Placental Tissue Stem Cells and their role in Neonatal Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 101322
Author(s):  
Andreas Damianos ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
Gregory T. Kalin ◽  
Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Placental Tissue

scholarly journals Flow Cytometric Characterization of Cell Surface Markers to Differentiate Between Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Different Origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Sober ◽  
Homa Darmani ◽  
Dana Alhattab ◽  
Abdalla Awidi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Cell Surface Markers ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Different Origins

IntroductionIdentification and purification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expanded in culture for therapeutic use is crucial for improved yield and optimal results. Fibroblasts are the most common cell type in connective tissue and are commonly found as contaminants of MSC cultures, affecting cell yield and potentially causing tumor formation after cell transplantation. In the current study, we wished to identify cell surface markers that can differentiate MSCs of different origins from fibroblasts.Material and methodsMSCs were isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton’s jelly and placental tissue and fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin (as a negative control) in order to examine the differences in the expression of a panel of 14 different cell surface markers using multiplex flow cytometry.ResultsOur results indicate that the following markers could be useful in differentiating between fibroblasts and MSCs derived from: adipose tissue - CD79a, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD271; Wharton’s jelly - CD14, CD56 and CD105; bone marrow - CD105, CD106, and CD146; placental tissue - CD14, CD105, and CD146. Furthermore, we found that, contradictory to previous studies, CD26 is not fibroblast-specific.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of our study indicate that cell surface markers may prove to be a useful tool in the discrimination between MSCs of different origins and fibroblasts and thus may be used to authenticate the identity of the isolated cells.

scholarly journals Human placenta-derived stem cells - recent findings based on the molecular science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Rafał Sibiak ◽  
Michał Jaworski ◽  
Zuzanna Dorna ◽  
Wojciech Pieńkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Stefańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Decidua Basalis ◽  
Degenerative Disorders

AbstractThe human placenta is a complex, multifunctional transient fetomaternal organ. The placenta is composed of the maternal decidua basalis and its fetal part, consisting of the mesenchymal and trophoblast cell lineages. Both the placenta and the amniotic membranes are abundant in readily available placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs). The clinical application of the PD-MSCs opens new perspectives for regenerative medicine and the treatment of various degenerative disorders. Their properties depend on their paracrine activity – the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines and specific exosomes. In contrast to the PD-MSCs, the trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are much more elusive. They can only be isolated from the blastocyst-stage embryos or the first-trimester placental tissue, making that procedure quite demanding. Also, other cultures require specific, strictly controlled conditions. TSCs may be potentially used as an in vitro model of various placental pathologies, facilitating the elucidation of their mysterious pathogenesis and creating the environment for testing the new drug efficiency. Nonetheless, it is unlikely that they could be ever implemented as a part of novel cellular therapeutic strategies in humans.Running title: Current knowledge on the placental stem cells

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes as Probable Triggers of Radiation-induced Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Luo ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Naoki Fuchi ◽  
Yukinobu Kodama ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Radiation Induced

Abstract Background: Radiation-induced heart disease have been reported, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also resident in heart are highly susceptible to radiation. We examined the hypothesis that altered secretion of exosomes from MSCs as the triggers of radiation-induced heart disease. Methods: By exposing human placental tissue-derived MSCs to 5 Gy γ-rays, we will then isolate exosomes from the culture medium 48h later and use to evaluate the quantity and quality changes of exosomes from MSCs after radiation exposures. The biological effects of exosomes from irradiated MSCs on HUVEC and H9c2 cells were also examined. Results: Although the amount and size distribution of exosomes did not differ between the non-irradiated and irradiated MSCs, miRNA sequences indicated many up- or down-regulated miRNAs in irradiated MSCs-exosomes. In vitro experiments using HUVEC and H9c2 cells showed that irradiated MSCs-exosomes significantly decreased cell proliferation, but increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Moreover, irradiated MSCs-exosomes impaired the tube formation of HUVEC cells and induced calcium overload of H9c2 cells. Conclusions: Exosomes released from irradiated MSCs shows an altered miRNA profiling and harmful effect to damage heart cells, which provides new insight on the mechanism of radiation-related heart disease risks.

