scholarly journals A simple and fast sampling method for chemical analyses and densitometry of bones through rib biopsies in cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Malafaia ◽  
Yury T.G. Salcedo ◽  
Ricardo A.R. Uscategui ◽  
Vinícius C. Souza ◽  
Diogo Fleury A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Simple Method

ABSTRACT: We developed and evaluated a fast and simple method to obtain suitable bone samples for densitometry and chemical analysis through biopsies of the 12th rib of cattle. The postoperative recovery, dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) was evaluated in 36 Nellore steers, nine of which were randomly selected for the control group and 27 others were rib biopsied. Every 30 days, rib biopsy was performed in nine steers, using a corded-electric pistol-grip drill coupled with a hole saw of a 3mm diameter pilot drill bit. This rib biopsy technique provided a suitable sample obtained in a fast way and allowed the surgeon to work alone with the animal slightly sedated and restrained in the crush. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected in biopsied animals. At the end of the experimental period (116 days) the average daily weight gain (ADG) was similar in the steers biopsied or not. The described method provided rib samples from cattle suitable for densitometry and chemical analysis of bone tissue without effects on health and performance. This information could greatly increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency in cattle raised on pasture and allow the evaluation of bone metabolism in experimental animals.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Grass with Foliage on Growth Rate and Feed Intake in Goats—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3163
Author(s):  
Cecilia Kronqvist ◽  
Daovy Kongmanila ◽  
Ewa Wredle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Effect

Small ruminants such as goats have a higher preference for browse species than cattle and sheep. In a meta-analysis of 42 papers describing 117 experimental treatments found by a search performed in June 2021 in PubMed and Web of Knowledge, we examined the general effect of including foliage in the diet of goats, replacing grasses, on dry matter intake and average daily weight gain. The inclusion requirement for a paper was that it described a controlled trial with a control diet of grass and with grass replaced by foliage in the experimental diet. Publication bias was estimated by calculating the Fail-safe n. Random effects analyses were conducted, using effect size calculated as Hedges’ d. The results showed that inclusion of foliage increased feed intake (Hedges’ d = 1.350, SE = 0.388) and average daily weight gain (Hedges’ d = 1.417, SE = 0.444) compared with a grass-based control. The positive effect of foliage inclusion on dry matter intake was associated with lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and higher crude protein (CP) in the foliage than in the grass it replaced. The positive effect on average daily weight gain was associated with higher CP concentration in the foliage than in grass. Foliage inclusion level showed a quadratic relationship with dry matter intake, with maximum dry matter intake achieved at a level of 50–60%. There was wide variation between the studies reviewed, and this variation was not reduced by subgroup analysis based on different kinds of foliage. In conclusion, the addition of foliage to goat diets can increase feed intake and daily weight gain, as an effect of the dietary preferences of goats and of generally higher nutritional value in foliage species compared with natural/semi-natural grass species.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Dry matter intake observed and predicted by the nutritional systems NRC and BR-Corte for feedlot nelore heifers fed with human feed products

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Simone Pedro da Silva ◽  
Carina Ubirajara de Faria ◽  
Ana Caroline Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Aline Maria Soares Ferreira ◽  
Jean Marcos Castro Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Body

