Required minimum primary stability and torque values for immediate loading of mini dental implants: an experimental study in nonviable bovine femoral bone

AbstractSmall diameter (mini) dental implants have become more popular in recent years as alternatives to classical implant treatment in clinical cases with critical bony situations. However, an in-depth scientific analysis of the mechanical and biomechanical effects of small diameter implants has not yet been published. The aim of the present study was to investigate experimentally different commercial mini implants by measuring their displacements under immediate loading. Twelve commercially available mini implants were measured. Implants were inserted into porcine mandibular segments and loaded by means of a predefined displacement of 0.5 mm of the loading system. The implants were loaded at an angle of 30° to the implant long axis using the self-developed biomechanical hexapod measurement system. Implant displacements were registered. The experimental results were compared to the numerical ones from a previous study. Measured implant displacements were within the range of 39–194 μm. A large variation in the displacements was obtained among the different implant systems due to the different designs and thread profiles. Comparing experimental and numerical results, the displacements that were obtained numerically were within the range of 79–347 μm. The different commercial mini implants showed acceptable primary stability and could be loaded immediately after their insertion.

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An In Vitro Evaluation of Primary Stability Values for Two Differently Designed Implants to Suit Immediate Loading in Very Soft Bone

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Dirk Krischik ◽

Selen Ergin Tokgöz ◽

Andreas van Orten ◽

Anton Friedmann ◽

Hakan Bilhan

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Primary Stability ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Immediate Loading ◽

Standard Protocol ◽

Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽

Implant Stability ◽

Sufficient Stability ◽

Implant Bed

The achievement of sufficient implant stability in poor quality bone seems to be a challenge. Most manufacturers develop special dental implants, which are claimed to show higher stability even in very soft bone. The aim of this experimental study was to compare two recently introduced dental implants with differing thread designs. A total of 11 implants of each group were inserted in the part of the fresh bovine ribs, corresponding to very soft bone. The primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and Periotest; the average of two measurements for each method and for each implant was taken and statistical analysis was applied. The highest stability values were obtained with the ICX Active Master implants, followed by the Conelog® Progressive-Line implants placed with the very soft bone protocol. The primary stability values of the Conelog® Progressive-Line implants inserted by the very soft bone protocol and the ICX Active Master implants placed with the standard protocol showed sufficient stability for immediate loading in low-density bone. Within the limitations of this study, the thread design of the implants and underdimensioned implant bed preparation seem to be effective for better primary stability in cancellous bone.

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Osseointegration of dental implants without primary stability: an experimental study in sheep

Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.15218/zjms.2017.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1616-1618 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Omed Shihab ◽

Abduljaleel Samad ◽

Hozak Ali ◽

Othman Omer ◽

Ahmed Haider

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Primary Stability

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Immediate Loading in the Maxillary Arch: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Improve Success Rates: A Review

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-d-joi-10-00058.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 610-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Sean Chung ◽

Anthony McCullagh ◽

Tassos Irinakis

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Primary Stability ◽

The Body ◽

Implant Design ◽

Immediate Loading ◽

Success Rates ◽

The Status ◽

Implant Restoration

The reliability of immediately loaded dental implants in the mandible has prompted many to investigate their application in the maxilla. Although the body of literature is growing, the long-term survivability of immediate loading in the maxilla is still pending. This review of literature investigates the status of immediate loading of dental implants in the maxilla to determine its predictability as a treatment option for partial and complete maxillary edentulism. Current terminology in the field is summarized first. Subsequently, the rationale and advantages of immediate loading in the maxilla are reviewed, and the relationships between immediate loading and osseointegration, primary stability, implant design, micromotion, immediate implant placement, and bone character are explored. The importance of a prosthodontically driven implant treatment plan emphasizing the role of splinting a high-precision and passively fitting implant restoration with reduced micromotion under function is summarized. The reliability and predictability of immediately loaded implants as a treatment option are proposed, and recommended guidelines for the successful delivery of immediately loaded implants in the maxilla are presented.

