The impact of 14 years of conventional and no-till cultivation on the physical properties and crop yields of a loam soil at Grafton NSW, Australia

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

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Changes in Physical Properties of Chernozems under the Impact of No-Till Technology

Eurasian Soil Science ◽

10.1134/s1064229320070029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 968-977

Author(s):

V. P. Belobrov ◽

S. S. Yudin ◽

N. V. Yaroslavtseva ◽

A. V. Yudina ◽

V. K. Dridiger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

No Till ◽

The Impact

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Effect of tillage and fertilization on inorganic and organic soil phosphorus

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss93-038 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 359-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I. P. O'Halloran

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Soil Organic C ◽

P Fractionation ◽

Organic C ◽

No Till ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Impact

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tillage and fertilization practices on soil organic carbon (organic-C) and the distribution of phosphorus between inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) pools in a clay and sandy loam soil under a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Tillage treatments were established in the fall of 1981. The soils for this study were sampled (0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm) in June 1988. Treatments consisted of three types of tillage: (i) conventional (CT): fall moldboard ploughing with two spring diskings; (ii) reduced (RT): with either fall chisel ploughing (1981–1986) or no fall tillage (1987) followed by one spring disking, and (iii) no-till (NT); and two types of fertilization (i) inorganic (I): 170 kg N ha−1. 80 kg P2O5, ha−1, 75 kg K2O ha−1, and (ii) organic fertilizer (O): dairy manure applied to give 170 kg N ha−1 plus 80 kg P2O5, ha−1 from inorganic P fertilizer. Even though a lime application was made in the fall of 1985, soil pH was significantly lower in the I fertilizer treatments. Reduction of tillage intensity resulted in a lower pH in the surface layer of the sandy loam soil. Tillage did not affect soil organic-C, or total soil Po (soil-Po) in either soil. Compared with the I fertilizer treatment, the O fertilizer treatment resulted in increased levels of soil organic-C and soil-Po only in the sandy loam soil. Labile levels of Po in the soil were not affected by treatments. Increased soil-Po levels possibly resulted from an increase in stable Po complexes. Moderately labile Po levels were not affected by treatments in the clay soil. In the sandy loam soil, O fertilization decreased moderately labile Po levels in the surface layer of the NT treatment, and increased this P fraction in the 10- to 20-cm soil layer of the RT and CT treatments. In the surface layer of both soils, labile levels of Pi were greater for the O fertilization treatment (approximately 40 and 47% higher for the clay and sandy loam, respectively), and were lower under CT. Increased labile Pi levels were associated with the O fertilizer treatment in the 10- to 20-cm depth increment in the sandy loam soil only, suggesting a greater downward movement of P with manure applications. Key words: Conventional tillage, zero-tilled, no-till, reduced tillage, manure, P fractionation

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Assessing the impact of irrigating with saline water on physical properties of a sandy loam soil.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8741 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tinashe Mawodza ◽

Manoj Menon ◽

Masoud Babaei ◽

Genoveva Burca ◽

Oxana V. Magdysyuk

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Saline Water ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Irrigation Period ◽

The World ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Impact

<p>Soil salinisation is one of the most potent forms of land degradation that affects soils of arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Management of soils with potential for salinisation is key to ensuring the sustainability of marginal soils in predominantly dry regions of the world. In this research, to assess the potential impact of irrigation with saline water on the physical properties of a marginal soil. We subjected a sandy loam soil to flood irrigation with water of variable salinity levels (namely 0, 2, &#160;5 and 10 g/L NaCl) for up to 40 days. After every irrigation cycle, each of the soil samples was subjected hydraulic conductivity measurements for the duration of the experiment. At the end of the 40 day experimental irrigation period, soil cores were non-invasively scanned using X-Ray CT scanning to assess for changes in pore distribution as a result of the different irrigation quality water. Furthermore, measurement of other physio-chemical soil properties such as aggregate stability, EC and pH of each soil were also done to get a more complete idea of the changes that occurred during the experiment.&#160;</p>

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Double no-till and permanent raised beds in maize–wheat rotation of north-western Indo-Gangetic plains of India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 291-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

M.L. Jat ◽

M.K. Gathala ◽

Y.S. Saharawat ◽

J.P. Tetarwal ◽

Raj Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Gangetic Plains ◽

No Till ◽

North Western

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Researching of chemical and biological elements in No-Till agrotechnology

Fundamental and Applied Soil Science ◽

10.15421/041902 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

V. V. Nykyforov ◽

V. Ya. Moklyak ◽

O. V. Novokhatko ◽

Yu. V. Ritchenko ◽

A. B. Kulbachko

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Humus Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Sugar Production ◽

