Measurement of waist circumference at different sites affects the detection of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients

Objective: Various organizations have highlighted the need to examine whether abdominal obesity cut-points are appropriate for identification of cardiovascular risk among ethnic minority adults, particularly Hispanic/Latino living in western societies. This study aimed (1) to establish optimal definitions for abdominal obesity among Hispanic/Latinos, and (2) determine the level of agreement between the presence of metabolic syndrome diagnosed by the current Joint Interim Statement (IJS) definition and an updated definition with optimal abdominal obesity cut points. Research Design and Methods: The sample included 16,289 adults who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino ages 18-74 years enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to derive sensitivity and specificity values. The largest sum of sensitivity plus specificity was used to determine appropriate cut-points. Results: Among US Hispanic/Latino adults, waist circumference cut points of >102 cm in men (in line with current IJS criteria) and >97 cm (9 points higher than IJS criteria) in women provide optimal discrimination for cardiovascular risk as judged by the presence of coronary heart disease. When using these cut points to create an updated metabolic syndrome definition among women, we found disagreement between our updated definition and the current IJS criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was overestimated by about 5% points among women based on IJS criteria when compared to our definition. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the current recommendations for waist circumference cut-points may not be appropriate for US Hispanic/Latino women.

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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with body fat distribution in middle-aged individuals from Indonesia and the Netherlands: a cross-sectional analysis of two population-based studies

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-019-0503-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fathimah S. Sigit ◽

Dicky L. Tahapary ◽

Stella Trompet ◽

Erliyani Sartono ◽

Ko Willems van Dijk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dutch Population ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies among populations with different ethnicities. Asian populations develop metabolic complications at lower amounts of adiposity than western populations. The role of abdominal obesity in the metabolic differences between the two populations is poorly understood. Objectives Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the relative contribution of its components in the Indonesian and the Dutch population, as well as to examine the associations of overall and abdominal obesity with metabolic syndrome. Methods In this cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study (n = 6602) and the Indonesian National Health Surveillance (n = 10,575), metabolic syndrome was defined by the unified IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. We performed logistic and linear regressions to examine associations of BMI and waist circumference with the metabolic syndrome, mutually adjusted for waist circumference and BMI. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28% and 46% in Indonesian men and women, and 36% and 24% in Dutch men and women. The most prominent components were hypertension (61%) and hyperglycemia (51%) in the Indonesian, and hypertension (62%) and abdominal obesity (40%) in the Dutch population. Per SD in BMI and waist circumference, odds ratios (ORs, 95% CI) of metabolic syndrome were 1.5 (1.3–1.8) and 2.3 (1.9–2.7) in Indonesian men and 1.7 (1.2–2.5) and 2.9 (2.1–4.1) in Dutch men. The ORs of metabolic syndrome were 1.4 (1.2–1.6) and 2.3 (2.0–2.7) in Indonesian women and 1.0 (0.8–1.3) and 4.2 (3.2–5.4) in Dutch women. Conclusion More Indonesian women than men have metabolic syndrome, whereas the opposite is true for the Dutch population. In both the Indonesian and the Dutch populations, hypertension is the primary contributor to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. In both populations, abdominal adiposity was more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than overall adiposity.

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Defining abdominal obesity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the US: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

10.2337/figshare.12241073 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Diana A. Chirinos ◽

Maria M. Llabre ◽

Ronald Goldberg ◽

Marc Gellman ◽

Armando Mendez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Community Health ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Health Study ◽

