Effects of chestnut bark (Castanea spp.) tannin extracts on selectivity, dry matter intake, weight gain, and enteric methane emission from llamas (Lama glama) under grazing conditions in the high Andean grasslands

A quarter of all anthropogenic methane emissions in the United States are from enteric fermentation, primarily from ruminant livestock. This study was undertaken to test the effect of a methane inhibitor, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP), on enteric methane emission in lactating Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted using 48 cows in a randomized block design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 12-wk data collection period. Feed intake, milk production, and fiber digestibility were not affected by the inhibitor. Milk protein and lactose yields were increased by 3NOP. Rumen methane emission was linearly decreased by 3NOP, averaging about 30% lower than the control. Methane emission per unit of feed dry matter intake or per unit of energy-corrected milk were also about 30% less for the 3NOP-treated cows. On average, the body weight gain of 3NOP-treated cows was 80% greater than control cows during the 12-wk experiment. The experiment demonstrated that the methane inhibitor 3NOP, applied at 40 to 80 mg/kg feed dry matter, decreased methane emissions from high-producing dairy cows by 30% and increased body weight gain without negatively affecting feed intake or milk production and composition. The inhibitory effect persisted over 12 wk of treatment, thus offering an effective methane mitigation practice for the livestock industries.

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Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.1.479 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Nurul Mukminah ◽

Edy Rianto ◽

Endang Purbowati

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Age Group ◽

Creatinine Excretion ◽

Urinary Creatinine ◽

Feeding Level

Abstract. This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of 2.24% dry matter intake (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0–12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat. The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat. Key words: Kacang goat, ages, feeding level, and creatinine Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kadar kreatinin pada kambing Kacang muda dan dewasa dengan jumlah pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Materi berupa 16 ekor kambing Kacang jantan, terdiri dari 8 ekor umur muda (6-7 bulan) dan 8 ekor umur dewasa (9-12 bulan). Pakan komplit yang diberikan memiliki kandungan bahan kering (BK) 78,82%, protein kasar (PK) 18,80%, dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 76,29%. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pola tersarang 2x2 dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan pakan berupa jumlah BK pakan yang diberikan yaitu 2,24% bobot badan (BB) (T1) dan 4,48% BB (T2) untuk kambing muda, sedangkan kambing dewasa sebesar 1,87% BB (T1) dan 3,74% BB (T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BK, PK dan TDN berbeda nyata pada kelompok umur dan berbeda sangat nyata pada perlakuan pakan. Kadar kreatinin pada minggu ke 0-6 tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada minggu ke 12 berbeda nyata baik kelompok umur maupun akibat perlakuan pakan. Perubahan kadar kreatinin dari minggu ke 0-12 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata pada kelompok umur dan perlakuan pakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kreatinin semakin meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya bobot badan (umur) dan pakan ternak. Kata kunci : kambing Kacang, umur, level pakan, dan kreatinin

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Inclusion of different levels of inulin on productive parameters and intestinal morphology in fattening guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Carcelén Cáceres ◽

Felipe San Martín Howard ◽

Miguel Ara Gómez ◽

Sandra Bezada Quintana ◽

Ana Asencios Méndez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Zinc Bacitracin

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of the three inulin levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%) supplemented as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, zinc bacitracin) and control in guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Fifty 14-day-old male guinea pigs were used. Productive parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) and intestinal morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at slaughter (70 days of age) were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between inulin levels and FCR (linear effect; P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant effect of the treatments on total dry matter intake and weight gain (P > 0.05). A linear effect of the inulin level on the villi’s length (VL), villi’s width (VW), and length/depth ratio (VL/DC) in the duodenum; VW in the jejunum; and VL in the ileum (P <0 .05) was reported. In conclusion, a linear effect of the increasing doses of inulin was found on the FCR and the morphological parameters of the duodenum’s integrity, and no differences in the effects of the inulin added to the diet and the treatment with AGP were found.

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Productive and economic performance of goats of different genetic groups

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402018000400003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 381-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Barros Oliveira ◽

Wandrick Hauss Sousa ◽

Flávio Gomes Oliveira ◽

Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽

Edgard Cavalcante Pimenta Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Water Intake ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Profit Margin ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Cost ◽

Intake Water

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the bio-economic performance in confinement crossbred goats from different genetic groups. Were used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (undefined breed), 10 x Savannah SPRD and 10 Oberhasli x SPRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days. The initial weight was evaluated, final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. As an economic indicator was calculated gross profit margin (MB), the average dry matter intake, the confinement period, the cost of each diet and the cost of vaccines and medicines. We used the 5% Tukey test for comparisons between treatment means. For the variables weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake and body condition score averages observed did not differ between the genetic groups. There was significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic groups on days on feed. The biological performance of the goats finished in feedlot was not influenced by genetic group. In bioeconomic analysis was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the evaluated racial groups. Gross profit margin was negative for the mestizos Pardo Alpine x SPRD. The cross between the Boer breed and without defined breed results in premature animals, reaching slaughter weights with reduced confinement period. In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better economic performance, providing greater profitability to the creator.

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Development and evaluation of prediction equations for methane emission from Nellore cattle Dry matter intake (DMI

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42559 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42559

Author(s):

Tatiana Lucila Pires Sobrinho ◽

Renata Helena Branco ◽

Elaine Magnani ◽

Alexandre Berndt ◽

Roberta Carrilho Canesin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Prediction Equations ◽

Nellore Cattle

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Dry-matter intake and live-weight gain of cattle and sheep offered different grass varieties with and without clover

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002657x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. G. Miles ◽

R. J. K. Walters ◽

E. M. Evans

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Red Clover ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Feeding Value ◽

Feeding Trials ◽

Animal Feeding

SUMMARYA series of animal feeding trials was designed to determine differences between grasses in dry-matter intake and animal live-weight gain, with a view to indicating better selection criteria for improving the feeding value of herbage.Wide differences were demonstrated in feed intake and live-weight gain between single-variety grass feeds at similar levels of digestibility.S.37 cocksfoot gave consistently good and S.51 timothy, consistently poor responses.Supplementation of grass feeds with red clover frequently resulted in marked improvement in feed intake and animal performance.

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The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500043156 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

P. Dillon ◽

F. Buckley ◽

S. Snijders ◽

S. Crosse

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding System ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Condition Score ◽

Genetic Index ◽

Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

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A simple and fast sampling method for chemical analyses and densitometry of bones through rib biopsies in cattle

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000100005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pedro Malafaia ◽

Yury T.G. Salcedo ◽

Ricardo A.R. Uscategui ◽

Vinícius C. Souza ◽

Diogo Fleury A. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Average Daily Weight Gain ◽

Simple Method

ABSTRACT: We developed and evaluated a fast and simple method to obtain suitable bone samples for densitometry and chemical analysis through biopsies of the 12th rib of cattle. The postoperative recovery, dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) was evaluated in 36 Nellore steers, nine of which were randomly selected for the control group and 27 others were rib biopsied. Every 30 days, rib biopsy was performed in nine steers, using a corded-electric pistol-grip drill coupled with a hole saw of a 3mm diameter pilot drill bit. This rib biopsy technique provided a suitable sample obtained in a fast way and allowed the surgeon to work alone with the animal slightly sedated and restrained in the crush. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected in biopsied animals. At the end of the experimental period (116 days) the average daily weight gain (ADG) was similar in the steers biopsied or not. The described method provided rib samples from cattle suitable for densitometry and chemical analysis of bone tissue without effects on health and performance. This information could greatly increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency in cattle raised on pasture and allow the evaluation of bone metabolism in experimental animals.

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