellulose-based materials with good biocompatibility and low price will become an attractive alternative. This review aims to summarize the preparation of water-resistant cellulose-based materials and their potential application in pharmaceutical and biomedical in recent years. Methods: Common hydrophobic treatments of cellulose fibers or paper were overviewed. The preparation, properties and applications of water-resistant cellulose-based materials in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields were summarized. Results: Common hydrophobic treatments of cellulose fibers or paper were divided into chemical modification (graft polymerization, crosslinking, solution casting or dip-coating), physico-chemical surface modifications (plasma treatments, surface patterning, electrostatic spraying and electrowetting) and physical processing (electrostatic spinning, SAS process and 3D EHD printing). These hydrophobically processed cellulose fibers or paper could be prepared into various water-resistant cellulose-based materials and applied in pharmaceutical excipients, drug-loaded amphiphilic micelles, drug-loaded composite fibers, hydrophobic biocomposite film/coatings and paper-based detectors. They presented excellent water resistance and biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and high drug loading ability, and stable drug release rate, etc., which could be used for water-insoluble drugs carriers, wound dressings, and medical testing equipment. Conclusion: Currently, water-resistant cellulose-based materials were mainly applied in water-insoluble drugs delivery carriers, wound dressing and medical diagnosis and presented great application prospects. However, the contradiction between hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of these reported water-resistant cellulose-based materials limited their wider application in biomedicine such as tissue engineering. In the future, attention will be focused on the higher hydrophobicity of water-resistant cellulose-based materials with excellent mechanical properties. In addition, clinical medical research of water-resistant cellulose-based materials should be strengthened.

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Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylated-β-cyclodextrin) hydrogels: Synthesis, cytocompatibility, mechanical properties and drug loading/release properties

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 745-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Jose-Fernando Rosa dos Santos ◽

Ramiro Couceiro ◽

Angel Concheiro ◽

Juan-Jose Torres-Labandeira ◽

Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate

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Mechanically Modulated, Ultra-high Precision Logic Delivery of Molecules by Bio-inspired Macroporous Ceramic Sponge

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.87 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (19-20) ◽

pp. 1125-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Changlu Xu ◽

Yanjie Bai ◽

Huilin Yang ◽

Lei Yang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Pore Structure ◽

High Precision ◽

Cyclic Deformation ◽

Material Characterization ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Compressive Strain ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Controlled Release System

ABSTRACTInspired by sea sponges, porous Al2O3/starch composite sponges were designed and fabricated as a new controlled release system enabling mechano-triggered logic delivery of molecules. Results of material characterization indicate that the all the composite sponges had a high macro-porosity of >80%, and dehydrated sponges revealed favorable pore structure for drug loading and retaining. The composite sponges have moisture-dependent mechanical properties and samples with appropriate moisture contents revealed high resilience and mechanical robustness under cyclic deformation. Based on the unique mechanical properties of the composite sponge, mechanically modulated, nano-gram precision delivery of model molecules was achieved in an AND logic manner gated by both moisture and compressive strain.

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Artificial, Triple-Layered, Nanomembranous Wound Patch for Potential Diabetic Foot Ulcer Intervention

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11112128 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2128 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mostafa Mabrouk ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Yahya E. Choonara ◽

Lisa C. du Toit ◽

Viness Pillay

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Release ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Patch Quality ◽

Moisture Uptake

The present work aims to electrospin a triple layered wound patch for potential treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The patch consisted of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the skin contacting layer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the middle layer, and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the outermost layer, wherein the PVP layer was loaded in situ with an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, CFX). Morphology and mechanical properties were investigated using SEM and texture analysis. Patch quality was studied with regards to wettability, adherence, water resistance, and moisture uptake of individual layers. SEM results confirmed the fibrous and membranous nature of layers with a nano-to-micro size range. Mechanical properties of the composite patch demonstrated a tensile strength of 12.8 ± 0.5 MPa, deformation energy of 54.35 ± 0.1 J/m3, and resilience of 17.8 ± 0.7%, which were superior compared to individual layers. Patch quality tests revealed that the PCL layer showed very low wettability, adherence, and moisture uptake compared to the PVP and PAA layers. In vitro drug release data revealed an increase in cumulative drug release with higher drug loading. The results above confirm the potential of a triple layered, tripolymeric, wound patch for DFU intervention.

