Tick infestation level interferes with spray formulation (organophosphate + pyrethroid) efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus

2022 ◽  
pp. 101903
Author(s):  
Gustavo Felippelli ◽  
Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira ◽  
Lucas Vinicius Costa Gomes ◽  
Willian Giquelin Maciel ◽  
Breno Cayeiro Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Spray Formulation

scholarly journals Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1465-1471
Author(s):  
Prasetyarti Utami ◽  
Bambang Heru Budianto ◽  
Ana Sahara
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Minimal Contact ◽  
Conscious Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and Aim: Cuscuses are one of the endemic Indonesian marsupials, which needs to be protected and revived in terms of the numbers and range of species. Ectoparasites of ticks (Ixodidae) are one potential obstacle to cuscus conservation. Tick infestation can cause blood loss in the host, even being a predisposing factor for infection with pathogenic organisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, infestation intensity, and species of ticks present on cuscuses in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Ticks were collected from cuscuses origin of the four regions in Maluku Province, namely the island of Ambon, Seram Island, Romang Island, and Wetar Island . Cuscuses were captured at night, with ticks being collected from them from the head to the tip of the tail. The tick samples obtained from the cuscuses were preserved, identified, and counted. Cuscuses were released back into their habitat after collecting the ticks. The obtained ticks were observed using an Olympus BX51 microscope with an Olympus DP12 digital camera and prepared for examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Infestation rate, infestation intensity, and morphology of the species were described. Results: The cuscuses were found to be infested with Ixodes cordifer ticks. Cuscuses in Maluku Province had a low tick infestation rate. The range of infestation prevalence of island origin cuscuses in Maluku was between 14.28% and 16.67%. Simultaneously, I. cordifer infestation level was mildly infested based on the intensity of thick infestation ranged from 1 to 1.2 ticks per cuscus. From observation of the tick surface structure under SEM, sexual dimorphism and various specific characteristics of the ticks were identified. Conclusion: The low infestation rate of I. cordifer ticks in cuscus was influenced by the up and down movement of the conscious activity in the tree, which allowed minimal contact with the ticks. The infestation prevalence rates on each island studied were similar. Such similarities of infestation are related to the similarity of cuscus species among Ambon, Lakor, Seram, and Romang islands, which are all included in the Phalangeridae family, and their similar habitats, behaviors, climatic conditions, and geographical areas.

scholarly journals Efficient Transovarial Transmission of Babesia Spp. in Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks Fed on Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Dasiel Obregón ◽  
Belkis Corona-González ◽  
Adrian Alberto Díaz-Sánchez ◽  
Yasmani Armas ◽  
Eugenio Roque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Babesia Spp

Water buffaloes can be infected by tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in endemic areas where cattle and buffalo coexist. Among TBPs affecting buffaloes is the Apicomplexan hemoparasites Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, transmitted by Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. However, little empirical evidence exists on whether buffalo can support TBPs’ infection and transmission. A cohort study was designed to measure the infestation levels of R. microplus in buffaloes as well as the ability of buffalo-fed ticks to transmit B. bovis and B. bigemina to their offspring. Tick infestation of different life stages was quantified in cattle and buffalo kept in field conditions in western Cuba. Engorged adult female ticks were allowed to lay eggs in controlled conditions of humidity and temperature, and reproductive parameters were measured and analyzed. Hosts and tick larvae were tested for the presence of Babesia spp. using species-specific qPCR assays. Tick infestation was not observed in adult buffaloes. However, buffalo and cattle calves were equally infested, although the larval survival rate was higher in cattle calves than in buffalo calves. All larval pools (31) obtained from the adult female ticks were positive for B. bovis, whereas only 68% (21/31) was positive for B. bigemina. Among the 10 larval pools negative for B. bigemina, three proceeded from adult females fed on Babesia-negative buffaloes. The other seven pools were from Babesia-positive animals, three from cattle and four from buffalo calves. Babesia infection levels in tick larvae, quantified by qPCR, were similar in female ticks fed on buffalo and bovine calves. We conclude that water buffalo can sustain tick vector populations and support Babesia infection in levels high enough as to be infective for ticks. Our results also validated the hypothesis that adult female ticks fed on buffalo can transmit the pathogens B. bovis and B. bigemina to their offspring. Nevertheless, further laboratory studies are needed to address the question of whether the transovarial transmission of Babesia occurs in the following settings: (1) When adult females are infected previous to the feeding on the buffalo or/and (2) when the adult females acquire the infection while feeding on the buffalo.

Does Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation increase the risk for myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in cattle?

