scholarly journals Possible role of available phosphorus in potentiating the use of low-protein diets for broiler chicken production

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 6954-6963
Author(s):  
A.J. Cowieson ◽  
R. Perez-Maldonado ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
M. Toghyani
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Protease Supplementation and its Effect on Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Broiler Chicken Fed Low Protein Diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Chisty Syed Salman ◽  
Sunil Nayak ◽  
R.P.S. Baghel ◽  
C.D. Malapure ◽  
Kumar Govil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HOMOCYSTINE IN PROTECTING PROTEIN-DEPLETED DOGS EXPOSED TO FATAL DOSES OF CHLOROFORM

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
George P. Vennart ◽  
Frank W. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Lethal Action ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Depletion Period ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Cellular Destruction

In dogs maintained on low protein diets and subjected to phlebotomy over a long period of time, the inhalation of chloroform, for 30 minutes, produced uniform fatality within 48 hours. The histological changes of massive hepato-cellular destruction were observed at autopsy. Homocystine, in the amount of 2.0 gm., given orally 2 hours after or 2 hours prior to the administration of chloroform, protected dogs against the lethal action of the toxin. Inconstant changes in fibrinogen and icteric indices were observed in the protected animals, indicating some mild liver damage, but this was not correlated with the length of the previous depletion period, the phase of the experiment, or any other factor. No evidence was obtained that methyl groups are necessary for the protection of the liver by homocystine.

Effect of prebiotic on lipid profile of broiler chicks

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
S Amirdahri ◽  
H Janmohammadi ◽  
A Taghizadeh ◽  
R Estakhri
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Protein Diets

Research on poultry genetics, feeding and management for BWG and FCR resulted in fast growth but decreased the quality of poultry products as modern fast growing broilers have been found to contain higher amount of abdominal fat (Chambers et al, 1981). Most recently considerable attention has been paid to test the potency of growth promo ants on altering lipid metabolism, because, Word Health Organization suggest that excess fat deposition is undesirable in human body. Recent report suggested that feeding of chicory beta fructans; a prebiotic reduced the serum cholesterol and abdominal fat of broiler chicken. The present study was undertaken to study the effect of Aspergillus meal prebiotic (Fermacto) on abdominal fat, serum total cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels in low protein diets.

FGF21 prevents low protein diet-induced renal inflammation in aged mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Fang ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Landon Sims ◽  
Kirsten P. Stone ◽  
Cristal M Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protein Diets

Low protein diets extend lifespan through a comprehensive improvement in metabolic health across multiple tissues and organs. Many of these metabolic responses to protein restriction are secondary to transcriptional activation and release of FGF21 from the liver. However, the effects of a low protein (LP) diet on the kidney in the context of aging has not been examined. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of chronic consumption of a LP diet on the kidney in aging mice lacking FGF21. Wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) and FGF21 KO mice were fed a normal protein (NP, 20% casein) or a LP (5% casein) diet ad libitum from 3 to19 months of age. The LP diet led to a decrease in kidney weight and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in both WT and FGF21 KO mice. Although the LP diet produced only mild fibrosis and infiltration of leukocytes in WT kidneys, the effects were significantly exacerbated by the absence of FGF21. Accordingly, transcriptomic analysis showed that inflammation-related pathways were significantly enriched and upregulated in response to LP diet in FGF21 KO but not WT mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the LP diet negatively affected the kidney during aging, but in the absence of FGF21, the LP diet-induced renal damage and inflammation were significantly worse, indicating a protective role of FGF21 in the kidney.

The Role of the Colon in Urea Metabolism in Man

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gibson ◽  
N. J. Park ◽  
G. E. Sladen ◽  
A. M. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Colonic Lumen ◽  
Urea Metabolism ◽  
Protein Diets

1. The urea content of ileostomy effluent has been measured by the urease method as an indirect estimate of the urea concentration in the lumen of the normal ileum. 2. The plasma disappearance of intravenously administered [14C]urea was used to study intestinal urea breakdown. Normal subjects on high and low protein diets and patients with either excised (i.e. with ileostomies) or excluded colons were studied. 3. The 24 h intestinal urea breakdown was considerably greater than the quantity of urea estimated to be entering the colon from the ileum and across the colonic mucosa. 4. Intestinal urea breakdown increased with increase in dietary protein and decreased with, but was not abolished by, exclusion or excision of the colon. 5. Our results suggest that the colonic lumen is not the only site of intestinal ureolysis and that significant quantities of urea must be broken down either at a juxtamucosal site or in the ileum.