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An In Vitro Analysis on Polyurethane Foam Blocks of the Insertion Torque (IT) Values, Removal Torque Values (RTVs), and Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) Values in Tapered and Cylindrical Implants

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9238

Author(s):

Luca Comuzzi ◽

Margherita Tumedei ◽

Camillo D’Arcangelo ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

Giovanna Iezzi

Keyword(s):

Dental Implants ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Primary Stability ◽

Cortical Layer ◽

Insertion Torque ◽

Low Density ◽

Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Torque Values

Background: Several different dental implant microgeometries have been investigated in the literature for use in low-density bone sites. The polyurethane solid rigid blocks represent an optimal in vitro study model for dental implants, because their composition is characterized by symmetrical linear chains of monomers of hexa-methylene sequences producing a self-polymerization process. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the primary stability of cylindrical and tapered implants positioned into low-density polyurethane solid rigid blocks. Materials and Methods: Two different macrogeometries, cylindrical (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) and tapered dental implants (4.20 mm diameter and 10 mm length), were investigated in the present study. The implants were inserted into 10 PCF and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, with and without an additional cortical layer. The insertion torque (IT) values, the removal torque values (RTVs), and the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) values were measured and recorded. Results: A total of 80 sites were tested, and a significant increased primary stability (PS) was detected in favour of tapered dental implants when compared to cylindrical implants in all experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Higher IT, RT, and RFA values were measured in tapered implants in 10 and 20 PCF polyurethane blocks, both with and without the additional cortical layer. Conclusions: Both implants showed sufficient primary stability in poor density substrates, while, on the other hand, the tapered microgeometry showed characteristics that could also lead to clinical application in low-density posterior maxillary sites, even with a drastically decreased bone cortical component.

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The effect of length and diameter of dental implants on primary stability (experimental study on tibia of the sheep)

10.5348/100036d01hs2019oa ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Primary Stability

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Implant stability and marginal bone level of microgrooved zirconia dental implants: A 3-month experimental study on dogs

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp121003034d ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 451-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rafael Delgado-Ruíz ◽

Aleksa Markovic ◽

Luís Calvo-Guirado ◽

Zoran Lazic ◽

Adriano Piattelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Insertion Torque ◽

Implant Stability ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Group A ◽

Bone Level ◽

Group B ◽

Torque Values ◽

And Control

Background/Aim. The modification of implant surfaces could affect mechanical implant stability as well as dynamics and quality of peri-implant bone healing. The aim of this 3-month experimental study in dogs was to investigate implant stability, marginal bone levels and bone tissue response to zirconia dental implants with two laser-micro-grooved intraosseous surfaces in comparison with nongrooved sandblasted zirconia and sandblasted, high-temperature etched titanium implants. Methods. Implant surface characterization was performed using optical interferometric profilometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A total of 96 implants (4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) were inserted randomly in both sides of the lower jaw of 12 Fox Hound dogs divided into groups of 24 each: the control (titanium), the group A (sandblasted zirconia), the group B (sandblasted zirconia plus microgrooved neck) and the group C (sandblasted zirconia plus all microgrooved). All the implants were immediately loaded. Insertion torque, periotest values, radiographic crestal bone level and removal torque were recorded during the 3-month follow-up. Qualitative scanning electon micro-scope (SEM) analysis of the bone-implant interfaces of each group was performed. Results. Insertion torque values were higher in the group C and control implants (p < 0.05). Perio-test values increased in all the periods in proportion to the ex-tent of microgrooving as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). Radiographic measurements showed minimal crestal bone loss at 3 months for microgrooved zirconia implants (groups C and B) and control implants compared with the group A implants (p < 0.05). The removal torque values increased with time for all the groups as follows: the group C > the control > the group B > the group A (p < 0.05). SEM showed that implant surfaces of the groups B and C had an extra bone growth inside the microgrooves that corresponded to the shape and direction of the microgrooves. Conclusion. The addition of micro-grooves to the entire intraosseous surface of zirconia dental implants enhances primary and secondary implant stability, promotes bone tissue ingrowth and preserves crestal bone levels.

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