Natural hazards and adaptive response choices in a changing climate: Promoting bushfire preparedness and risk reduction decision-making

The Sendai Framework of Action 2015–2030 calls for holistic Indigenous disaster risk reduction (DRR) research. Responding to this call, we synergized a holistic philosophical framework (comprising ecological systems theory, symbolic interactionism, and intersectionality) and social constructionist grounded theory and ethnography within a critical Indigenous research paradigm as a methodology for exploring how diverse individual and contextual factors influence DRR in a remote Indigenous community called Galiwinku, in the Northern Territory of Australia. Working together, Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers collected stories in local languages using conversations and yarning circles with 20 community members, as well as participant observations. The stories were interpreted and analysed using social constructivist grounded theory analysis techniques. The findings were dialogued with over 50 community members. The findings deeply resonated with the community members, validating the trustworthiness and relevance of the findings. The grounded theory that emerged identified two themes. First, local Indigenous knowledge and practices strengthen Indigenous people and reduce the risks posed by natural hazards. More specifically, deep reciprocal relationships with country and ecological knowledge, strong kinship relations, Elder’s wisdom and authority, women and men sharing power, and faith in a supreme power/God and Indigenous-led community organizations enable DRR. Second, colonizing practices weaken Indigenous people and increase the risks from natural hazards. Therefore, colonization, the imposition of Western culture, the government application of top-down approaches, infiltration in Indigenous governance systems, the use of fly-in/fly-out workers, scarcity of employment, restrictions on technical and higher education opportunities, and overcrowded housing that is culturally and climatically unsuitable undermine the DRR capability. Based on the findings, we propose a Community-Based DRR theory which proposes that facilitating sustainable Indigenous DRR in Australian Indigenous communities requires Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners to genuinely work together in two-directional and complementary ways.

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How risk perception of natural hazards influences the content of risk and vulnerability analyses and the implementation of risk reduction measures

Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice ◽

10.1201/9781315374987-43 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 269-275

Author(s):

M Leonhardsen ◽

K Olsen ◽

O Olsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Risk Reduction Measures

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Climate, disaster and risk: introduction

Journal of the British Academy ◽

10.5871/jba/009s8.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9s8 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Simon Goldhill ◽

Georgie Fitzgibbon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Decision Making ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Special Issue ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Climate Disasters ◽

Climate Disaster

This special issue focuses on the intersections of climate, disasters, and development. The research presented here is designed to facilitate climate-resilient decision-making, and promote sustainable development by maximising the beneficial impacts of responses to climate change and minimising negative impacts across the full spectrum of geographies and sectors that are potentially affected by the changing climate.

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Modeling the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Real-Time Risky Decision-Making

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129804200331 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 330-334

Author(s):

Joshua B. Hurwitz

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Perception ◽

Real Time ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Risky Decision Making ◽

Risky Decision ◽

Distance Information ◽

Driving Task ◽

Response Choices

Increased real-time risk-taking under sleep loss could be marked by changes in risk perception or acceptance. Risk-perception processes are those involved in estimating real-time parameters such as the speeds and distances of hazardous objects. Risk-acceptance processes relate to response choices given risk estimates. Risk-taking under fatigue was studied using a simulated intersection-crossing driving task in which subjects decided when it was safe to cross an intersection as an oncoming car approached from the cross street. The subjects performed this task at 3-hour intervals over a 36-hour period without sleep. Results were modeled using a model of real-time risky decision making that has perceptual components that process speed, time and distance information, and a decisional component for accepting risk. Results showed that varying a parameter for the decisional component across sessions best accounted for variations in performance relating to time of day.