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Reck ◽  
Fernanda S. Marks ◽  
Rogério O. Rodrigues ◽  
Ugo A. Souza ◽  
Anelise Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Cochliomyia Hominivorax

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Different Cattle Breeds to the Infestation of Cattle Ticks Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Natural Pastures of Opkara Farm, Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Eric Yessinou ◽  
Camus Adoligbe ◽  
Yao Akpo ◽  
Justin Adinci ◽  
Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Variegatum ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

A study was carried out on the Opkara (Benin) cattle farm on 64 cattle of four different breeds (16 individuals per breed) from June to December 2016. During this study, three tick species were found in different numbers, Amblyomma variegatum (732), Rhipicephalus microplus (8079), and Hyalomma spp. (208), with parasitic intensity of 11.90, 126.23, and 3.25, respectively. The interracial comparison of the tick infestation between the cattle showed a significant difference (P<0.001). However, Girolando was more infested than all the cattle breeds. Infestation of A. variegatum, R. microplus, and Hyalomma spp. on the Girolando was, respectively, 19.43 ± 2.71, 171.25 ± 23.50, and 7.12 ± 0.63, but the Borgou were less infested. Borgou breed females were more infested by A. variegatum (4.41 ± 1.14) than females Girolando (4.20 ± 0.90). The Crossbred and Azawak females were less infested (P<0.01). The mean of A. variegatum on Borgou, Azawak, Crossbred, and Girolando calves was 1.29 ± 0.35, 0.66 ± 0.26, 1.37 ± 0.37, and 2.25 ± 0.48 (P<0.01), respectively. The results of this study can be exploited to include genetic and nongenetic approaches to tick control.

scholarly journals Amblyomma cajennense infestation on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sandes Pires ◽  
Tiago Marques dos Santos ◽  
Huarrisson Azevedo Santos ◽  
Joice Aparecida Rezende Vilela ◽  
Maristela Peckle Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
The State ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Low Altitude

The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with infestation by Amblyomma cajennense on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Horses on 62 farms in the municipalities of the Itaguaí and Serrana microregions were evaluated between January and May 2009. The animals were examined to determine the presence of ticks and infestation level. The animals' rearing and management were assessed on each farm property using an epidemiological questionnaire. Out of the 635 horses evaluated, 41.6% were infested with A. cajennense. It was observed that farms in low-altitude regions (OR=3.69; CI: 2.3-5.8), with unsatisfactory zootechnical and sanitary management (OR=5.92; CI: 3.8-9.2) and an extensive rearing system (OR=4.25; CI: 2.1-8.5) were factors associated with tick infestation (p < 0.05) and also with cases of high infestation on horses. Use of chemical acaricides on horses was also associated with infestation (p < 0.05); the owners described different therapeutic approaches with different treatment intervals. From the present study, low altitudes, unsatisfactory management, extensive rearing and inappropriate use of acaricide products were factors associated with occurrences of A. cajennense at different infestation levels on horses in these municipalities.

scholarly journals Protective immunity against tick infestation in cattle vaccinated with recombinant trypsin inhibitor of Rhipicephalus microplus

Vaccine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (47) ◽  
pp. 6678-6685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Soares ◽  
Felix D. Guerrero ◽  
Fábio P. Leivas Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey of hard ticks and molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing domestic animals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255138
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rooman ◽  
Yasir Assad ◽  
Sadia Tabassum ◽  
Samia Sultan ◽  
Sultan Ayaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
India And China

Background In tropical and subtropical countries, tick infestation causes major public health problems and considerable financial losses to the livestock industry. This study was aimed to assess the species composition of richness and analyze the phylogeny of Rhipicephalus microplus in the District Bannu of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods Collected ticks were identified morphologically and DNA extracted from R. microplus was amplified and subjected to sequencing. Results A total of 3,600 animals were examined among them 1,494 animals were found to be infested with ticks, including 669 cows, 476 buffaloes, 163 goats, and 186 sheep (p = 0.001). Tick infestation was significantly high (43.58%) in animals of age group (<1 year) (p-value = 0.027). Female animals were more (44.05%) infested with ticks than males (34.43%) (p = 0.001). The intensity of infestation was significantly higher in summer (77.49%) (p = 0.001). A total of 5,557 ticks were collected comprising three genera and six species. R. microplus was predominantly prevalent (n = 1,474; 26.52%), followed by Rhipicephalus annulatus (n = 1,215; 21.86%), Hyalomma anatolicum (n = 1,139; 20.49%), Hyalomma marginatum (n = 1,086; 19.54%), and Rhipicephalus turanicus (n = 761; 13.69%), while the least common was Haemaphysalis aciculifer (n = 80; 1.43%) (p = 0.001). Morphologically identified R. microplus species were also analyzed genetically by using two genetic markers 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes. The phylogenetic study revealed that R. microplus is genetically diversified and clustered in clade B with R. microplus species from China, India, and Pakistan. Conclusion Ticks infestation was significantly correlated with various factors including age, sex, season, and animal type. R. microplus genetically resembled species reported from India and China. However, major knowledge gaps concerning various species of ticks exist and many areas are still unexplored in Pakistan. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the epidemiological and molecular aspects of various tick species in other regions of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Cytotoxic effect of Croton sphaerogynus extracts against Rhipicephalus microplus cell line

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Santos ◽  
L Martins ◽  
JM Balanco ◽  
LB Motta ◽  
CM Furlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus
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