PRNP gene polymorphism in native Italian sheep breeds undergoing in situ conservation

Conservation of native animal genetic resource is vital to maintain genetic diversity sustainably and to cope with the future challenging climate change. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the experience of sheep conservation practice in Turkey and future prospects in Ethiopia. In turkey, fifteen sheep types are extinct and other native sheep population decreased by 47% due to an unplanned crossbreeding program. For these reasons, sheep genetic resource ex-situ in vivo conservation project started in 1995 with three sheep breeds. The animal breeding law regarding registration of new breed and conservation of animal genetic resources was enacted in 2001 in Turkey. In-situ conservation subsidies of sheep breeds near to extinction have been continued since 2005. Following these events, in vitro conservation of germplasm of 13 sheep breeds have been initiated in 2007 and two gene banks have been established and thereby sperm, embryo, cell, and DNA of from each sheep breed conserved in the gene bank. Although they were successful in both in-situ and ex-situ conservations with some limitations, in-situ conserved sheep breeds had better productivity than ex-situ in vivo conserved sheep in Turkey. In the case of Ethiopia, in-situ conservation will be compatible with the existing infrastructure. Through balancing the genetic gain and inbreeding level, it is possible to integrate the existing community-based genetic improvement programs (with in breed selection) with sustainable in-situ conservation of native sheep genetic resources in Ethiopia.

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THE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF CAPTIVE SUMATRAN ELEPHANT IN ELEPHANT TRAINING CENTER, WAY KAMBAS NATIONAL PARK FOR WILDLIFE GENETICS CONSERVATION

BIOVALENTIA Biological Research Journal ◽

10.24233/biov.6.1.2020.173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elly Lestari Rustiati ◽

Priyambodo Priyambodo ◽

Yanti Yulianti ◽

Eko Agus Srihanto ◽

Dian Neli Pratiwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Training Center ◽

Conservation Effort ◽

In The Wild ◽

Wildlife Genetics ◽

Way Kambas National Park ◽

Human Conflict ◽

Essential Contribution

Way Kambas National Park (WKNP) is home of five protected big mammals including sumatran elephants. It shares its border with 22 of 37 villages surrounding the national park. Understanding their existence in the wild is a priority, and wildlife genetics is a crucially needed. Besides poaching and habitat fragmentation, wildlife-human conflict is one big issue. Elephant Training Center (ETC) in WKNP is built for semi in-situ conservation effort on captive sumatran elephants that mainly have conflict histories with local people. Participative observation and bio-molecular analysis were conducted to learn the importance of captive Sumatran elephant for conservation effort. Through captive sumatran elephants, database and applicable methods are expected to be developed supporting the conservation of their population in the wild. Participative observation and molecular identification was carried on captive sumatran elephants in ETC, WKNP under multiple year Terapan grant of Ministry of Research and Technology Higher Education, Indonesia. Gene sequence and cytological analyses showed that the captive sumatran elephants are closely related and tend to be domesticated. Translocation among ETC to avoid inbreeding, and maintaining the captive sumatran elephant as natural as possible are highly recommended. Developing genetic database can be a reference for both captive and wild sumatran elephants.

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Status Analysis of Linpan Protection in Land Consolidation of Chengdu Plain

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 357-360 ◽

pp. 2118-2121

Author(s):

Ling Li Jia ◽

Heng Cui

Keyword(s):

In Situ Conservation ◽

Land Consolidation ◽

Architectural Style ◽

Evaluation Standard ◽

The Public ◽

Chengdu Plain ◽

Settlement Type ◽

Comprehensive Development ◽

Status Analysis

In the process of land consolidation in Chengdu Plain, Linpan protection is an important content. At present, some protection types of Linpan have been formed in Chengdu area, such as agriculture, rural tourism, special industry and settlement type and so on. Many protected modes were explored, such as the natural subsidies, in situ conservation, comprehensive development, off-site reconstruction, etc. But there are still some questions, do not pay attention to protect Linpan ecological pattern plate function transformation, the architectural style of hybrid, protection methods are not flexible, evaluation standard is not perfect, the public participation is not enough and other issues, these problems need to be continuously optimized and improved in the future.

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Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 638

Author(s):

Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽

José F. M. Valls ◽

Aluana G. Abreu ◽

Gustavo Heiden ◽

Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finger Millet ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Ex Situ ◽

The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

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Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia

Biodiversity and Conservation ◽

10.1007/s10531-021-02225-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wiguna Rahman ◽

Joana Magos Brehm ◽

Nigel Maxted ◽

Jade Phillips ◽

Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Protected Area ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Area Network ◽

Complementarity Analysis ◽

Ex Situ Collections ◽

Conservation Actions

AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.

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