scholarly journals INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANICAL, THERMAL, BIO-DEGRADATION, AND BIO-COMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES OF POLY (LACTIC ACID) / POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BLEND

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Zohreh Zarinkolah ◽  
Hamed Bagheri ◽  
Saman Hosseinkhani ◽  
Maryam Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Absorbable Sutures

Absorbable sutures are widely used in surgery. In addition to acceptable mechanical properties, the surgical sutures should exhibit favorable degradability properties. In this research, the mechanical and thermal properties, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, pH changes, and drug release profile of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) alloy were examined to fabricate absorbable sutures. The test results for the mechanical properties showed that the strength of the PLA/PEG alloy decreased with increasing PEG content, leading to an increase in elongation. The differential thermal analysis indicated that the resulting material was above its glass transition temperature (Tg) at ambient temperature and was thus flexible enough. According to the degradation test results, the alloys were degraded similar to the commercial sample. Furthermore, the pH measurements revealed that the degradation of the alloy had no significant effect on the pH of the environment. Bupivacaine hydrochloride was incorporated into a certain amount of PLA and PEG, and the drug release rate was then measured. The sample provided a suitable substrate for burst release. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test was carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility properties of the PLA/PEG alloy and it was found that this alloy is biocompatible and the biocompatibility of the material decreases with increasing drug loading. ABSTRAK: Sutur boleh serap telah digunakan dalam pembedahan secara meluas. Tambahan kepada sifat-sifat mekanikal ini, sutur pembedahan perlu memiliki ciri-ciri kebolehurain yang dikehendaki. Dalam kajian ini, sifat-sifat mekanikal dan terma, kehidrofilikan, kebolehuraian, perubahan pH, dan profil penguraian ubat asid polilaktik (PLA) dan aloi polietilena glikol (PEG) telah dikaji bagi mencipta sutur boleh serap. Hasil kajian mendapati sifat-sifat mekanikal menunjukkan kekuatan PLA/PEG aloi berkurangan dengan penambahan level PEG, menyebabkan bertambahnya pemanjangan. Analisis pembezaan terma menunjukkan hasil bahan adalah melepasi suhu perubahan gelas (Tg) pada suhu sekitar dan oleh itu sangat lentur. Berdasarkan hasil kajian degradasi, aloi ini telah digradasi seperti sampel komersial. Tambahan lagi, ukuran pH menunjukkan degradasi aloi ini tidak menunjukkan kesan langsung pada pH persekitaran. Bupivacaine hidroklorida dimasukkan ke dalam PLA dan PEG, dan kadar ubat dibebaskan kemudiannya diukur. Sampel substrat yang bersesuian disediakan bagi pelepas letus. Tambahan, ujian Kesitotoksikan telah dijalankan bagi menilai ciri-ciri keserasian-bio aloi PLA/PEG dan didapati aloi ini serasi-bio dan keserasian-bio bahan berkurangan dengan penambahan beban ubat.

DLP 3D printing of Dexamethasoneincorporated PEGDA-based photopolymers: compressive properties and drug release

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Robert Mau ◽  
Thomas Reske ◽  
Thomas Eickner ◽  
Niels Grabow ◽  
Hermann Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Drug Load ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractPhotopolymerizing, high-resolution 3D printing methods such as Stereolithography (SLA) or Digital Light Processing (DLP) are very promising for the manufacturing of drug-incorporated, patient specific implants. However, a drug-load may be limited by adequately solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the photopolymer. Furthermore, a drug-load may affect the mechanical properties of the material negatively. Here, we investigate the DLP 3D printing of drugincorporated photopolymers. Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA, Mn = 700 g/mol) is used as matrix polymer and Dexamethasone (DEX) is used for drug-loading (10 g/L and 20 g/L). Compressive properties, drug release and drug stability of 3D printed test samples were analyzed. DEX was found to be sparingly soluble in the PEGDA-based photopolymer. Not all drug particles can be dissolved at a concentration of 20 g/L and a slurry-like suspension is formed. Drug-incorporated photopolymers of 10 g/L (solution) and 20 g/L (suspension) were processed successfully via DLP. The higher the drug-load, the lower the compressive strength. Mechanical properties can be improved via a post-curing in a UV light curing box. Drug-incorporated 3D printed test samples show burst-release of DEX. The post-curing process does not affect drug release. DEX degrades in 3D-printed test samples significantly (~ 30 %) over a several days time period.