Cut Points ◽

Hispanic Community

Objective: Various organizations have highlighted the need to examine whether abdominal obesity cut-points are appropriate for identification of cardiovascular risk among ethnic minority adults, particularly Hispanic/Latino living in western societies. This study aimed (1) to establish optimal definitions for abdominal obesity among Hispanic/Latinos, and (2) determine the level of agreement between the presence of metabolic syndrome diagnosed by the current Joint Interim Statement (IJS) definition and an updated definition with optimal abdominal obesity cut points. Research Design and Methods: The sample included 16,289 adults who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino ages 18-74 years enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to derive sensitivity and specificity values. The largest sum of sensitivity plus specificity was used to determine appropriate cut-points. Results: Among US Hispanic/Latino adults, waist circumference cut points of >102 cm in men (in line with current IJS criteria) and >97 cm (9 points higher than IJS criteria) in women provide optimal discrimination for cardiovascular risk as judged by the presence of coronary heart disease. When using these cut points to create an updated metabolic syndrome definition among women, we found disagreement between our updated definition and the current IJS criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was overestimated by about 5% points among women based on IJS criteria when compared to our definition. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the current recommendations for waist circumference cut-points may not be appropriate for US Hispanic/Latino women.

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Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/bpenninx ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Future Research ◽

Longitudinal Impact ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Duration Of Symptoms ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Psychiatric Conditions

Psychiatric patients have a greater risk of premature mortality, predominantly due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Convincing evidence shows that psychiatric conditions are characterized by an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. This increased risk is present for a range of psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is some evidence for a dose-response association with the severity and duration of symptoms and for a bidirectional longitudinal impact between psychiatric disorders and MetS. Associations generally seem stronger with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia dysregulations than with hypertension. Contributing mechanisms are an unhealthy lifestyle and a poor adherence to medical regimen, which are prevalent among psychiatric patients. Specific psychotropic medications have also shown a profound impact in increasing MetS dysregulations. Finally, pleiotropy in genetic vulnerability and pathophysiological mechanisms, such as those leading to the increased central and peripheral activation of immunometabolic or endocrine systems, plays a role in both MetS and psychiatric disorder development. The excess risk of MetS and its unfavorable somatic health consequences justifies a high priority for future research, prevention, close monitoring, and treatment to reduce MetS in the vulnerable psychiatric patient.

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P1269 Relationship between left ventricle mass index and abdominal obesity in patients with metabolic syndrome hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jez319.719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Furman-Niedziejko ◽

P Rostoff ◽

I Palka ◽

M Golonka ◽

K Golinska-Grzybala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Left Ventricle Mass ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Diagnosis Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Background There is evidence that metabolic syndrome (MS), as a cluster of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk factors, is associated with increased left ventricle mass index (LVMI). According to the 2009 IDF criteria of MS diagnosis, elevated waist circumference (≥94 cm in M, ≥80 cm in F), as a determinant of abdominal obesity (AO), is not an obligatory component of MS. Little is known about the relation of abdominal obesity to LVMI in pts with ACS. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between abdominal obesity and LVMI, determined as LVM/H2,7, in patients with MS hospitalized due to ACS. Methods 444 consecutive pts were enrolled based on ACS diagnosis. The pts were divided into two groups depending on MS diagnosis: group A – 310 pts with MS and AO (205 M, mean age 63.3 ± 10.5 yrs), group B - 134 pts without MS (101 M, mean age 61,4 ± 12.7 yrs). The group A was divided to two subgroups depending on AO diagnosis: group A1 - 288 pts with MS and AO (185 M, mean age 63.4 ± 10.2 yrs and group A2 - 22 pts with MS without AO (19 M, mean age 62,6 ± 12.7 yrs). In all enrolled pts hypertension was diagnosed. Results A significant difference was found between group A and B with the respect to LVMI (68.4 ± 25.9 vs. 58.3 ± 16.5, p < 0.05). In the group B, a significant association was found between LVMI and waist circumference (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), weight (r = 0.22, p = 0.012), as well as BMI (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). In group A, LVMI was significantly correlated only with weight (r = 0.24, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between pts with AO and without AO with respect to LVMI (68.9 ± 26.2 vs. 61.4 ± 20.9, p = 0.187). Conclusion 1. In individuals without MS hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome significant positive correlation was found between LVMI and waist circumference, weight as well as BMI. 2. There is significant difference between pts with MS and without MS with the respect to LVMI. 3. No significant differences were found in LVMI between pts with AO and without AO.