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Multiple-hazards and their interactions in urban low-to-middle income countries: a case study from Nairobi

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16053 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bruce D. Malamud ◽

Emmah Mwangi ◽

Joel Gill ◽

Ekbal Hussain ◽

Faith Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Soil Subsidence ◽

Ground Collapse

<p>Global policy frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, increasingly advocate for multi-hazard approaches across different spatial scales. However, management approaches on the ground are still informed by siloed approaches based on one single natural hazard (e.g. flood, earthquake, snowstorm). However, locations are rarely subjected to a single natural hazard but rather prone to more than one. These different hazards and their interactions (e.g. one natural hazard triggering or increasing the probability of one or more natural hazards), together with exposure and vulnerability, shape the disaster landscape of a given region and associated disaster impact. &#160;Here, as part of the UK GCRF funded research grant &#8220;Tomorrow&#8217;s Cities&#8221; we first map out the single natural hazardscape for Nairobi using evidence collected through peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, social media and newspapers. We find the following hazard groups and hazard types present in Nairobi: (i) geophysical (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides), (ii) hydrological (floods and droughts), (iii) shallow earth processes (regional subsidence, ground collapse, soil subsidence, ground heave), (iv) atmospheric hazards (storm, hail, lightning, extreme heat, extreme cold), (v) biophysical (urban fires), and vi) space hazards (geomatic storms, and impact events). The breadth of single natural hazards that can potentially impact Nairobi is much larger than normally considered by individual hazard managers that work in Nairobi. We then use a global hazard matrix to identify possible hazard interactions, focusing on the following interaction mechanisms: (i) hazard triggering secondary hazard, (ii) hazards amplifying the possibility of the secondary hazard occurring.&#160; We identify 67 possible interactions, as well as some of the interaction cascade typologies that are typical for Nairobi (e.g. a storm triggers and increases the probability of a flood which in turn increases the probability of a flood). Our results indicate a breadth of natural hazards and their interactions in Nairobi, and emphasise a need for a multi-hazard approach to disaster risk reduction.</p>

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Assessing the interaction between mountain forests and natural hazards at Nevados de Chillán, Chile, and its implications for Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction

10.5194/nhess-2017-348 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro Casteller ◽

Thomas Häfelfinger ◽

Erika Cortés Donoso ◽

Karen Podvin ◽

Dominik Kulakowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Natural Hazards ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Process Models ◽

Snow Avalanches ◽

Tree Ring Data ◽

Risk Reduction Measure

Abstract. Gravitational natural hazards such as snow avalanches, rockfalls, shallow landslides and volcanic activity represent a risk factor for mountain communities around the world. In particular where documentary records about these processes are rare, decisions on risk management and land-use planning have to be based on a variety of other sources including vegetation and tree-ring data and natural hazard process models. We used a combination of these methods in order to evaluate dynamics of snow avalanches and other natural hazards at Valle de las Trancas, in the Biobío Region in Chile. Along this valley, natural hazards threaten not only the local human population, but also the numerous tourists attracted by outdoor recreational activities. Given the regional scarcity of documentary records, tree-ring methods were applied in order to reconstruct the local history of snow avalanches and debris flow events, which are the more important weather-related processes at respective tracks. A recent version of the model Rapid Mass MovementS (RAMMS), that includes influences of forest structure, was used to calculate different avalanche parameters such as runout distances and maximum pressures, taking into consideration the presence/absence of forest along the tracks as well as different modelled return periods. Our results show that local Nothofagus broadleaved forests contribute to a reduction of avalanche runout distances as well as impact pressures on present infrastructure, thus constituting a valuable ecosystem disaster risk reduction measure that can substitute or complement other traditional measures such as sheds.

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A Dynamic Decision-Making Approach for Cyber-Risk Reduction in Critical Infrastructure

2018 IEEE 8th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER) ◽

10.1109/cyber.2018.8688105 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Qianxiang Zhu ◽

Yue Zhao ◽

Li Fei ◽

Chujie Zhou

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Dynamic Decision Making ◽

Cyber Risk

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Risk-Reduction Processes in Repetitive Consumer Behavior

Journal of Marketing Research ◽

10.1177/002224376800500311 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 307-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jagdish N. Sheth ◽

M. Venkatesan

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Brand Loyalty ◽

Information Seeking ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Consumer Decision Making ◽

Reduction Processes ◽

Over Time

This experimental study of consumer decision making over time explored risk-reduction processes of information seeking, prepurchase deliberation, and brand loyalty. Perceived risk was manipulated by creating low-risk and high-risk groups. The task was to choose among brands of hair spray. Results showed that information seeking and prepurchase deliberation declined over time and brand loyalty increased over time.

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