We aimed to evaluate the effects of using a concentrated ration containing industrialised human food on the productive parameters of Nellore heifers in confinement, in addition to comparing the dry matter intake (DMI) observed with that predicted by the nutritional systems BR-Corte and NRC, in order to determine which system makes the most accurate predictions for heifers of the breed Nelore in feedlots. Twenty-four Nelore heifers, with an average age of 24 months and average body weight (BW) of 350 kg, were used over the 70 days of the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two treatments and housed in partially covered stalls equipped with an automatic Growsafe® Systems feeding system. Animals in the control group (CONT) received a concentrated ration containing ground corn, soybean meal, urea, and mineral nucleus. In the residual treatment (RES) group, heifers received concentrated feed containing products from the human diet. The difference between the treatments was the concentrated ration; in the control treatment, the energy source used was maize, whereas in the residue treatment, the energy sources were corn chips, coconut candies, and ground coffee. Corn silage was included as forage for both treatments. The forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio was 84:16. The predicted intake was estimated according to the nutritional systems NRC (2000, 2016) and BR-Corte (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2010, 2016). The average DMI observed of the heifers was 7.46 kg day-1. Heifers fed with human feed residue had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) and higher ether extract intake (EEI) than animals fed with the control feed. In addition, heifers that received human feed products showed a lower average daily weight gain (DWG) of 1.08 kg day-1 than animals fed the control treatment with an average DWG of 1.24 kg day-1. The predicted dry matter intake by NRC 2000 was an overestimate by 9.78 % and by BR-Corte 2010 was an overestimate by 5.5 %. The NRC 2016 and BR-Corte 2016 underestimated the intake of heifers by 18.9 % and 7.1 %, respectively. It was concluded that growing Nelore heifers fed with human feed products, with a F:C ratio of 84:16, present a higher DMI and lower growth performance and feed efficiency than heifers fed the control diet. The DMI predicting models for Nellore heifers proposed by BR-Corte are more adequate than the NRC models.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Supplemented With Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nematollah Asadi ◽  
Seyed Davood Husseini ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Tohidian ◽  
Nargess Abdali ◽  
Amir Mimandipoure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Production Period ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.) on the performance of broiler chicks. 500 Ross broiler chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups of 4 replications in a completely randomized design format. The diets were ISO-caloric and ISO-nitrogenous ones and contained 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 g/kg of peppermint powder. At start, growing, and end periods, the effects of peppermint powder on average daily weight gain, feed conversation ratio, and mortality rate were studied. The results of the present study showed that over a production period of 42 days peppermint had a significant effect on average daily weight gain and feed conversation ratio when compared with the control group ( P < .05). The level of 4.5 g/kg had the highest average daily weight gain (52.78 g), and control treatment with 46.98 g had the least average daily weight gain among different levels of peppermint. The level of 4.5 g/kg and 6 g/kg of peppermint had the least mortality compared to control treatment during training period ( P < .05). From this experiment, we can conclude that treatment with 4.5 g/kg peppermint powder has better performance and carcass characteristics in broilers.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BISOLBI ON BIOCHEMICAL AND PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES OF THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Galina Molyanova ◽  
Maksim Nogotkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is increasing the average daily gain of animals due to the use of the Bisolbi drug. The effect of Bisolbi preparation based on Bacillus subtilis H-13 1.5×108 (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») on the biochemical and productive life of calves was studied. The scientific and production experiment was carried out on the basis of a dairy farm of the State «Kupinskoe» Unitary Enterprise of the Samara region involving 30 Holstein-Friesian calves. The biological effect of the drug is provided due to its adsorption properties, the ability to enhance the activity of a number of enzyme systems and increase the digestive and systemic immunity of the body. The drug use increases the integration intensity of animals: the amount of total protein in the blood serum of calves of the experimental group at 120 days of age was higher by 8.9% (p<0.05), albumin – by 9.2% (p<0.01), compared with the animal data of con-trolled group. The Bisolbi indication contributed to an increase in the intensity of carbohydrate-lipoid metabolism: the cholesterol amount was higher by 23% (p<0.01), the glucose content – by 0.4 mmol/l (p<0.05) in the blood of 120 day old calves of the experimental group, compared with the data of controlled animals. It was found that the body weight of calves in the control group of 100 days age was 105.23±2.11 kg, in the experimental group – 108.6±2.19 kg, which is 3.37 kg higher. The average daily weight gain of animals in experimental group was signif-icantly higher by 0.075 kg (p<0.01). At 120 days of age, the body weight of the experimental calves was higher by 4.19 kg (p<0.05), the average daily weight gain by 0.080 kg (p<0.05), compared with the data of the controlled ani-mals. The indication of Bisolbi 5-10 ml (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») to calves daily for 2 months resulted in an additional profit constructively of 137 rubles from each head.

scholarly journals The evaluation of growth and selected carcass and meat quality parameters in fattening bulls fed a diet based on concentrates or maize silage

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Štercová ◽  
A. Krása ◽  
R. Lepková ◽  
J. Šterc
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth rate and selected carcass and meat quality parameters in bulls fed a high-grain diet and to compare the results with those obtained in bulls fed a diet based on preserved roughage. The trial included 18 Czech-Pied bulls fed a diet with a high proportion of concentrated feed and 18 Czech-Pied bulls fed a diet based on maize silage, used as a control group. The trial was launched after the weaning of calves. During the fattening period, live weight and average daily weight gain were monitored. The bulls were slaughtered at the live weight of 550–600 kg, the mean age at slaughter was 473 days for the high-grain diet group and 474 days for the control group. The carcasses were classified to SEUROP quality grades, and carcass gain and dressing percentage were calculated. Samples of <I>m. longissimus pars thoracis</I> were taken from five bulls in each group to examine selected meat quality parameters. In the period from weaning to slaughter the high-grain diet bulls and the control bulls achieved the average daily weight gain of 1.29 kg and 1.21 kg, respectively. Differences between the groups were not significant. The high-grain diet group showed higher average carcass weight and higher carcass weight gain, differences between the groups were not significant, either. As to meat quality parameters under study, a significant difference was found only in meat lightness (L*), with the mean value in the high-grain diet group being significantly (<I>P</I> ≤ 0.01) lower than in the control group. The other meat quality parameters did not show any significant differences between the groups. In this study, the high-grain diet gave similar performance as the maize silage-based diet in fattening bulls. The high-grain diet group and control group showed comparable average daily weight gain and selected carcass and meat quality parameters.