Synthesys and Characterization of PLA-CNC Matrix for Antidiabetic Drug Release Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Nufus Kanani ◽  
Yenny Meliana ◽  
Endarto Yudo Wardhono ◽  
Rahmayetty ◽  
Sri Agustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug

Recently, drug nanoparticles formulation using Poly Lactic Acid-Cellulose nanocrystal (PLA-CNC) have been introduced. PLA-CNC were prepared by emulsion method for antidiabetic drug delivery applications. PLA is one of polymer which potentially used as raw material of drug delivery because it has the ability to bind and carry drugs into cell target, but the hydrophilic character of PLA can cause the degradation of PLA in the body run slowly, so it is necessary combining PLA with CNC to improve its property. In this study, special attention has been given to the modification of PLA-CNC as a drug delivery matrix to obtain the optimum drug release of antidiabetic drugs. In this study drug release analysis was conducted at 35-39 °C and pH range 3 to 9 with varied of time dissolution 0 to 180 min. PLA-CNC matrixs were characterized using FTIR and SEM, its drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior was determined by using UV spectrophotometer. It gave the initial burst release at the first hour at 37 °C pH 3.

scholarly journals Effect of Extracted Microcrystalline Cellulose from Dracaenea arborea Stem on Aceclophenac Tablet Formulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
J. I. Ordu ◽  
I. E. Udenze
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Hydration Capacity

Micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) is a major derivative from the bio composite of natural materials such as D. arborea plant stem. It could be useful as a secondary binder and disintegrant in tablet formulation especially following direct compression technique anticipating it to provide high level of disintegration at low use level and utilizing dual mechanisms of wicking and swelling. Tablets of aceclofenac a BCS class II and non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) which potently inhibits the cyclo oxygenase enzyme (COX-2) involved in prostaglandin synthesis was formulated by direct compression using MCC from D. arborea stem. Qualitative assessment of the plant extract was carried out and the presence of cellulose confirmed by the appearance of violet – blue coloration while the physicochemical and physicotechnical properties were comparatively evaluated with reference to avicel and corn starch. Three batches of aceclofenac tablets involving Batch A (D. arborea MCC), Batch B (Corn starch) and Batch C (Corn starch and D. arborea MCC in a 1:1 ratio), were implcated in the formulation. Physicochemical study of the MCC reveals a pH of 7.8, mean swelling index 1.14±0.05 ml and hydration capacity of 3.60±0.15 g while the pH of corn starch is 3.90 with swelling and hydration capacity at 5.09±0.03 ml and 8.26±0.01 g respectively. Quality control evaluation of resulting tablet was investigated and the wetting time of batch A tablets was 1.50, batch B 2.30 and batch C 1.80 with percentage moisture content (%) of 60.5, 56.56 and 57.8 and disintegration time (minutes) of 0.22±0.07, 0.35±0.051 and 1.60±0.286 respectively. The drug release profile of batch A, reveals an initial burst release within 10 minutes followed by gradual release while batch C had consistent drug release which was maintained although faster than that of batch A after 10 minutes but batch B had the least drug release rate.

