scholarly journals Do mollusks use vertebrate sex steroids as reproductive hormones? II. Critical review of the evidence that steroids have biological effects

Steroids ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reproductive Hormones

scholarly journals A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species—A Critical Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Hosnedlova ◽  
Marta Kepinska ◽  
Sylvie Skalickova ◽  
Carlos Fernandez ◽  
Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
New Findings

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Freitas ◽  
Maria M. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and in the cell structure and fluidity of membranes. They participate in the resolution of inflammation and have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Additionally, they can act as agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, namely, GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4. Cancer patients undergo complications, such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, pain, depression, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Interestingly, the 2017 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines for cancer patients only discuss the use of omega-3 PUFAs for cancer-cachexia treatment, leaving aside other cancer-related complications that could potentially be managed by omega-3 PUFA supplementation. This critical review aimed to discuss the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-related complications. Data compilation in this critical review indicates that further investigation is still required to assess the factual benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-associated illnesses. Nevertheless, preclinical evidence reveals that omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites might modulate pivotal pathways underlying complications secondary to cancer, indicating that this is a promising field of knowledge to be explored.

Sex Steroids and Cluster Headache: Hypotheses

Cephalalgia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Polleri
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Gonadal Function

The pathophysiological significance of the changes in gonadal function observed in cluster headache is far from clear. Some features of the disease, such as the sex predominance, the lateralization of symptoms and the character of pain itself may be connected to some biological effects of gonadal steroids.

scholarly journals Serum Androgen Bioactivity in Cryptorchid and Noncryptorchid Boys during the Postnatal Reproductive Hormone Surge

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2597-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneli Raivio ◽  
Jorma Toppari ◽  
Marko Kaleva ◽  
Helena Virtanen ◽  
Anne-Maarit Haavisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Recombinant Cell ◽  
Nonpalpable Testis

The first postnatal months of life in boys are characterized by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis that results in the well depicted surge of reproductive hormones. Serum testosterone levels at that time are high, but infants do not display signs of virilization, and subsequently there is only indirect evidence that circulating androgens during the surge are biologically active. We used a recombinant cell bioassay to determine serum androgen bioactivity in 80 3-month-old boys born after full-term pregnancies (37–42 wk) in whom localization of the testes was determined by palpation after birth and at a mean age of 3 months. At that age, serum androgen bioactivity ranged from less than 0.8 to 1.9 nm testosterone equivalents and correlated with serum testosterone concentration (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001; n = 34), free androgen index (r = 0.80; P < 0.0001; n = 34), age (r = −0.29; P < 0.01; n = 80), and localization of the testes (r = −0.24; P < 0.05; n = 80). Moreover, all boys in this study with detectable androgen bioactivity (n = 26) had testes located in scrotal or high scrotal position (n = 64), whereas all boys (n = 16) with at least 1 suprascrotal, inguinal, or nonpalpable testis had nonmeasurable androgen bioactivity in serum (P < 0.01). We conclude that 3-month-old boys are exposed to biological effects of androgens during the postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and that this exposure may be reduced in boys with at least 1 testis located superior to the scrotum.

scholarly journals Sex steroids in the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. R179-R196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clovis Boibessot ◽  
Paul Toren
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Prostate Tumor ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
The Relationship

Prostate cancer is uniquely dependent on androgens. Despite years of research on the relationship between androgens and prostate cancer, many questions remain as to the biological effects of androgens and other sex steroids during prostate cancer progression. This article reviews the clinical and basic research on the influence of sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone within the prostate tumor microenvironment on the progression of prostate cancer. We review clinical studies to date evaluating serum sex steroids as prognostic biomarkers and discuss their respective biological effects within the prostate tumor microenvironment. We also review the link between genomic alterations and sex steroid levels within prostate tumors. Finally, we highlight the links between sex steroid levels and the function of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. As the context of treatment of lethal prostate cancer evolves over time, an understanding of this underlying biology remains central to developing optimal treatment approaches.

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