The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Alexander McIntyre ◽  
Ian A. Jones ◽  
Alla Danilkovich ◽  
C. Thomas Vangsness
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Placental Cells

Background: Placenta has a long history of use for treating burns and wounds. It is a rich source of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, tissue reparative growth factors, and stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent data show its therapeutic potential for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Purpose: To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an anatomic description of the placenta, to characterize its cellular composition, and to review the literature reporting the use of placenta-derived cells and placental tissue allografts for orthopaedic sports medicine indications in animal models and in humans. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Using a total of 63 keyword combinations, the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles describing the use of placental cells and/or tissue for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Information was collected on placental tissue type, indications, animal model, study design, treatment regimen, safety, and efficacy outcomes. Results were categorized by indication and subcategorized by animal model. Results: Outcomes for 29 animal studies and 6 human studies reporting the use of placenta-derived therapeutics were generally positive; however, the placental tissue source, clinical indication, and administration route were highly variable across these studies. Fourteen animal studies described the use of placental tissue for tendon injuries, 13 studies for osteoarthritis or articular cartilage injuries, 3 for ligament injuries, and 1 for synovitis. Both placenta-derived culture-expanded cells (epithelial cells or MSCs) and placental tissue allografts were used in animal studies. In all human studies, commercial placental allografts were used. Five of 6 human studies examined the treatment of foot and ankle pathological conditions, and 1 studied the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: A review of the small number of reported studies revealed a high degree of variability in placental cell types, placental tissue preparation, routes of administration, and treatment regimens, which prohibits making any definitive conclusions. Currently, the clinical use of placenta is limited to only commercial placental tissue allografts, as there are no placenta-derived biological drugs approved for the treatment of orthopaedic sports medicine conditions in the United States. However, this review shows that the application of placental cells or tissue allografts appears to be safe and has potential to improve outcomes for orthopaedic sports medicine indications.

scholarly journals Conditioned medium from primary cytotrophoblasts, primary placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, or sub-cultured placental tissue promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
haiying ma ◽  
Shenglu Jiang ◽  
Lili Du ◽  
Jinfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Antibody Array ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis ◽  
Placental Cells

Abstract Background As a large capillary network, the human placenta plays an important role throughout pregnancy. Placental vascular development is complex and delicate and involves many types of placental cells, such as trophoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. There has been no systematic, comparative study on the roles of these two groups of placental cells and the whole placental tissue in the placental angiogenesis. In this study, primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) from early-pregnancy and primary human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) from different stages of pregnancy were selected as the cell research objects, and full-term placental tissue was selected as the tissue research object to detect the effects of their conditioned medium (CM) on HUVECs angiogenesis. Methods We successfully isolated primary hPDMSCs and CTBs, collected CM from these placental cells and sub-cultured placental tissue, and then evaluated the effects of the CM on a series of angiogenic processes in HUVECs in vitro. Furthermore, we measured the levels of angiogenic factors in the CM of placental cells or tissue by an angiogenesis antibody array. Results The results showed that not only placental cells but also sub-cultured placental tissue, to some extent, promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro by promoting proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and tube formation. We also found that primary placental cells in early pregnancy, whether CTBs or hPDMSCs, played more significant roles than those in full-term pregnancy. Placental cells-derived CM collected at 24 hours or 48 hours had the best effect and sub-cultured placental tissue-derived CM collected at 7 days had the best effect among all the different time points. The semiquantitative angiogenesis antibody array showed that 18 of the 43 angiogenic factors had obvious spots in placental cells-derived CM or sub-cultured placental tissue-derived CM, and the levels of 5 factors (including CXCL-5, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) were the highest in sub-cultured placental tissue-derived CM. Conclusions CM obtained from placental cells (primary CTBs or hPDMSCs) or sub-cultured placental tissue contained proangiogenic factors and promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro. Therefore, our research is helpful to better understand placental angiogenesis regulation and provides theoretical support for the clinical application of placental components, especially sub-cultured placental tissue-derived CM, in vascular tissue engineering and clinical treatments.

scholarly journals In Vitro Differentiation Potential of Human Placenta Derived Cells into Skin Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhma Mahmood ◽  
Mahmood S. Choudhery ◽  
Azra Mehmood ◽  
Shaheen N. Khan ◽  
Sheikh Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Umbilical Cord Tissue