Influence of extrusion screw speed on the properties of halloysite nanotube impregnated polylactic acid nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitra Venkatesh ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Zhi Cao ◽  
Shane Brennan ◽  
Ian Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Halloysite Nanotube ◽  
The Past

Abstract Poly (lactic acid)/halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) nanocomposites have been studied extensively over the past few years owing to the interesting properties of the polymer, PLA, and the nanoclay, HNT, individually and as composites. In this paper, the influence of the screw speed during extrusion was investigated and was found to have a significant impact on the mechanical and thermal performance of the extruded PLA/HNT nanocomposites. To determine the effect of screw speed on PLA/HNT nanocomposites, 5 and 10 wt% of HNTs were blended into the PLA matrix through compounding at screw speeds of 40, 80, and 140 rpm. Virgin PLA was compounded for comparison. The resultant polymer melt was quench cooled onto a calendar system to produce composite films which were assessed for mechanical, thermal, chemical, and surface properties. Results illustrate that in comparison to 40 and 80 rpm, the virgin PLA when compounded at 140 rpm, indicated a significant increase in the mechanical properties. The PLA/HNT 5 wt% nanocomposite compounded at 140 rpm showed significant improvement in the dispersion of HNTs in the PLA matrix which in turn enhanced the mechanical and thermal properties. This can be attributed to the increased melt shear at higher screw speeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Selected Commercial Plasticizers on Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer Biodegradable Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Print

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Přemysl Menčík ◽  
Radek Přikryl ◽  
Ivana Stehnová ◽  
Veronika Melčová ◽  
Soňa Kontárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biodegradable Blends

This paper explores the influence of selected commercial plasticizers structure, which are based on esters of citric acid, on mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid)/Plasticizer biodegradable blends. These plasticizers were first tested with respect to their miscibility with Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(lactic acid) (PHB/PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB/PLA/plasticizer blends in the weight ratio (wt %) of 60/25/15 were then prepared by single screw and corotating meshing twin screw extruders in the form of filament for further three-dimensional (3D) printing. Mechanical, thermal properties, and shape stability (warping effect) of 3D printed products can be improved just by the addition of appropriate plasticizer to polymeric blend. The goal was to create new types of eco-friendly PHB/PLA/plasticizers blends and to highly improve the poor mechanical properties of neat PHB/PLA blends (with majority of PHB) by adding appropriate plasticizer. Mechanical properties of plasticized blends were then determined by the tensile test of 3D printed test samples (dogbones), as well as filaments. Measured elongation at break rapidly enhanced from 21% for neat non-plasticized PHB/PLA blends (reference) to 328% for best plasticized blends in the form of filament, and from 5% (reference) to 187% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. The plasticizing effect on blends was confirmed by Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The study of morphology was performed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Significant problem of plasticized blends used to be also plasticizer migration, therefore the diffusion of plasticizers from the blends after 15 days of exposition to 110 °C in the drying oven was investigated as their measured weight loss. Almost all of the used plasticizers showed meaningful positive softening effects, but the diffusion of plasticizers at 110 °C exposition was quite extensive. The determination of the degree of disintegration of selected plasticized blend when exposed to a laboratory-scale composting environment was executed to roughly check the “biodegradability”.

scholarly journals Drug Release from a Spherical Matrix: Theoretical Analysis for a Finite Dissolution Rate Affected by Geometric Shape of Dispersed Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Yung-Sheng Lin ◽  
Ruey-Yug Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Spherical Geometry ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Drug Release Rate

Amending the neglect of finite dissolution in traditional release models, this study proposed a more generalized drug release model considering the simultaneous dissolution and diffusion procedure from a drug-loaded spherical matrix. How the shape factor (n = 0, 1/2, and 2/3 for the planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometry, respectively) of dispersed drug particles affected the release from the matrix was examined for the first time. Numerical solutions of this generalized model were validated by consensus with a short-time analytical solution for planar drugs and by the approach of the diffusion-controlled limits with Higuchi’s model. The drug release rate increases with the ratio of dissolution/diffusion rate (G) and the ratio of solubility/drug loading (K) but decreases with the shape factor of drug particles. A zero-order release profile is identified for planar drugs before starting the surface depletion layer, and also found for cylindrical and spherical dispersed drugs when K and G are small, i.e. the loaded drug is mainly un-dissolved and the drug release rate is dissolution-controlled. It is also shown that for the case of a small G value, the variation of drug release profile, due to the drug particle geometry, becomes prominent. Detailed comparison with the results of the traditional Higuchi’s model indicates that Higuchi’s model can be applied only when G is large because of the assumption of an instantaneous dissolution. For K = 1/101–1/2, the present analysis suggests an error of 33–85% for drug release predicted by Higuchi’s model for G = 100, 14–44% error for G = 101, while a less than 5% error for G ≧ 103.

