Production of transgenic apricot plants from hypocotyl segments of mature seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Petri ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Lorenzo Burgos ◽  
Jesús Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Nuria Alburquerque
Keyword(s):  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Hypocotyl Segments

PERFORMANCE OF TORIA (BRASSICA COMPESTRIS SYN. RAPA L.) VARIETY: RAJ VIJAY TORIA-2 IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND NORTH-EASTERN STATES OF INDIA UNDER RAINFED CONDITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIMLESH KUMAR TIWARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Finger Printing ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Dna Finger Printing ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Weight Trait

Performance of developed genotype RMT 08-2 was evaluated in central, eastern and north-eastern states of India under rain-fed condition for quantitative and qualitative traits. It gave highest seed yield over checks in zone III and V. Morphologically plants were erect, medium spreading in nature and primary branches with dichotomous habit. Plants height ranged from 107124 (cm) which matured in 82-112 days. Mature seeds were round in shape and blackish brown in colour. No significant difference between RVT-2 and checks were observed for test weight trait. An average oil yield 485 (kg/h) was recorded over 7 places which was 10% higher than both checks i.e. 14.12% and 11.24% under AICRP trials. Maximum seed yield was obtained on farmers field during 2013-14 and 2014-15 which was 1500 (kg/h) and 1215 (kg/h) that is 33.42% and 26.30% respectively over farmers own seeds. At Morena center, highest seed yield (1753 kg/h) over Bhawani (1512 kg/h) was 15.94% higher than check whereas RVT-2 gave 2245 (kg/h) against Bhawani (1975 kg/h) which was 13.67% higher. DNA finger printing indicated that primers PUT-19, PUT-96, PUT-149, PUT-169, PUT-181 and PUT-271 are useful in generating unique profile of RVT-2 containing 27 bands for its discrimination from other varieties.

Mitotic Activity Dynamics in Recalcitrant Seeds Acer sachharinum during Maturation and Germination

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 479c-479
Author(s):  
L. Kozeko ◽  
V. Troyan ◽  
L. Musatenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Activity Dynamics

In orthodox seeds the cell division within the embryo meristems arrests during maturation at embryo moisture content (MC) 65% to 47%, and the maturation completion and transition of seeds to quiescent state occurs at MC about 10%. The arrest of cycling happens asynchronously in different meristematic tissues during desiccation: first in shoot and then in root. The aim of this work was to define a mitotic activity dynamics in recalcitrant seeds with the high MC at maturation end and the absence of quiescent state characteristic of it. The object was seeds of Acer saccharinum, using widely for planting of greenery in Kiev city. The mitotic activity was determined in 0.5 mm of the embryo root pole (RP) and 0.5 mm of the shoot pole with embryo leaves (SP). The A. sachharinum seeds completed them maturation at MC 53% (FW basis). During maturation the mitotic index (MI) in RP decreased from 3.2% in immature seeds (at embryos MC 80%) to 0 in mature seeds and in SP–from 5.4% to 3.3%, respectively. Cell division in SP arrested by dehydration of mature embryos to MC 46% by PEG 6000 (30%). The seeds lost viability by desiccation to MC 34%. The mature seeds were able to germinate immediately after abscission. During seed germination the cell division reactived in RP and increased in SP already before root protrusion. In plantlets 10–15 mm long the MI increased to 8% in RP and 12% in SP. Thus, the strategy of immediate germination of recalcitrant A. sachharinum seeds includes a preservation of cell division in SP of mature embryos, in contrast with orthodox seeds, and high mitotic activity levels in meristems of germinating embryos before and after root protrusion.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

scholarly journals Influence of Slope Direction on the Soil Seed Bank and Seedling Regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix Seed Rain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Zong Zhao ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hongyan Jia ◽  
Wensheng Sun ◽  
Angang Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mature Seeds