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On the effect of macromolecular composition and drug loading on thermal and tensile mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate copolymers

Polymer Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s00289-013-1075-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 533-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariacristina Gagliardi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Butyl Methacrylate ◽

Methacrylate Copolymers ◽

Macromolecular Composition

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INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANICAL, THERMAL, BIO-DEGRADATION, AND BIO-COMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES OF POLY (LACTIC ACID) / POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BLEND

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v22i1.1478 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 223-233

Author(s):

Zohreh Zarinkolah ◽

Hamed Bagheri ◽

Saman Hosseinkhani ◽

Maryam Nikkhah

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Burst Release ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Absorbable Sutures

Absorbable sutures are widely used in surgery. In addition to acceptable mechanical properties, the surgical sutures should exhibit favorable degradability properties. In this research, the mechanical and thermal properties, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, pH changes, and drug release profile of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) alloy were examined to fabricate absorbable sutures. The test results for the mechanical properties showed that the strength of the PLA/PEG alloy decreased with increasing PEG content, leading to an increase in elongation. The differential thermal analysis indicated that the resulting material was above its glass transition temperature (Tg) at ambient temperature and was thus flexible enough. According to the degradation test results, the alloys were degraded similar to the commercial sample. Furthermore, the pH measurements revealed that the degradation of the alloy had no significant effect on the pH of the environment. Bupivacaine hydrochloride was incorporated into a certain amount of PLA and PEG, and the drug release rate was then measured. The sample provided a suitable substrate for burst release. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test was carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility properties of the PLA/PEG alloy and it was found that this alloy is biocompatible and the biocompatibility of the material decreases with increasing drug loading. ABSTRAK: Sutur boleh serap telah digunakan dalam pembedahan secara meluas. Tambahan kepada sifat-sifat mekanikal ini, sutur pembedahan perlu memiliki ciri-ciri kebolehurain yang dikehendaki. Dalam kajian ini, sifat-sifat mekanikal dan terma, kehidrofilikan, kebolehuraian, perubahan pH, dan profil penguraian ubat asid polilaktik (PLA) dan aloi polietilena glikol (PEG) telah dikaji bagi mencipta sutur boleh serap. Hasil kajian mendapati sifat-sifat mekanikal menunjukkan kekuatan PLA/PEG aloi berkurangan dengan penambahan level PEG, menyebabkan bertambahnya pemanjangan. Analisis pembezaan terma menunjukkan hasil bahan adalah melepasi suhu perubahan gelas (Tg) pada suhu sekitar dan oleh itu sangat lentur. Berdasarkan hasil kajian degradasi, aloi ini telah digradasi seperti sampel komersial. Tambahan lagi, ukuran pH menunjukkan degradasi aloi ini tidak menunjukkan kesan langsung pada pH persekitaran. Bupivacaine hidroklorida dimasukkan ke dalam PLA dan PEG, dan kadar ubat dibebaskan kemudiannya diukur. Sampel substrat yang bersesuian disediakan bagi pelepas letus. Tambahan, ujian Kesitotoksikan telah dijalankan bagi menilai ciri-ciri keserasian-bio aloi PLA/PEG dan didapati aloi ini serasi-bio dan keserasian-bio bahan berkurangan dengan penambahan beban ubat.

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Advances in interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels and their applications

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2014-0713 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. 1707-1721 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ecaterina Stela Dragan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽

The Novel ◽

Artificial Cornea ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Highly Stretchable

Abstract Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels brought distinct benefits compared to single network hydrogels like more widely controllable physical properties, and (frequently) more efficient drug loading/release. However, IPN strategy is not sufficient to design hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties required for regenerative medicine like replacement of natural cartilage or artificial cornea. Some of the novel techniques promoted last decade for the preparation of IPN hydrogels which fulfill these requirements are discussed in the review. Among them, “double network” strategy had a strong contribution in the development of a large variety of hydrogels with spectacular mechanical properties at water content up to 90 %. Using cryogelation in tandem with IPN strategy led to composite cryogels with high mechanical properties and high performances in separation processes of ionic species. Highly stretchable and extremely tough hydrogels have been obtained by combining a covalently cross-linked synthetic network with an ionically cross-linked alginate network. IPN hydrogels with tailored mesh size have been also reported.

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