scholarly journals Development of a safe and effective novel synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF-10 derived from physiological metabolic pathways and function of human pulmonary surfactant

Vaccine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Mucosal Adjuvant ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Duan Ni ◽  
Rosilene V. Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriela V. Pinget ◽  
Laurence Macia
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
And Function ◽  
Micro Organisms

Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.

Pulmonary surfactant: phase behavior and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Piknova ◽  
Vincent Schram ◽  
StephenB Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Surfactant Phase ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Unlocking Elementary Conversion Modes: ecmtool unveils all capabilities of metabolic networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. Clement ◽  
Erik B. Baalhuis ◽  
Bas Teusink ◽  
Frank J. Bruggeman ◽  
Robert Planqué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Metabolic Network Reconstruction ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Threat Levels ◽  
Experimental Characterisation

AbstractThe metabolic capabilities of cells determine their biotechnological potential, fitness in ecosystems, pathogenic threat levels, and function in multicellular organisms. Their comprehensive experimental characterisation is generally not feasible, particularly for unculturable organisms. In principle, the full range of metabolic capabilities can be computed from an organism’s annotated genome using metabolic network reconstruction. However, current computational methods cannot deal with genome-scale metabolic networks. Part of the problem is that these methods aim to enumerate all metabolic pathways, while computation of all (elementally balanced) conversions between nutrients and products would suffice. Indeed, the elementary conversion modes (ECMs, defined by Urbanczik and Wagner) capture the full metabolic capabilities of a network, but the use of ECMs has not been accessible, until now. We extend and explain the theory of ECMs, implement their enumeration in ecmtool, and illustrate their applicability. This work contributes to the elucidation of the full metabolic footprint of any cell.

Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Disease and Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 995 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Rahman ◽  
M. Rubayet Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Function

Pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, which is ubiquitously present in all living organisms, is one of the major metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism. The most important functions of this pathway includes the generation of reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH for reductive biosynthesis, and production of ribose sugars for the biosynthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and other macromolecules required by all living cells. Under normal conditions of growth, PP pathway is important for cell cycle progression, myelin formation, and the maintenance of the structure and function of brain, liver, cortex and other organs. Under diseased conditions, such as in cases of many metabolic, neurological or malignant diseases, pathological mechanisms augment due to defects in the PP pathway genes. Adoption of alternative metabolic pathways by cells that are metabolically abnormal, or malignant cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs often plays important roles in disease progression and severity. Accordingly, the PP pathway has been suggested to play critical roles in protecting cancer or abnormal cells by providing reduced environment, to protect cells from oxidative damage and generating structural components for nucleic acids biosynthesis. Novel drugs that targets one or more components of the PP pathway could potentially serve to overcome challenges associated with currently available therapeutic options for many metabolic and non-metabolic diseases. However, careful designing of drugs is critical that takes into the accounts of cell’s broader genomic, proteomic and metabolic contexts under consideration, in order to avoid undesirable side-effects. In this review, we discuss the role of PP pathway under normal and abnormal physiological conditions and the potential of the PP pathway as a target for new drug development to treat metabolic and non-metabolic diseases.

Pulmonary surfactant: its isolation, characterization and function

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN L. HARWOOD ◽  
ROY J. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Energy metabolism manipulates the fate and function of tumour myeloid-derived suppressor cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Hu ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Guangzhu Lin ◽  
Yu Zhen ◽  
Huanfa Yi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Promote Tumour Development

AbstractIn recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out in the field of immune metabolism, highlighting the role of metabolic energy reprogramming in altering the function of immune cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells generated during a large array of pathological conditions, such as cancer, inflammation, and infection, and show remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses. These cells can also change their metabolic pathways in response to various pathogen-derived or inflammatory signals. In this review, we focus on the roles of glucose, fatty acid (FA), and amino acid (AA) metabolism in the differentiation and function of MDSCs in the tumour microenvironment, highlighting their potential as targets to inhibit tumour growth and enhance tumour immune surveillance by the host. We further highlight the remaining gaps in knowledge concerning the mechanisms determining the plasticity of MDSCs in different environments and their specific responses in the tumour environment. Therefore, this review should motivate further research in the field of metabolomics to identify the metabolic pathways driving the enhancement of MDSCs in order to effectively target their ability to promote tumour development and progression.

scholarly journals Cellular Metabolic Regulation in the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chen ◽  
Jacob Colello ◽  
Wael Jarjour ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Metabolism ◽  
And Function

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The activity and function of Tregs are in large part determined by various intracellular metabolic processes. Recent findings have focused on how intracellular metabolism can shape the development, trafficking, and function of Tregs. In this review, we summarize and discuss current research that reveals how distinct metabolic pathways modulate Tregs differentiation, phenotype stabilization, and function. These advances highlight numerous opportunities to alter Tregs frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions via metabolic manipulation and have important translational implications.

NON-PROPAGATION OF NOISE IN INTRACELLULAR METABOLIC POOLS

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIMIN CHEN ◽  
JIAJUN ZHANG ◽  
ZHANJIANG YUAN ◽  
TIANSHOU ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Linear Noise Approximation ◽  
And Function

Intracellular metabolic pathways are highly interlinked networks. Such a network inevitably involves stochasticity due to the finite number of molecules of individual chemical species in biochemical reactions, which in turn would affect the development and function of living cells. Here, we investigate noise in the metabolic pools using linear noise approximation. By analyzing several typical motifs, we show non-propagation of noise in a clearer way in contrast to previous studies. Numerical simulation based on molecule-level Monte Carlo simulations further verifies the theoretic prediction. Our results would be helpful for understanding intracellular processes.

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