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Enhanced prediction of renal function decline by replacing waist circumference with “A Body Shape Index (ABSI)” in diagnosing metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in Japan

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-01026-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daiji Nagayama ◽

Kentaro Fujishiro ◽

Shinichi Tsuda ◽

Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽

Takashi Yamaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Renal Function ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Body Shape ◽

Shape Index ◽

Renal Function Decline ◽

A Body Shape Index ◽

New Onset

Abstract Background Abdominal obesity as a risk factor for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is conventionally evaluated using waist circumference (WC), although WC does not necessarily reflect visceral adiposity. Objective To examine whether replacing WC with “A Body Shape Index (ABSI)”, an abdominal obesity index calculated by dividing WC by an allometric regression of weight and height, in MetS diagnosis is useful for predicting renal function decline. Subjects/Methods In total, 5438 Japanese urban residents (median age 48 years) who participated in a public health screening program for 4 consecutive years were enrolled. Systemic arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The predictability of the new-onset renal function decline (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) by replacing high WC with high ABSI (ABSI ≥ 0.080) was examined using three sets of MetS diagnostic criteria: Japanese, IDF and NCEP-ATPIII. Results In Japanese and NCEP-ATPIII criteria, MetS diagnosed using ABSI (ABSI-MetS) was associated with significantly higher age-adjusted CAVI compared to non-MetS, whereas MetS diagnosed using WC (WC-MetS) showed no association. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the rate of new-onset renal function decline over 4 years (total 8.7%) showed remarkable higher rate in subjects with ABSI-MetS than in those without (log-rank test p < 0.001), but almost no difference between subjects with and without WC-MetS (p = 0.014–0.617). In gender-specific Cox-proportional hazards analyses including age, proteinuria, and treatments of metabolic disorders as confounders, ABSI-MetS (Japanese criteria for both sexes, IDF criteria for men) contributed independently to the new-onset renal function decline. Of these, the contribution of IDF ABSI-MetS disappeared after adjustment by high CAVI in the subsequent analysis. Conclusion In this study, replacing WC with ABSI in MetS diagnostic criteria more efficiently predicted subjects at risk of renal function decline and arterial stiffening.

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ASSOCIATIONS OF IRS-1 POLYMORPHISM WITH VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201908115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 1494-1498

Author(s):

Maryna Kochuieva ◽

Valentyna Psarova ◽

Larysa Ruban ◽

Nataliia Kyrychenko ◽

Olena Alypova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is one of the most discussed cross-disciplinary problems of modern medicine. Now there are various definitions and criteria of diagnostics of metabolic syndrome. The abdominal obesity is considered the main component of the metabolic syndrome, as a reflection of visceral obesity which degree is offered to be estimated on an indirect indicator – a waist circumference. Alongside with abdominal obesity, a number of classifications distinguish insulin resistance (IR) as a diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome. It is proved that IR is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms influencing the development and the course of arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 DM and obesity. There are two components in the development of IR: genetic (hereditary) and acquired. In spite of the fact that IR has the accurate genetic predisposition, exact genetic disorders of its appearance have not been identified yet, thus demonstrating its polygenic nature. The aim: To establish possible associations of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene polymorphism with the severity of the metabolic syndrome components in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods: 187 patients with AH aged 45-55 years and 30 healthy individuals. Methods: anthropometry, reactive hyperemia, color Doppler mapping, biochemical blood analysis, HOMA-insulin resistance (IR), glucose tolerance test, enzyme immunoassay, molecular genetic method. Results: Among hypertensive patients, 103 had abdominal obesity, 43 - type 2 diabetes, 131 - increased blood triglycerides, 19 - decreased high density lipoproteins, 59 -prediabetes (33 - fasting hyperglycemia and 26 - impaired glucose tolerance), 126 had IR. At the same time, hypertensive patients had the following distribution of IRS-1 genotypes: Gly/Gly - 47.9%, Gly/Arg - 42.2% and Arg/Arg - 10.7%, whereas in healthy individuals the distribution of genotypes was significantly different: Gly/Gly - 86.8% (p<0.01), Gly/ Arg - 9.9% (p<0.01) and Arg/Arg - 3.3% (p<0.05). Hypertensive patients with Arg/Arg and Gly/Arg genotypes had significantly higher HOMA-IR (p<0.01), glucose, insulin and triglycerides levels (p<0.05), than in Gly/Gly genotype. At the same time, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, adiponectin, HDL, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, degree of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, as well as the frequency of occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance did not significantly differ in IRS-1 genotypes. Conclusions: in hypertensive patients, the genetic polymorphism of IRS-1 gene is associated with such components of the metabolic syndrome as hypertriglyceridemia and fasting hyperglycemia; it is not associated with proinflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction, dysglycemia, an increase in waist circumference and decrease in HDL.