No Till ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

The Impact

The richness of civilization is the soil which 99% of it produces food. There is more than 95% of the gene pool of living matter in the soil of planet. In modern conditions, there is a problem of rational use of soil as place for natural formations (edafotops) which are the most important components of biogeocenosis. The relevance of this work is that the soil as nutrient in the biosphere performs a unique function. The most important parameter is the fertility of the soil, which determines the basic properties of terrestrial ecosystems: efficient production and stability. Estimation of the main factors of fertilityed edafotop is a mandatory element of environmental monitoring. The purpose of this work is to study the dynamics of acidity and assessment of humus content in soil with sand and character changes on the number of microorganisms of major ecological-trophic groups and quantitative analysis of microalgae with typical chernozem processing and No-Till. Scientific novelty of results. For the first time the complex estimation of features humus formation in typical horizons layer was conducted and the dependence population of the complex microbial edafotop farm was installed on the territory farming systems of Semenivka district of Poltava region. For research were selected 17 soil samples in Semenivka district (Poltava region). The soil samples were selected in the localities which use standardized methods and techniques. The objects of study are samples chernozem typical from edafotop with different processing technology, in particular after making defekat sugar production, selected on the territory of the farm agrocenosis. Subject of research is dynamics of humus, microbiota and algae in soils that are traditionally handled by biotechnology and No-Till, and the impact a defekat of sugar production on the soil acidity. As a result of research settled the following tasks: 1) it was selected the samples of chernozem with varying technology soil processing; 2) it was estimated humus content by Tyurin (titrimetric) and acidity of soil samples by potentiometry; 3) it was investigated the feasibility of using a defekate after sugar production as fertilizer; 4) it was found the number of complex microbial studied soils; 5) it was set the factors in the formation of complex microbial soil; 6) it was set of environmental measures aimed at restoring of soil fertility. Soil samples were prepared for analysis by standard procedure. During the research was used a method of potentiometry to determine pH (degree of acidity of the soil solution). The concentration of humus titrimetric determined by using of chromium mixture and Mohr's salt (I. V. Tyurin method). Preliminary preparation of soil for microbiological analysis was performed by dispersing. For quantifying soil microorganisms was used the method of planting soil slurry into solid peptone-agarnutrient media and Zvyagintsev's scale. Statistical analysis of the results of research was carried out using MS Excel. The practical significance of the results is the scientific substantiation of ecological and economic profitability of introducing technology No-Till in Ukraine. This agrotechnology will preserve and restore the fertile layer of soil (improving its chemical, physical and biological properties, increasing content of organic matter in the soil), reduce or eliminate erosion of soil (no need to spend extra money to solve this problem), accumulate and retain the moisture in the soil, which in turn will reduce dependence the crop on climatic conditions and increase crop yields. It Is established that the use of No-Till system increased content humus, increased the number of microorganisms and soil microalgae, which can significantly affect the fertility of chernozem.

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Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.10.643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 643-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽

HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽

RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽

ASHOK GHOSH ◽

PETER W. HART

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Strength Loss ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Pulp Viscosity ◽

Softwood Pulp ◽

The Impact ◽

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine ◽

10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. Maidanovych ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Winter Period ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Average Annual Temperature ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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Comparison of Osmotic Resistance, Shape and Transmembrane Potential of Erythrocytes Collected from Healthy and Fed with High Fat-Carbohydrates Diet (HF-CD) Pigs—Protective Effect of Cistus incanus L. Extracts

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14041050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1050

Author(s):

Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk ◽

Robert Pasławski ◽

Urszula Pasławska ◽

Kacper Nowak ◽

Michał Płóciennik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Osmotic Resistance ◽

High Fat ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Cistus Incanus ◽

Osmotic Resistance Of Erythrocytes ◽

The Impact

Long-term high fat-carbohydrates diet (HF-CD) contributes to the formation of irreversible changes in the organism that lead to the emergence of civilization diseases. In this study, the impact of three-month high-fat diet on the physical properties of erythrocytes (RBCs) was studied. Furthermore, the biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts, plant known with high pro-health potential, in relation to normal and HF-CD RBCs, was determined. Obtained results have shown that, applied HF-CD modified shape, membrane potential and osmotic resistance of erythrocytes causing changes in membrane lipid composition and the distribution of lipids. The impact of HF-CD on physical properties of RBCs along with atherosclerotic lesions of the artery was visible, despite the lack of statistically significant changes in blood morphology and plasma lipid profile. This suggests that erythrocytes may be good markers of obesity-related diseases. The studies of biological activity of Cistus incanus L. extracts have demonstrated that they may ameliorate the effect of HF-CD on erythrocytes through the membrane-modifying and antioxidant activity.

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Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Yuan Xu ◽

Jieming Chou ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Mingyang Sun ◽

Weixing Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Data ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Output Elasticity ◽

The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

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