scholarly journals Ractopamine hydrochloride on performance and carcass traits of confined Nellores cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luis Kill ◽  
Ismail Ramalho Haddade ◽  
Iron Cardoso dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Alberto Chambela Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of four levels of inclusion (0; 450; 900 and 1,350g T-1) of Ractopamine hydrochloride was assessed concerning weight gain, feed conversion, dry matter intake, carcass traits and quality of castrated male cattle meat in confinement. Forty Nellore steers were used, with an average age of 26 months and initial average weight of 423.4±2.7kg, in a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and ten replications. The diet was fixed with the ratio of forage to concentrate dry matter of 75.3:24.7. A Linear positive effect observed was the inclusion of Ractopamine on daily weight gain and linear negative effect on feed conversion, highlighting the improvements with the increasing inclusion of Ractopamine hydrochloride. In relation to carcass traits, the linear effect was negative for fat thickness and no differences were found regarding the hot carcass weight ; carcass yield; area, width and depth of rib eye area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, and noble courts. In relation to dry matter intake, the comparison of the treatments demonstrated that Ractopamine didn't influence negatively, which highlights its positive effect on the animal performance. The use of Ractopamine improves performance and decreases de amount of superficial fat in male nellore carcass in confinement.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF STUD RAMS OF ASKANIAN MEAT AND WOOL BREED AND PARAMETERS OF SELECTION OF ZAKARPATTJA-TYPE PRECOCE BREED EWES FOR INTER-BREEDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
I. V. Goncharenko ◽  
V. M. Agiy ◽  
R. G. Filep ◽  
T. M. Durdinets
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Meat Productivity

The rams of the Askanian meat-wool breed, grown and kept in the conditions of the steppe zone of the south of Ukraine, were investigated for their adaptive capacity and adaptation to the conditions of the lowland regions of Zakarpattja. It was found that the physiological response of the rams to the maximum air temperature was characterized by a slight increase in body temperature and pulse, and a significant increase in respiratory rate per 1 minute. The good adaptive properties of the Askanian meat and wool breed rams are indicated by the high breeding capacity of ewes, at 97%, in both farms. The ewes of the breed prekos with a live weight of 55.9–58.9 kg were involved in the breeding process, and the Askanian rams with a live weight of 93.3–95.1 kg. It was studied the influence of crossbred crossing of crossbred Askanian sheep of meat and wool breed on the development of productive and reproductive features of Zakarpattja sheep ewes of the breed prekos with the purpose of obtaining mixed breeds with improved economic performance. It is proven by theory and practice that one of the main criteria for the rational management of sheep breeding in modern conditions is the study of individual features of growth and development of young sheep. In a market economy, increasing the meat productivity of sheep is an important factor that determines the level of economic efficiency of the industry. Obtained progeny at the age of 4–8 months had a higher intensity of growth. Thus, the average daily weight gain of lambs in the control group was 234 g, and experimental — 265 g, which is 11.3% more than in the control. The average daily weight gain of the bright control group was 205 g, and the experimental one — 244 g, which is 11.9% more than in the control group. At the age of 8 months, the fat mass of slaughtered animals ranged from 32–36 kg and the carcass weight was 15–18 kg with good fat irrigation. The classification of sheep carcasses by fat irrigation according to the EUROP system corresponded to the average level of coverage of carcasses with fat, that is, the whole carcass was covered with a thin layer of fat, at the base of the tail — small accumulations of fat, the kidneys partially or completely covered with a thin layer of fat, with a slight fatty water between visible intercostal muscles .The balanced feeding of experimental animals had a positive effect on the increase in live birth weight and their viability. The minimum selection parameters of breeding sheep ewes, which are involved in the breeding process, are also set for obtaining animals with high multi-farrowing and combined productivity.

Effect of dietary addition of wastewater from a caramel producing plant on the performance and carcass characteristics of pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Esbal Jiménez ◽  
Carmen S. Santana-Nieves ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Twenty-four crossbred pigs (Duroc x Yorkshire), 28 days old and of 6.9 kg average liveweight, were used to evaluate effects of dietary addition of 0 (control), 5, and 7.5% of wastewater from a caramel production plant (WWCP) on performance from weaning to finishing at 82 kg average liveweight and on carcass characteristics. A completely randomized block design was used (n = 4). Pigs were fed at the rate of 8% of body weight daily during the postweaning phase (21 days) and 6% for the rest of the experiment. During the post-weaning phase dry matter intake, liveweight gain and feed efficiency were improved with 7.5% but not with 5% addition of WWCP (P ≤  0.08). During the fattening phase (until 74 kg average liveweight), daily dry matter intake and daily weight gain were greater in the control group, whereas during the finishing phase (14 days), feed efficiency improved with the addition of either level of WWCP (P ≤  0.08). Longissimus dorsi area and ham weight were greater in females than in barrows (P ≤  0.05), but no other differences due to the dietary addition of WWCP were detected. These results suggest that swine growth during the first three weeks post-weaning may be improved by the addition of WWCP to the diet at levels of up to 7.5%. However, before further recommendation can be given, additional research is needed on the effectiveness of the use of this wastewater during the fattening-finishing phase. Freshness of this byproduct seemed to have an important effect.

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