scholarly journals Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation of cuscuses from Maluku Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1465-1471
Author(s):  
Prasetyarti Utami ◽  
Bambang Heru Budianto ◽  
Ana Sahara
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Minimal Contact ◽  
Conscious Activity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and Aim: Cuscuses are one of the endemic Indonesian marsupials, which needs to be protected and revived in terms of the numbers and range of species. Ectoparasites of ticks (Ixodidae) are one potential obstacle to cuscus conservation. Tick infestation can cause blood loss in the host, even being a predisposing factor for infection with pathogenic organisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, infestation intensity, and species of ticks present on cuscuses in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Ticks were collected from cuscuses origin of the four regions in Maluku Province, namely the island of Ambon, Seram Island, Romang Island, and Wetar Island . Cuscuses were captured at night, with ticks being collected from them from the head to the tip of the tail. The tick samples obtained from the cuscuses were preserved, identified, and counted. Cuscuses were released back into their habitat after collecting the ticks. The obtained ticks were observed using an Olympus BX51 microscope with an Olympus DP12 digital camera and prepared for examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Infestation rate, infestation intensity, and morphology of the species were described. Results: The cuscuses were found to be infested with Ixodes cordifer ticks. Cuscuses in Maluku Province had a low tick infestation rate. The range of infestation prevalence of island origin cuscuses in Maluku was between 14.28% and 16.67%. Simultaneously, I. cordifer infestation level was mildly infested based on the intensity of thick infestation ranged from 1 to 1.2 ticks per cuscus. From observation of the tick surface structure under SEM, sexual dimorphism and various specific characteristics of the ticks were identified. Conclusion: The low infestation rate of I. cordifer ticks in cuscus was influenced by the up and down movement of the conscious activity in the tree, which allowed minimal contact with the ticks. The infestation prevalence rates on each island studied were similar. Such similarities of infestation are related to the similarity of cuscus species among Ambon, Lakor, Seram, and Romang islands, which are all included in the Phalangeridae family, and their similar habitats, behaviors, climatic conditions, and geographical areas.

scholarly journals First Record of Cacopsylla pulchella (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) in Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Ejup Çota ◽  
Marta Kovač ◽  
Milan Pernek
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
First Record ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Alien Insect

The aim of this study is to identify plant lice Cacopsylla pulchella as a new alien insect in the fauna of Albania. In order to assess the potential of this insect as a pest causing damages on trees, infestation level assessment was used. In the first decade of June 2020 samples were collected at three locations in Albania, where Cercis siliquastrum is grown. Samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for further analysis. Field research was performed to assess distribution and infestation intensity across various localities. The intensity of infestation was assessed by visual examination and was categorized according to previously determined categories. C. pulchella was confirmed on C. siliquastrum in three localities in Albania. Most of the infested trees had a moderate or high intensity of infestation. Compared to the results of other countries, it seems that the Judas trees are under heavy attack in Albania. Librazhd and Elbansn districts had the highest recorded infestation level. Infested trees found in this study should be inspected in the following years and this alien insect should be further monitored in order to estimate its potential of becoming an invasive pest in this country.

scholarly journals Phenology and phylogeny of Hyalomma spp. ticks infesting one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Tunisian Saharan bioclimatic zone

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Khawla Elati ◽  
Faten Bouaicha ◽  
Mokhtar Dhibi ◽  
Boubaker Ben Smida ◽  
Moez Mhadhbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Bioclimatic Zone

In this study, we report the results of a survey of Hyalomma ticks infesting one-humped camels in southern Tunisia. Examinations were conducted every second or third month on 406 camels in Tataouine district from April 2018 to October 2019. A total of 1902 ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma were collected. The ticks were identified as adult H. impeltatum (41.1%; n = 782), H. dromedarii (32.9%; n = 626), H. excavatum (25.9%; n = 493), and H. marginatum for a single specimen. Although the camels were infested by ticks throughout the year, the highest overall infestation prevalence was observed in April 2018 (p < 0.01). The overall infestation intensity varied between 2.7 and 7.4 ticks/animal. There were no statistically significant differences in tick infestation prevalence based on age categories of the camels, and the overall infestation prevalence was between 82.7% and 97.4%. Female camels were significantly more infested with ticks (88.3%) than males (65.5%) (p < 0.01). The infestation prevalence of camels varied significantly according to the region where sampling took place (p < 0.01), but no correlations were found with abiotic factors. The preferred attachment sites for adult Hyalomma ticks were the sternum (38.3%; n = 729/1902), around the anus (36.2%; n = 689/1902), udder (18.4%; n = 350/1902), and inner thigh (6.9%; n = 132/1902). Morphological classification of ticks was corroborated by sequencing the cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1) and 16S rDNA genes, and these sequences were also used to infer phylogenetic relationships. A single H. dromedarii seemed to be a natural hybrid with H. rufipes. More attention should be devoted by the veterinary services to the infestation of camels by ticks.