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Epicardial adipose tissue as a marker of visceral obesity and its association with metabolic parameters and remodeling of the left chambers of the heart in young people with abdominal obesity

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.09.000334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 68-76

Author(s):

N V Blinova ◽

M O Azimova ◽

Y V Zhernakova ◽

E A Zheleznova ◽

E B Yarovaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Lv Mass

Aim: to study the correlation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with metabolic parameters, 24-hours profile of blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular remodeling, with the volume of intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), measured by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: the study included 80 participants with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 80 cm in women and >94 cm in men) and without cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Within this study the following examinations were performed: waist circumference and the body mass index measurement, blood sampling and measurements of lipid levels, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA index, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Left ventricular (LV) mass index, relative wall thickness, LV mass/height index were estimated from echocardiographic data. EAT volume and IAAT was measured by MSCT. All patients was devided in two groups for analysis: 1 (n=28) - patients with isolated abdominal obesity, without metabolic syndrome, age was 37.5±6.43 years; 2 (n=52) - patients with metabolic syndrome, age - 38.8±5.88 years. The control group 0 included healthy individuals (n=13) without obesity, age was 30.5±5.97 years. Results. A positive correlation was found between the volume of EAT with the level of insulin in the blood (r=0.2937, p

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The Contribution of Abdominal Obesity and Dyslipidemia to Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Patients

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.3904/kjim.2010.25.2.168 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 168 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sung-Hwan Kim ◽

Kiwon Kim ◽

Mi Hyang Kwak ◽

Hak Jin Kim ◽

Hong-Sup Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Psychiatric Patients

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Importance of Different Grades of Abdominal Obesity on Testosterone Level, Erectile Dysfunction, and Clinical Coincidence

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316642213 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 240-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Juraj Fillo ◽

Michaela Levcikova ◽

Martina Ondrusova ◽

Jan Breza ◽

Peter Labas

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Testosterone Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hormonal Evaluation ◽

Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome

The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of different grades of abdominal obesity (AO) on the prevalence of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), erectile dysfunction (ED), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In a cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 216 males underwent a complete urological, internal, and hormonal evaluation. Males were divided according to waist circumference into five groups: less than 94 cm (Grade [G] 0), 94 to 101 cm (G1), 102 to 109 cm (G2), 110 to 119 cm (G3), and more than 120 cm (G4). Incidence of ED, TDS, and MetS was compared in these groups and in participants without AO. Some degree of ED was identified in 74.7% of males with AO. In G1, there were 61% of males with ED, in G2 68%, in G3 83%, and in G4 87%. A strong correlation between testosterone (TST) level and AO was identified. Ninety-eight out of 198 (49.5%) males with AO and 1/18 (5.5%) males without AO had TDS. There were significant differences between individual groups. In the group of males with AO G4 (more than 120 cm), 87.1% had TDS. MetS was diagnosed in 105/198 (53.0%) males with AO, but in G4, 83.9% of males with AO had MetS. Males older than 40 years of age with AO have a higher incidence of ED, TDS, and MetS. Dividing males into five groups according to waist circumference seems to be reasonable. With growing AO, there were significantly more males with ED, TDS, and MetS.

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