scholarly journals Evidence for a role of the ileum in the control of nitrogen homeostasis via the regulation of arginine metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ventura ◽  
C. Moinard ◽  
F. Sinico ◽  
V. Carrière ◽  
V. Lasserre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limited Protein ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Protein Diets

As arginine plays a key role in the regulation of liver ureagenesis, we hypothesised that a modulation of enzymes involved in arginine metabolism within the intestine contributes to the regulation of N homeostasis according to protein supply. Our aim was to study the influence of variations in protein or amino acid (AA) supply on intestinal arginase, glutaminase, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), argininosuccinate lyase and argininosuccinate synthetase. We evaluated in vivo in rats the responses of these enzymes to short-term (ST, 16 h) and long-term (LT, 15 d) variations in dietary protein (10, 17 or 25 % protein diet). In addition, in order to test whether these responses could involve a direct action of AA on the gene expression and activity of these enzymes, Caco-2/TC7 cells were cultured for 3 d with increasing AA concentrations. In vivo, in the ST, both high- and low-protein diets increased arginase activity in the intestinal mucosa (ST25 %: 46 (sem 2) μmol/g per min and ST10 %: 46 (sem 2) μmol/g per min v. ST17 %: 36 (sem 3) μmol/g per min, P < 0·05). In the LT, OAT expression was increased in the LT10 % group (+277 %, P < 0·05) compared with the LT17 % group. Caco-2/TC7 cells showed inverse relationships between AA supply and arginase (P = 0·058) and OAT (P = 0·035) expressions. The present study demonstrates the regulation of intestinal arginase and OAT expressions in response to protein supply. Our in vitro experiments further indicate a direct AA-induced regulation of the mRNA abundance of these enzymes. In situations of limited protein supply, this regulation would increase intestinal arginine catabolism and, possibly via a decrease in arginine portal release, decrease hepatic AA oxidation, thus promoting N sparing.

scholarly journals The influence of maternal protein nutrition on offspring development and metabolism: the role of glucocorticoids

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Almond ◽  
P. Bikker ◽  
M. Lomax ◽  
M. E. Symonds ◽  
A. Mostyn
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neonatal Body Composition ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Diets

The consequences of sub-optimal nutrition through alterations in the macronutrient content of the maternal diet will not simply be reflected in altered neonatal body composition and increased mortality, but are likely to continue into adulthood and confer greater risk of metabolic disease. One mechanism linking manipulations of the maternal environment to an increased risk of later disease is enhanced fetal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC). Tissue sensitivity to cortisol is regulated, in part, by the GC receptor and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) types 1 and 2. Several studies have shown the effects of maternal undernutrition, particularly low-protein diets, on the programming of GC action in the offspring; however, dietary excess is far more characteristic of the diets consumed by contemporary pregnant women. This study investigated the programming effects of moderate protein supplementation in pigs throughout pregnancy. We have demonstrated an up-regulation of genes involved in GC sensitivity, such as GC receptor and 11β-HSD, in the liver, but have yet to detect any other significant changes in these piglets, with no differences observed in body weight or composition. This increase in GC sensitivity was similar to the programming effects observed following maternal protein restriction or global undernutrition during pregnancy.

Nutritional Issues with Incremental Dialysis: The Role of Low-Protein Diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Locatelli ◽  
Lucia Del Vecchio ◽  
Valeria Aicardi
Keyword(s):  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

The role of thyroid hormones in the growth hormone response to protein restriction in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Lauterio ◽  
C. G. Scanes
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Protein Diets

ABSTRACT The possible role of thyroid hormones in the rise in plasma GH observed in protein-restricted chicks was examined. Increased sensitivity of protein-restricted chicks to secretagogue challenge (TRH or GH-releasing factor) appears to account, at least in part, for increased GH concentrations in protein-restricted chicks. Thyroid hormones administered acutely were able to suppress plasma GH concentrations in protein-restricted chicks. Further, chronic thyroid hormone supplementation to low protein diets normalized circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and also normalized the response to GH secretagogue challenge. This decreased sensitivity to TRH provocation occurred without an accompanying change in plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I, a reputed inhibitor of GH secretion in the chicken. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 223–228

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