Preparation of the Reed Cellulose Membrane by Using NMMO Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ling Pan ◽  
Wen Jiang Li ◽  
Ming Rui Wang ◽  
Chen You
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Cellulose Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reed cellulose was extracted from the wild reed in the hot 12% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution. Then, the cellulose membrane was successfully prepared by using the reed cellulose as the raw materials dissolved in the solvent of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO). The characterization of the reed cellulose film was studied by the digital camera, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the reed cellulose membrane is a smooth appearance and good quality film, which could have many applications in the practical filed.

scholarly journals Influence of Various Climatic Conditions on the Structural Changes of Semicrystalline PLA Spun-Bonded Mulching Nonwovens during Outdoor Composting

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Puchalski ◽  
Piotr Siwek ◽  
Nicolay Panayotov ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Stanisława Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Viscosity Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study analyzed the structural changes of semicrystalline polylactide (PLA) in the form of spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, during outdoor composting. The investigation was carried out at the microstructural, supramolecular and molecular levels using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and the viscosity method, respectively. The obtained experimental results revealed how the popular outdoor composting method, realized under two different European climatic conditions (in Poland and in Bulgaria), affects the degradation of PLA nonwoven, designed for agriculture use. The results showed the insignificant influence of the climatic conditions and prepared compost mixtures on the molecular and micromorphological structure of PLA spun-bonded mulching nonwovens, with a visible increase in crystallinity after the first year of composting. Significant changes were observed only after the second year of composting, which indicates the resistance of semicrystalline PLA to degradation in outdoor composting conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oestrus ovis(Diptera: Oestridae) in sheep from the São Paulo Central region, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Fernanda da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Puglia Machado ◽  
Thiago Braga Izidoro ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Oestrus Ovis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Infestation Intensity

The heads of 139 slaughtered sheep were examined with the aim of determining Oestrus ovis prevalence and infestation intensity in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Heads from slaughtered sheep were examined and the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) O. ovis larval instars were recovered from the nasal and sinus cavities. O. ovislarvae were detected in 13.7% of the sheep analyzed. The monthly mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 to 10.2 larvae per infested head, with general mean intensity of 4.5 larvae/infested head. Of the total of 85 larvae, 21.2% were L1, 37.6% L2 and 41.2% L3. In conclusion, all different O. ovis larvae instars were recovered from slaughtered animals, which demonstrates the existence of favorable climatic conditions for the fly activity and larval development of O. ovis in sheep raised in the Central region of the State of São Paulo.

scholarly journals Tick infestation on roe deer in relation to geographic and remotely sensed climatic variables in a tick-borne encephalitis endemic area

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CARPI ◽  
F. CAGNACCI ◽  
M. NETELER ◽  
A. RIZZOLI
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

SUMMARYRoe deer Capreolus capreolus are among the most important feeding hosts for the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus, thus contributing to the occurrence of tick-borne diseases in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), which is transmitted by co-feeding of larvae and nymphs on rodents, requires precise climatic conditions to occur. We used roe deer as sentinels for potential circulation of TBE virus in Northern Italy, by examining the association between tick infestation, occurrence of TBE human cases, geographical and climatic parameters. Tick infestation on roe deer, and particularly frequency of co-feeding, was clearly associated with the geographic location and the autumnal cooling rate. Consistently, TBE occurrence in humans was geographically related to co-feeding tick abundance. The surveillance of tick infestation on roe deer, combined with remotely sensed climatic data, could therefore be used as an inexpensive early risk assessment tool of favourable conditions for TBE emergence and persistence in humans.

The transmission of Theileria parva by Ticks

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Aneurin Lewis ◽  
W. Fotheringham
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
East Coast Fever ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Results

1. The development of Theileria parva in engorged larvae of R. appendiculatus exposed to a temperature of 4–6° C. for 3 days at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 days after repletion is not retarded; and it appears, from previous experiments and those now described, that, as long as the tick survives, climatic conditions do not kill or weaken the parasite.2. The virulence of East Coast fever transmitted by ticks fed in the tail brush did not differ from the disease conveyed by ticks infesting the ears.3. Reference is made to records of mild reactions to Bast Coast fever when the parasites are either rare or absent; and instances are given of such reactions followed by recovery in experimental animals. Although the mild form of the disease seems associated at times with light tick infestation, it is proved that a few infected ticks also transmit a fatal East Coast fever. It is shown also that ticks fed on a bovine during a short or mild reaction can produce a virulent form of the disease in susceptible animals, and that mild reactors acquire an immunity to the virulent disease.4. The experiments which are described indicate that ticks do not become infected with T. parva from the blood of a bovine for the first 4 days of the reaction period.5. Evidence is produced which strongly suggests that T. parva tends to disappear from infected hungry ticks kept under laboratory conditions for about a year or more. The age of the tick would appear to be an important factor in the transmission of East Coast fever.6. Attempts to break down the immunity to East Coast fever, and to produce “turning-sickness”, by massive infestations of ticks were unsuccessful; and further experiments on the transmission of East Coast fever by ticks which had fed on animals suffering from “turning-sickness” did not confirm earlier positive results.These conflicting results may be explained by the observations that “turning-sickness”, associated with the blocking of the small capillaries of the brain by lymphocytes containing schizonts indistinguishable from the Koch's bodies of T. parva, may be divided into three stages, namely, acute, subacute and chronic; and it is suggested that infection of ticks with T. parva from “turning-sickness” could normally be successful only from animals in the acute and early part of the subacute stages since piroplasms disappear from the peripheral blood stream in the more advanced cases of “turning-sickness”.7. The opinions of other workers on East Coast fever are discussed in the light of the experiments carried out at Kabete and of field experience in Kenya Colony. It is explained how the results can be applied to the movement of cattle from endemic areas over country free from East Coast fever.

Chrysophycean stomatocyst flora from Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Zeeb ◽  
John P. Smol
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Varved Sediments ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Effort ◽  
Elk Lake ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paleoecological record preserved in the varved sediments of Elk Lake, Clearwater County, Minnesota, has been used by a large number of researchers to reconstruct past environmental and climatic conditions that have occurred at this important reference site. As part of this interdisciplinary effort, we used the International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) taxonomic guidelines to describe the chrysophycean flora that Elk Lake supported over the last 10 400 years. In total, we identified 56 stomatocyst morphotypes using scanning electron and light microscopy. Over one-third of these morphotypes had not been previously recorded. Key words: stomatocyst, Chrysophyceae, paleolimnology, Minnesota, climatic change.

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