Objective: To investigate the impact of different slope directions on the quantity and quality of the soil seed bank and seedling germination process of Castanopsis hystrix plantations. Method: Fixed sample plots in forest stands of Castanopsis hystrix were established on different slope directions (sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and shady slope). The characteristics of the forest stand were investigated, and per-wood scaling was carried out. The temporal dynamics of the seed rain and seed bank were quantified using seed rain collectors and by collecting soil samples from different depths. The quantity and quality of the seeds were determined, and the vigor of mature seeds was measured throughout the study. Results: (1) The diffusion of Castanopsis hystrix seed rain started in mid-September, reached its peak from late October to early November, and ended in mid-December. (2) The dissemination process, occurrence time, and composition of the seed rain varied between the different slope directions. The seed rain intensity on the semi-sunny slope was the highest (572.75 ± 9.50 grains∙m−2), followed by the sunny slope (515.60 ± 10.28 grains∙m−2), the semi-shady slope (382.13 ± 12.11 grains∙m−2), and finally the shady slope (208.00 ± 11.35 grains∙m−2). The seed rain on the sunny slope diffused earliest and lasted the longest, while the seed rain on the shady slope diffused latest and lasted the shortest time. Seed vigor and the proportion of mature seeds within the seed rain were greatest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. (3) From the end of the seed rain to August of the following year, the amount of total reserves of the soil seed banks was highest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope then the semi-shady slope, and it was the lowest on the shady slope. The amount of mature, immature, gnawed seeds and seed vigor of the soil seed bank in various slope directions showed a decreasing trend with time. The seeds of the seed bank in all slope directions were mainly distributed in the litter layer, followed by the 0–2 cm humus layer, and only a few seeds were present in the 2–5 cm soil layer. (4) The seedling density of Castanopsis hystrix differed significantly on the different slope directions. The semi-sunny slope had the most seedlings, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. Conclusions: The environmental conditions of the semi-sunny slope were found to be most suitable for the seed germination and seedling growth of Castanopsis hystrix, and more conducive to the regeneration and restoration of its population.

Intensification de la régénération du pois (Pisum sativum L.), par le thidiazuron, via la formation de structures caulinaires organogènes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Popiers ◽  
Frédéric Flandre ◽  
Brigitte S. Sangwan-Norreel
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Mature Seeds

In vitro regeneration of pea (Pisum sativum L.), a regeneration recalcitrant legume, was optimised using thidiazuron. Buds were initiated from the meristems of the cotyledonary nodes of embryo axes, isolated from mature seeds, and subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 13.3 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 16.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 0.2 μM 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. Proliferation of buds was preceded by the formation of white nodular-like protrusions. These structures were cut transversally in fine slices and subcultured on the same medium or in presence of thidiazuron that produces a second wave of secondary budding. The best results (90–110 buds per expiant) were obtained with 10 μM thidiazuron. The capacity of regeneration was genotype independent and reproducible. Buds elongated on the initial medium, then formed roots in presence of 5.37 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid. and developed into viable plants. Key words: Pisum sativum L., regeneration, meristems, embryo axes, thidiazuron.

scholarly journals Effects of Antagonists on Mycotoxins of Seedborne Fusarium spp. in Sweet Corn

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Mary E. Ridout ◽  
Bruce Godfrey ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
F1 Cross

Fusarium species coexist as toxigenic, systemic pathogens in sweet corn seed production in southwestern Idaho, USA. We hypothesized that fungal antagonists of seedborne Fusarium would differentially alter production of Fusarium mycotoxins directly and/or systemically. We challenged the Fusarium complex by in vitro antagonism trials and in situ silk and seed inoculations with fungal antagonists. Fungal antagonists reduced growth and sporulation of Fusarium species in vitro from 40.5% to as much as 100%. Pichia membranifaciens and Penicillium griseolum reduced fumonisin production by F. verticillioides by 73% and 49%, respectively, while P. membranifaciens and a novel Penicillium sp. (WPT) reduced fumonisins by F. proliferatum 56% and 78%, respectively. In situ, pre-planting inoculation of seeds with Penicillium WPT systemically increased fumonisins in the resulting crop. Morchella snyderi applied to silks of an F1 cross systemically reduced deoxynivalenol by 47% in mature seeds of the F2. Antagonists failed to suppress Fusarium in mature kernels following silk inoculations, although the ratio of F. verticillioides to total Fusarium double with some inoculants. Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations in sweet corn seed change systemically, as well as locally, in response to the presence of fungal antagonists, although in Fusarium presence in situ was not changed.

