scholarly journals Assessment of tissue-specific multifactor effects in environmental –omics studies of heterogeneous biological samples: Combining hyperspectral image information and chemometrics

Talanta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Olmos ◽  
Mónica Marro ◽  
Pablo Loza-Alvarez ◽  
Demetrio Raldúa ◽  
Eva Prats ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. DeLiberto ◽  
Melissa K. Drown ◽  
Marjorie F. Oleksiak ◽  
Douglas L. Crawford

AbstractVariation in tissue-specific metabolism between species and among individuals is thought to be adaptively important; however, understanding this evolutionary relationship requires reliably measuring this trait in many individuals. In most higher organisms, tissue specificity is important because different organs (heart, brain, liver, muscle) have unique ecologically adaptive roles. Current technology and methodology for measuring tissue-specific metabolism is costly and limited by throughput capacity and efficiency. Presented here is the design for a flexible and cost-effective high-throughput micro-respirometer (HTMR) optimized to measure small biological samples. To verify precision and accuracy, substrate specific metabolism was measured in heart ventricles isolated from a small teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus, and in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Within the system, results were reproducible between chambers and over time with both teleost hearts and yeast. Additionally, metabolic rates and allometric scaling relationships in Fundulus agree with previously published data measured with lower-throughput equipment. This design reduces cost, but still provides an accurate measure of metabolism in small biological samples. This will allow for high-throughput measurement of tissue metabolism that can enhance understanding of the adaptive importance of complex metabolic traits.


2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Lu ◽  
Sun Jun ◽  
Yang Ning ◽  
Wu Xiaohong ◽  
Zhou Xin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4876
Author(s):  
Zhanpeng Xu ◽  
Yiming Jiang ◽  
Sailing He

In this work, we develop a multi-mode microscopic hyperspectral imager (MMHI) for the detection of biological samples in transmission imaging, reflection imaging and fluorescence mode. A hyperspectral image cube can be obtained with 5 μm spatial resolution and 3 nm spectral resolution through push-broom line scanning. To avoid possible shadows produced by the high magnification objective with a short working distance, two illumination patterns are designed to ensure the co-axiality of the illumination and detection. Three experiments for the detection of zebrafish and fingerprints and the classification of disaster-causing microalgae verify the good capability and functionality of the system. Based on the detected spectra, we can observe the impacts of β-carotene and melanin in zebrafish, hemoglobin in the fingertip, and chlorophyll in microalgae, respectively. Multi-modes can be switched freely according to the application requirement and characteristics of different samples, like transmission mode for the transparent/translucent sample, reflection mode for the opaque sample and fluorescence mode for the fluorescent sample. The MMHI system also has strong potential for the non-invasive and high-speed sensing of bio or clinical samples.


Author(s):  
W. R. Schucany ◽  
G. H. Kelsoe ◽  
V. F. Allison

Accurate estimation of the size of spheroid organelles from thin sectioned material is often necessary, as uniquely homogenous populations of organelles such as vessicles, granules, or nuclei often are critically important in the morphological identification of similar cell types. However, the difficulty in obtaining accurate diameter measurements of thin sectioned organelles is well known. This difficulty is due to the extreme tenuity of the sectioned material as compared to the size of the intact organelle. In populations where low variance is suspected the traditional method of diameter estimation has been to measure literally hundreds of profiles and to describe the “largest” as representative of the “approximate maximal diameter”.


Author(s):  
C. F. Oster

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.


Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.


1997 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina A. Felitti ◽  
Raquel L. Chan ◽  
Gabriela Gago ◽  
Estela M. Valle ◽  
Daniel H. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  

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