Time-dependent immune response in Porcellio scaber following exposure to microplastics and natural particles

The effects of microplastics (MP) are extensively studied, yet hazard data from long-term exposure studies are scarce. Moreover, for sustainable circular use in the future, knowledge on the biological impact of recycled plastics is essential. The aim of this study was to provide long-term toxicity data of virgin vs recycled (mechanical recycling) low density polyethylene (LDPE) for two commonly used ecotoxicity models, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. LDPE MP was tested as fragments of 39.8 ± 8.82 µm (virgin) and 205 ± 144 µm (recycled) at chronic exposure levels of 1–100 mg LDPE/L (D. magna) and 0.2–15 g LDPE/kg soil (P. scaber). Mortality, reproduction, body length, total lipid content, feeding and immune response were evaluated. With the exception of very low inconsistent offspring mortality at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L of recycled LDPE, no MP exposure-related adverse effects were recorded for D. magna. For P. scaber, increased feeding on non-contaminated leaves was observed for virgin LDPE at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg. In addition, both LDPE induced a slight immune response at 5 g/kg and 15 g/kg with more parameters altered for virgin LDPE. Our results indicated different sublethal responses upon exposure to recycled compared to virgin LDPE MP.

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Abstract 241: In Vivo Response to Dynamic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.113.suppl_1.a241 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer L Young ◽

Jeremy Tuler ◽

Rebecca Braden ◽

Pamela Schup-Magoffin ◽

Jacquelyn Schaefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Critical Role ◽

Host Cells ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Post Injection ◽

High Concentration ◽

Glycol Diacrylate

Tissue-specific elasticity arises in part from developmental changes in extracellular matrix over time, e.g. ~ 10-fold myocardial stiffening in the chicken embryo. When this time-dependent stiffening is mimicked in vitro with a thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel, improved cardiomyocyte maturation has been observed. However, host interactions, matrix polymerization, and stiffening kinetics remain uncertain in vivo, and each plays a critical role in therapeutic applications using HA-SH. In order to assess in vivo feasibility and biocompatibility of HA-SH/PEGDA hydrogels, subcutaneous injections were first performed. Hematological and histological analysis of subcutaneously injected HA-SH/PEGDA hydrogels showed minimal systemic immune response and host cell infiltration. Most importantly, subcutaneously injected HA-SH/PEGDA hydrogels exhibited time dependent porosity and stiffness changes at a rate similar to hydrogels polymerized in vitro, as measured by atomic force microscopy. When injected intramyocardially, host cells begin to actively degrade HA-SH/PEGDA hydrogels within 1-week post-injection, continuing this process while producing matrix to nearly replace the hydrogel within 1 month post-injection. While non-thiolated HA did not degrade after injection into the myocardium, it also did not elicit an immune response, unlike HA-SH/PEGDA, HA-SH/low concentration PEGDA, or high concentration HA-SH only hydrogels, where visible granulomas and macrophage infiltration were present at 1 month post-injection, as indicated by CD45 (lymphocyte marker) and CD68 (macrophage marker) staining, likely due to reactive thiol groups. Altogether, these data suggest that the HA-SH/PEGDA hydrogel responds appropriately in a less vascularized niche and stiffens as had been demonstrated in vitro, but in more vascularized tissues, in vivo applicability appears limited.

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Early Events of Innate Immune Response to Influenza Virus in a Complex Cellular Environment Revisited with Multi-Parametric Flow Cytometry

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.4931.4931 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 4931-4931

Author(s):

Daniel Olive ◽

Françoise gondois-Rey ◽

Suong Le Thi Kieu ◽

Diana Herrera ◽

Ivan Hirsch

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Immune Response ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Innate Immune Response ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Complex Cell ◽

Cell Systems ◽

Cellular Expression ◽

Cellular Environment

Abstract Abstract 4931 The development of an innate immune response against viruses involves multiple cellular interactions implying infected cells and the cells endowed with innate immune functions. These cells have to act in unison to develop a potent response. Although multiple interactions sustained the development of the innate response, much of the knowledge on the function of human innate immunity comes from investigations of isolated cells or dual partner coculture. Our aim was to investigate the early interactions of influenza virus with innate immune cells in a complex cellular environment in order to deepen our knowledge on the dynamics of the innate immune response. Polychromatic flow cytometry has been the appropriate method of exploration. We designed panels of 12 markers to explore PBMC stimulated with live-influenza virus or a mix of TLR agonists mimicking the interactions of influenza virus with TLR7/8 and TLR4. The DC populations were identified as lineage−HLA-DR+ cells and we took advantage of the polychromatic cytometry to split the lineage markers into separate channels to analyze NK, T cells and monocytes simultaneously to DC. Intra-cellular expression of IFN-a, TNF-a, IL-12, IL-6, IFN-g, and CD107 were analyzed in a time-dependent fashion. Our results demonstrate the benefits of using complex cell culture for the understanding of innate immune response to virus. We show a new field of application for multi-parametric flow cytometry as a powerful tool of investigation of innate immune responses in complex cell systems, with a sensibility to detect subtle modifications comparable to isolated cell systems. The multiple time-dependent results allowed to approach innate immune activation as correlated dynamic events. Dynamic studies lead to re-visit the relative roles of infection and TLR induced-DC response in the early specific features of Flu induced innate activation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Temporal Frame of Immune Cell Infiltration during Heart Failure Establishment: Lessons from Animal Models