Elemental composition of globoids in the perisperm tissue of various seeds

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marcia West ◽  
Derrick T. Flannigan ◽  
John N.A. Lott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Yucca Brevifolia ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

The mature seeds of some angiosperms contain perisperm tissue derived from remains of the nucellus tissue of the ovule. In our transmission electron microscopy studies, the perisperm tissues of the seeds of Yucca brevifolia, Coffea arabica, Beta vulgaris, Piper nigrum, and Zostera capricorni contained naturally electron-dense globoids. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of globoids from the perisperm tissues of these seeds revealed varying levels of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, results that are consistent with the presence of the mineral nutrient store called phytate. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and other mineral nutrients, likely stored as phytate, have routinely been located in globoids of endosperm, female gametophyte, and embryo tissues of seeds. Key words: perisperm, globoids, mineral nutrient reserves, phosphorus, seeds, energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

The importance of time of spraying, desiccant type and harvest time on industrial fibre production from stand-retted fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum)

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. BENNETT ◽  
D. WRIGHT ◽  
G. EDWARDS-JONES
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
New Form ◽  
Mature Seeds

SUMMARYEven and successful retting of flax through application of a desiccating herbicide and stand-retting is a major constraint to increasing its incorporation in industrial products. With the release of a new form of glyphosate based on the isopropylamine (IPA) salt with biactivator (Roundup Biactive, Monsanto Ltd), a field trial was planted using three flax varieties with differing levels of ease of desiccation at the Henfaes Research Centre, University of Wales Bangor in 2004. The crop was sprayed at four different times of maturity: mid-point of flowering plus 7 days (MPF+7), MPF+14, MPF+21 or MPF+28 using two different herbicide treatments; Roundup Biactive (Monsanto PLC) or Roundup Biactive+Restore (40% ammonium sulphate, AmegA Sciences PLC). Fibre quality was assessed following retting and the ease of decortication was measured. The highest fibre yields were obtained from the MPF+28 spray date, and from the Biactive herbicide treatment. Although lower yields were recorded with the Biactive+Restore treatment, the stems were easier to decorticate. It is suggested that an early sowing date and the use of the IPA salt-based glyphosate with biactivator, and careful monitoring of the crop during the retting process, contributed to the early and successful harvest from the MPF+28 plots, allowing mature seeds as well as fibre to be harvested from the flax plants.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Ten NewCamellia oleiferaCultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunying Yang ◽  
Xueming Liu ◽  
Zhiyi Chen ◽  
Yaosheng Lin ◽  
Siyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
New Cultivars

The oil contents and fatty acid (FA) compositions of ten new and one wildCamellia oleiferavarieties were investigated. Oil contents in camellia seeds from newC. oleiferavaried with cultivars from 41.92% to 53.30% and were affected by cultivation place. Average oil content (47.83%) of dry seeds from all ten new cultivars was almost the same as that of wild commonC. oleiferaseeds (47.06%). NewC. oleiferacultivars contained similar FA compositions which included palmitic acid (C16:0, PA), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0, SA), oleic acid (C18:1, OA), linoleic acid (C18:2, LA), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), and tetracosenoic acid (C24:1). Predominant FAs in mature seeds were OA (75.78%~81.39%), LA (4.85%~10.79%), PA (7.68%~10.01%), and SA (1.46%~2.97%) and OA had the least coefficient of variation among different new cultivars. Average ratio of single FA of ten artificialC. oleiferacultivars was consistent with that of wild commonC. oleifera. All cultivars contained the same ratios of saturated FA (SFA) and unsaturated FA (USFA). Oil contents and FA profiles of new cultivars were not significantly affected by breeding and selection.

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