Skin autografting is the most viable and aesthetic technique for treatment of extensive burns; however, this practice has potential limitations. Harvesting cells from neonatal sources (such as placental tissue) is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive procedure. In the current study authors sought to evaluate in vitro potential of human placenta derived stem cells to develop into skin-like cells. After extensive washing, amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue were separated to harvest amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), respectively. Both types of cells were characterized for the expression of embryonic lineage markers and their growth characteristics were determined. AECs and UC-MSCs were induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like and dermal fibroblasts-like cells, respectively. After induction, morphological changes were detected by microscopy. The differentiation potential was further assessed using immunostaining and RT-PCR analyses. AECs were positive for cytokeratins and E-Cadherin while UC-MSCs were positive for fibroblast specific makers. AECs differentiated into keratinocytes-like cells showed positive expression of keratinocyte specific cytokeratins, involucrin, and loricrin. UC-MSCs differentiated into dermal fibroblast-like cells indicated expression of collagen type 3, desmin, FGF-7, fibroblast activation protein alpha, procollagen-1, and vimentin. In conclusion, placenta is a potential source of cells to develop into skin-like cells.

scholarly journals Trophoblast stem cells - methods of isolation, histological and cellular characteristic, and their possible applications in human and animal models

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Rafał Sibiak ◽  
Michał Jaworski ◽  
Saoirse Barrett ◽  
Rut Bryl ◽  
Paweł Gutaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Trophoblast Cell ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Trophoblast Stem

AbstractThe placenta is a part of feto-maternal unit that develops from the maternal decidua basalis and fetal-derived trophoblast cells. The regulation of its early development is extremely intricate, albeit the elusive trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are thought to give rise to the fetal part of the placenta. TSCs may be isolated in both animal and human models. In detail, TSCs can be efficiently obtained from the early conceptus tissues – blastocysts or early placental tissue. The isolation of murine TSCs pave the way for analyses of human trophoblast cell lineages. Both human and animal stem cells retain similar characteristic properties – the ability for unrestricted self-renewal and differentiation into all trophoblast cell lines. Nevertheless, there are some essential differences across the various species which are especially pronounced when pertaining to their distinct optimal cell culture requirements. Moreover, there are several crucial discrepancies in the stemness marker gene transcription profiles between human and murine TSCs models. In vitro TSC models can be adapted to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of various reproductive complications. For instance, their properties may illustrate the conditions observed during the implantation or simulate the state of abnormal placentation. Observations gained from the experimental studies could potentially explain the cause of some cases of infertility, preeclampsia, and fetal growth abnormalities.Running title: Update on the trophoblast stem cells

scholarly journals Perinatal Stem Cells - Biology, Manufacturing and Translational Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Monti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Translational Medicine ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Fetal Membranes

This book focuses on a new category of stem cells derived from perinatal tissue, including amniotic fluid, fetal membranes, umbilical cord, and placental tissue....

scholarly journals Conditioned medium from primary cytotrophoblasts, primary placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, or placental tissue promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Ma ◽  
Shenglu Jiang ◽  
Lili Du ◽  
Jinfang Liu ◽  
Xiaoyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Antibody Array ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis ◽  
Placental Cells

Abstract Background As a large capillary network, the human placenta plays an important role throughout pregnancy. Placental vascular development is complex and delicate and involves many types of placental cells, such as trophoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells. There has been no systematic, comparative study on the roles of these two groups of placental cells and the whole placental tissue in the placental angiogenesis. In this study, primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) from early-pregnancy and primary human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) from different stages of pregnancy were selected as the cell research objects, and full-term placental tissue was selected as the tissue research object to detect the effects of their conditioned medium (CM) on HUVECs angiogenesis.Methods We successfully isolated primary hPDMSCs and CTBs, collected CM from these placental cells and placental tissue, and then evaluated the effects of the CM on a series of angiogenic processes in HUVECs in vitro. Furthermore, we measured the levels of angiogenic factors in the CM of placental cells or tissue by an angiogenesis antibody array.Results The results showed that not only placental cells but also placental tissue, to some extent, promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro by promoting proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and tube formation. We also found that primary placental cells in early pregnancy, whether CTBs or hPDMSCs, played more significant roles than those in middle and full-term pregnancy. The effect of CM from placental tissue was better than that of CM from a single placental cell type. The semiquantitative angiogenesis antibody array showed that, in placental tissue-derived CM, 18 of the 43 angiogenic factors had obvious spots, and the levels of 5 factors (including CXCL-5, GRO, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) were the highest. The levels of these 18 angiogenic factors in placental tissue were higher than those in any single placental cell type.Conclusions CM obtained from placental cells (primary CTBs or hPDMSCs) or placental tissue contained proangiogenic factors and promoted HUVECs angiogenesis in vitro. Therefore, our research is helpful to better understand placental angiogenesis regulation and provides theoretical support for the clinical application of placental components, especially placental tissue-derived CM, in vascular tissue engineering and clinical treatments.

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