Study on snail trail formation in PV module through modeling and accelerated aging tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Fan ◽  
Daliang Ju ◽  
Xiaoqin Yao ◽  
Zhen Pan ◽  
Mason Terry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Trail Formation

PV Module Technology and Reliability – Status and Perspectives

Green ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirth Harry ◽  
Ferrara Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Certification Testing ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Module Efficiency ◽  
Product Costs

AbstractSolar cell processing into modules is mostly responsible for the product's reliability, has a severe impact on product costs and controls 10–15% of its efficiency. This article gives an overview on current module technology and highlights innovative approaches to reduce material cost and increase module efficiency. High potential approaches like back contact technology are those that simultaneously address cell and module technology to offer efficiency gains in the range of 10%.Module reliability expectations of 25 years or more require quality assurance beyond the common type approval standards. In its second part, the article addresses stress factors for PV modules. To ensure fast innovation cycles, accelerated aging tests are used to reproduce these stress factors in the laboratory. Results from certification testing are discussed as well as new approaches for improved testing. More realistic test results can be obtained by simulating combinations of stress factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Backsheet Properties on PV Encapsulant Degradation during Combined Accelerated Aging Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5208
Author(s):  
Djamel Eddine Mansour ◽  
Chiara Barretta ◽  
Luciana Pitta Bauermann ◽  
Gernot Oreski ◽  
Andreas Schueler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Permeation Properties

Long-term photovoltaic (PV) module reliability is highly determined by the durability of the polymeric components (backsheet and encapsulation materials). This paper presents the result of experiments on encapsulant degradation influenced by the backsheet permeation properties. Towards this goal, one type of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was aged in glass/EVA/backsheet laminates in accelerated aging tests (up to 4000 h for Damp-Heat (DH) and up to 480 kWh/m2 for UV and UV-DH combined). The samples contained three backsheets with different permeation properties to examine their impact on EVA degradation. Thermal and chemical characterization shows that the EVA degradation is stronger with the glass–EVA–polyamide (PA)-based backsheet than with the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based backsheets. The higher oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the PA-based backsheet may increase photo-oxidation and aggravating the degradation of EVA in the laminates. Furthermore, FTIR results were used to demonstrate the effect of damp heat exposure on the EVA interfaces, showing an accelerated degradation at the glass–EVA interface. The comparison of accelerated aging stress factors reveals that EVA suffers the strongest chemical and optical degradation when high UV, high temperature and high relative humidity are combined simultaneously.

Impact of Permeation Properties and Back Sheet/ Encapsulation Interactions on the Reliability of PV Modules

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hu¨lsmann ◽  
Cornelia Peike ◽  
Matthias Blu¨ml ◽  
Philipp Schmid ◽  
Karl-Anders Weiß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Permeation Properties ◽  
Reflectance Measurements ◽  
Made In

The interaction of different types of new encapsulation and back sheet materials for PV modules was investigated. Therefore, various types of laminates were made in order to examine the environmental impact on such materials during the materials aging process with special attention to the permeability of the back sheet. The laminates were characterized by Raman Spectroscopy, FT-IR/VIS reflectance measurements before and after different accelerated aging procedures. The water vapor and oxygen permeation properties were measured. A clear correlation between the permeation properties and the observed aging behavior was found. The degradation, especially of the encapsulant, resulted in increasing background fluorescence in the Raman Spectra and in a change of transmittance of the encapsulants which is also known as yellowing. It could be shown that the encapsulation/cell/back-sheet system should be optimized in order to minimize the stress on the PV-module components.

Parametric Study of Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector Using An Improved Parallel Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Sakhr Mohammed Sultan ◽  
Chih Ping Tso ◽  
Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor ◽  
Fadhel Mustafa Ibrahim ◽  
Saqaff Ahmed Alkaff
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Parallel Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Conductivity Type ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Sunny Weather

Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector (PVT) is a hybrid technology used to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. Current enhancements in PVT are to increase the electrical and thermal efficiencies. Many PVT factors such as type of absorber, thermal conductivity, type of PV module and operating conditions are important parameters that can control the PVT performance. In this paper, an analytical model, using energy balance equations, is studied for PVT with an improved parallel flow absorber. The performance is calculated for a typical sunny weather in Malaysia. It was found that the maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies are 12.9 % and 62.6 %, respectively. The maximum outlet water temperature is 59 oC.

Assessment of Color Stability of Treated Leathers with Silicone Oil and Polyethylene Glycol

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Alireza K. ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Additive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Lubricants and leather dressings are the most common treatments of dry and water logged historical leathers. Color change has a great importance during the time and treatment process, due to visual and aesthetic values of historic leather relics. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silicone oil (SiO) are frequently used leather dressings in the conservation procedures. Therefore, color stability of treated leathers with PEG and SiO were investigated before and after heat accelerated aging. Moreover, application of ascorbic acid was evaluated as an antioxidant additive for PEG (PEG+AA).Color change after treatment and aging were studied by colorimetry technique in the CIE *L*a*b system. Results indicated to severe color alteration in PEG treated and aged leathers with or without ascorbic acid. Whereas, SiO treated samples showed better stability and minimum color shift after aging. Silicone oil was characterized as the best dressing for historical leathers with compared to PEG and PEG+AA, due to its high stability and aesthetical properties.

Lifetime Prediction of Tires with Regard to Oxidative Aging5

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nasdala ◽  
Y. Wei ◽  
H. Rothert ◽  
M. Kaliske
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Reaction Processes

Abstract It is a challenging task in the design of automobile tires to predict lifetime and performance on the basis of numerical simulations. Several factors have to be taken into account to correctly estimate the aging behavior. This paper focuses on oxygen reaction processes which, apart from mechanical and thermal aspects, effect the tire durability. The material parameters needed to describe the temperature-dependent oxygen diffusion and reaction processes are derived by means of the time–temperature–superposition principle from modulus profiling tests. These experiments are designed to examine the diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effect which occurs when accelerated aging tests are performed. For the cord-reinforced rubber composites, homogenization techniques are adopted to obtain effective material parameters (diffusivities and reaction constants). The selection and arrangement of rubber components influence the temperature distribution and the oxygen penetration depth which impact tire durability. The goal of this paper is to establish a finite element analysis based criterion to predict lifetime with respect to oxidative aging. The finite element analysis is carried out in three stages. First the heat generation rate distribution is calculated using a viscoelastic material model. Then the temperature distribution can be determined. In the third step we evaluate the oxygen distribution or rather the oxygen consumption rate, which is a measure for the tire lifetime. Thus, the aging behavior of different kinds of tires can be compared. Numerical examples show how diffusivities, reaction coefficients, and temperature influence the durability of different tire parts. It is found that due to the DLO effect, some interior parts may age slower even if the temperature is increased.

Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaluddin . ◽  
Baharuddin Mire
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Performance Characteristic ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module. 

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