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123719 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Brenes-Castro ◽

Elena C. Castillo ◽

Eduardo Vázquez-Garza ◽

Guillermo Torre-Amione ◽

Gerardo García-Rivas

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Immune Response ◽

Animal Models ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Current Therapy ◽

Murine Models

Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by maladaptive changes with an underlying inflammatory mediated pathogenesis. Nevertheless, current therapy is aimed at the heart workload and neurohormonal axis; thus, prognosis remains poor. To continue improving treatment, we rely on murine models for a better understanding of HF pathophysiology. Among them, pressure overload HF (PO-HF) animal models are a common strategy. Development of PO-HF is characterized by monocyte infiltration, which orchestrates a cascade of events leading to sustained inflammation and maladaptive changes. Here, we divide the PO-HF model progression into four phases and describe the inflammatory, structural, and gene expression profiles. This division is relevant due to its similarities with clinical hypertensive heart disease progression to HF. Evidence shows improvement in hemodynamic and other local parameters by altering the inflammatory response in a specific immune response at a specific point of time. Thus, it is relevant to focus on the time-dependent immune response interaction in order to provide more effective therapy. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of PO-HF murine models, highlighting the inflammatory events in a time frame view. By this approach, we expect to provide researchers with a better understanding of the intertwining time-dependent events that occur in PO-HF.

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Time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.08.009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 128 (2) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Yueh-Ting Tsai ◽

Po-Ching Cheng ◽

Chia-Kwung Fan ◽

Tzu-Ming Pan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Time Dependent

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A Potential Role for Fructosamine-3-Kinase in Cataract Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3841

Author(s):

Sander De De Bruyne ◽

Loes van van Schie ◽

Jonas Himpe ◽

Filip De De Somer ◽

Inge Everaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Topical Treatment ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Human Lens ◽

Extension Rate ◽

Lens Protein ◽

Human Eye ◽

Age Related ◽

Human Eyes

Cataracts are the major cause of blindness worldwide, largely resulting from aging and diabetes mellitus. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been identified as major contributors in cataract formation because they alter lens protein structure and stability and induce covalent cross-linking, aggregation, and insolubilization of lens crystallins. We investigated the potential of the deglycating enzyme fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) in the disruption of AGEs in cataractous lenses. Macroscopic changes of equine lenses were evaluated after ex vivo intravitreal FN3K injection. The mechanical properties of an equine lens pair were evaluated after treatment with saline and FN3K. AGE-type autofluorescence (AF) was measured to assess the time-dependent effects of FN3K on glycolaldehyde-induced AGE-modified porcine lens fragments and to evaluate its actions on intact lenses after in vivo intravitreal FN3K injection of murine eyes. A potential immune response after injection was evaluated by analysis of IL-2, TNFα, and IFNγ using an ELISA kit. Dose- and time-dependent AF kinetics were analyzed on pooled human lens fragments. Furthermore, AF measurements and a time-lapse of macroscopic changes were performed on intact cataractous human eye lenses after incubation with an FN3K solution. At last, AF measurements were performed on cataractous human eyes after crossover topical treatment with either saline- or FN3K-containing drops. While the lenses of the equine FN3K-treated eyes appeared to be clear, the saline-treated lenses had a yellowish-brown color. Following FN3K treatment, color restoration could be observed within 30 min. The extension rate of the equine FN3K-treated lens was more than twice the extension rate of the saline-treated lens. FN3K treatment induced significant time-dependent decreases in AGE-related AF values in the AGE-modified porcine lens fragments. Furthermore, in vivo intravitreal FN3K injection of murine eyes significantly reduced AF values of the lenses. Treatment did not provoke a systemic immune response in mice. AF kinetics of FN3K-treated cataractous human lens suspensions revealed dose- and time-dependent decreases. Incubation of cataractous human eye lenses with FN3K resulted in a macroscopic lighter color of the cortex and a decrease in AF values. At last, crossover topical treatment of intact human eyes revealed a decrease in AF values during FN3K treatment, while showing no notable changes with saline. Our study suggests, for the first time, a potential additional role of FN3K as an alternative treatment for AGE-related cataracts.

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