“They have to be better than human drivers!” Motorcyclists’ and cyclists’ perceptions of autonomous vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Kristen Pammer ◽  
Cassandra Gauld ◽  
Angus McKerral ◽  
Caitlin Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: General Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lu ◽  
Yan Tong ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Yiqiao Xing ◽  
Changzheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Imaging Center ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Better Than

With the emergence of unmanned plane, autonomous vehicles, face recognition, and language processing, the artificial intelligence (AI) has remarkably revolutionized our lifestyle. Recent studies indicate that AI has astounding potential to perform much better than human beings in some tasks, especially in the image recognition field. As the amount of image data in imaging center of ophthalmology is increasing dramatically, analyzing and processing these data is in urgent need. AI has been tried to apply to decipher medical data and has made extraordinary progress in intelligent diagnosis. In this paper, we presented the basic workflow for building an AI model and systematically reviewed applications of AI in the diagnosis of eye diseases. Future work should focus on setting up systematic AI platforms to diagnose general eye diseases based on multimodal data in the real world.

scholarly journals Investigating drivers’ trust in autonomous vehicles’ decisions of lane changing events

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278
Author(s):  
Jackie Ayoub ◽  
Feng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Better Than

It is potential to improve the interaction between autonomous vehicles (AVs) and drivers by calibrating drivers’ trust in AVs. In this study, we investigated drivers’ trust in AVs’ decisions of changing lanes on a six-lane highway. We derived the AV lane changing scenarios using a machine learning model. The scenarios were rated by 250 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turks (AMTs) in a survey study. The study was designed as a mixed-subject design where the between-subject variable was the amount of information presented (i.e., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 pieces of information) and the within-subject variable was the information display format (i.e., tabular or visual forms). The results showed that 1) mental demand was always lower in the visual display compared to the tabular one, 2) trust and risk seemed to be inversely proportional across conditions, and 3) 4, 5, or 6 pieces of information tended to be preferred better than others. These results provide design implications on calibrating trust in AV systems by involving the driver in the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Selecting Remote Driving Locations for Latency Sensitive Reliable Tele-Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9799
Author(s):  
Syed Qamar Zulqarnain ◽  
Sanghwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Traffic Situation ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Communication Latency ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Remote Driving ◽  
Better Than

These days, autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology has been improved dramatically. However, even though the AVs require no human intervention in most situations, AVs may fail in certain situations. In such cases, it is desirable that humans can operate the vehicle manually to recover from a failure situation through remote driving. Furthermore, we believe that remote driving can enhance the current transportation system in various ways. In this paper, we consider a revolutionary transportation platform, where all the vehicles in an area are controlled by some remote controllers or drivers so that transportation can be performed in a more efficient way. For example, road capacity can be effectively utilized and fuel efficiency can be increased by centralized remote control. However, one of the biggest challenges in such remote driving is the communication latency between the remote driver and the vehicle. Thus, selecting appropriate locations of the remote drivers is very important to avoid any type of safety problem that might happen due to large communication latency. Furthermore, the selection should reflect the traffic situation created by multiple vehicles in an area. To tackle these challenges, in this paper, we propose several algorithms that select remote drivers’ locations for a given transportation schedules of multiple vehicles. We consider two objectives in this system and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through simulations. The results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than some baseline algorithms.

scholarly journals Predictive Path Following and Collision Avoidance of Autonomous Connected Vehicles

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelaal ◽  
Steffen Schön
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Circular Disk ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Bicycle Model ◽  
Better Than

This paper considers nonlinear model predictive control for simultaneous path-following and collision avoidance of connected autonomous vehicles. For each agent, a nonlinear bicycle model is used to predict a sequence of the states and then optimize them with respect to a sequence of control inputs. The objective function of the optimal control problem is to follow the planned path which is represented by a Bézier curve. In order to achieve collision avoidance among the networked vehicles, a geometric shape must be selected to represent the vehicle geometry. In this paper, an elliptic disk is selected for that as it represents the geometry of the vehicle better than the traditional circular disk. A separation condition between each pair of elliptic disks is formulated as time-varying state constraints for the optimization problem. Driving corridors are assumed to be also Bézier curves, which could be obtained from digital maps, and are reformulated to suit the controller algorithm. The algorithm is validated using MATLAB simulation with the aid of ACADO toolkit.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Electron Microscopic Observation of the Longitudinal Organization of Poly (p-Phenylene Terephthalamide) Fibers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aromatic Polyamides ◽  
Radial Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

Thermal Considerations in Lens Regulator Systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
K.C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Reference Networks ◽  
Better Than

Thermal effects in lens regulator systems have become a major problem with the extension of electron microscope resolution capabilities below 5 Angstrom units. Larger columns with immersion lenses and increased accelerating potentials have made solutions more difficult by increasing the power being handled. Environmental control, component choice, and wiring design provide answers, however. Figure 1 indicates with broken lines where thermal problems develop in regulator systemsExtensive environmental control is required in the sampling and reference networks. In each case, stability better than I ppm/min. is required. Components with thermal coefficients satisfactory for these applications without environmental control are either not available or priced prohibitively.

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