Development and Characterization of Binary Solid Lipid Nano Suspension of Atorvastatin: In-Vitro Drug Release and In-Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522-1530
Author(s):  
Mahwish Kamran ◽  
Mir Azam Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shafique ◽  
Maqsood ur Rehman ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Solid Lipid

Atorvastatin is an extensively used lipid lowering agent. But the vital issue associated with it is low oral bioavailability (12%) owing to poor aqueous solubility. To overcome this tribulation, binary solid lipid nano suspension of Atorvastatin (ATO) was formulated by solvent diffusion method. The combination of stearic acid and oleic acid was utilized as a lipid carrier with Tween-80 (surfactant) along with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (co-surfactant). Optimized nano formulation was prepared by changing the formulation variables. Optimized nano suspension (ATO-4) represented particle size 228.3 ± 2.1 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) 0.225 ± 0.02 with zeta potential (ZP) – 33.6 ± 0.02 mV. Encapsulation efficiency along with drug loading capacity was 88.3 ± 2.5% and 4.9 ± 0.14% respectively. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis exposed spherical shaped amorphous particles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD) established reduction in drug's crystalline state. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy exposed no interaction amongst the drug and formulation contents. In-vitro studies revealed sustained pattern of drug release. Stability studies confirmed refrigerated temperature as most suitable for storage of binary solid lipid nano suspension. Plasma concentration versus time curve ascertained 2.78-fold increase in oral bioavailability of ATO nano suspension compared to the marketed product (Lipitor®). Findings proposed desired improvement in oral bioavailability of ATO nano suspension with sustained drug release profile. Thus, binary solid lipid nano suspension could be utilized as an advanced drug delivery system for oral deliverance of hydrophobic drugs.

Drug release profile and reduction in the in vitro burst release from pectin/HEMA hydrogel nanocomposites crosslinked with titania

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 19060-19068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela P. da Silva ◽  
Marcos R. Guilherme ◽  
Francielle P. Garcia ◽  
Celso V. Nakamura ◽  
Lucio Cardozo-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Hydrogel Nanocomposites

Hydrogel nanocomposites of pectin, HEMA and titania for Vit-B12 controlled release with reduced initial release burst were prepared. A reduction of up to ca. 60% was observed.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Melt Blended with High Molecular Weight PEG Modified with Peroxide and Organo-Clay

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchai Thongpina ◽  
Chaiwat Tippuwanan ◽  
Kwanchai Buaksuntear ◽  
Teerani Chuawittayawuta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cloisite 30B

The thermal and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) blended with high molecular weight PEG, i.e. PEG1000 and PEG6000 were compared. The contents of PEG added were 10, 12.5 and 15 % by weight, with respect to PLA. The PLA/PEG blends were modified by addition of organic peroxide in order to induced crosslinking. Addition of organic modified montmorrillonite (Cloisite 30B, C30B) was also performed in order to modify mechanical performance of PLA/PEG blends. C30B was prepared via master batch in PLA. Morphology, crystallization, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated using SEM, DSC, TGA and universal testing macine, respectively. Morphology of cryogenic fracture surface showed smooth brittle surface. PEG1000 well plasticized PLA where as PEG6000 shows better thermal stability and mechanical properties. The presence of PEG induced PLA to perform cold crystallization. Tm in PLA was slightly changed whereas degree of crystallinity of PLA was improved by PEG but slightly decreased by peroxide. The thermal stability of PLA was enhanced with the addtion of PEG6000. The toughening of PLA was confirmed by the increment of elongation at break. The exfoliation of C30B was interfered by the crosslink PLA. Then tensile strength of PLA/PEG/C30B/Luperox101 was then suppressed. The optimum properties, in term of toughening and thermal stability, were found at PEG content of 10 % rather than 15% by weight, for both PEG1000 and PEG6000.

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