Temperature dependence of hydrogen depth distribution in the near-surface region of stainless steel

Vacuum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Takeyasu ◽  
Masuaki Matsumoto ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukutani
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface

scholarly journals Effect of Surface Roughness on Oxidation Resistance of Stainless Steel AISI 316Ti During Exposure at High Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 8060-8069
Author(s):  
Wojciech J. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Effect Of Surface

AbstractIn the present work, the influence of surface roughness on oxidation kinetics of AISI 316Ti stainless steel and its consequences in term of oxidation resistance were investigated. Namely, the effect of surface roughness on oxidation resistance was evaluated during different types of cyclic oxidation tests at 900 and 1000 °C. The obtained results revealed that alloy possessing higher surface roughness showed longer lifetime compared to that with lower surface roughness. It was also found that more severe cyclic conditions suppressed the positive effect of surface roughness on sample’s lifetime. The better oxidation resistance of rougher alloy was correlated with suppressed formation of Fe-rich nodules on ground surfaces and explained by the combined effect of introduced defects in the near-surface region and possible increase in residual stresses caused by mechanical surface preparation.

The Temperature Dependence of the Atoms Co Diffusion Coefficient in Pt80Co20(111) Alloy

2007 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
M. Vasylyev ◽  
Vitaliy A. Tinkov ◽  
Sergey I. Sidorenko ◽  
S.M. Voloshko
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Surface Segregation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Kinetics Of

The method of Ionization Spectroscopy is used to study the thermo-induced kinetics of surface segregation of the Pt80Co20(111) alloy components. The temperature dependence of the Co diffusion coefficient in this alloy is determined. It is found that the value of the activation energy for the segregation of Co atoms in the near-surface region is close to the heat of sublimation of pure Co.

EMISSION DEPTH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION OF Al 2s PHOTOELECTRONS IN Al2O3

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HUCEK ◽  
J. ZEMEK ◽  
A. JABLONSKI ◽  
I. S. TILININ
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Boltzmann Kinetic Equation ◽  
Escape Probability ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Photon Propagation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

The escape probability of Al 2s photoelectrons leaving an aluminum oxide sample (Al2O3) has been studied as a function of depth of origin. It has been found that the escape probability (the so-called emission depth distribution function — DDF) depends strongly on the photoelectron emission direction with respect to that of the incident X-ray beam. In particular, in the emission direction close to that of photon propagation, the DDF differs substantially from the simple Beer–Lambert law and exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior with a maximum in the near-surface region at a depth of about 10 Å. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on Monte Carlo simulations of the electron transport and with analytical solution of the linearized Boltzmann kinetic equation with appropriate boundary conditions. Both theoretical approaches take into account multiple elastic scattering of photoelectrons on their way out of the sample. It is shown that the commonly used straight line approximation (SLA), which neglects elastic scattering effects, fails to describe adequately experimental data at emission directions close to minima of the differential photoelectric cross section.

Antibacterial effect of silver nanofilm modified stainless steel surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (10n11) ◽  
pp. 1540013 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fang ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
M. Dhillon ◽  
S. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Development

Bacteria can attach to stainless steel surfaces, resulting in the colonization of the surface known as biofilms. The release of bacteria from biofilms can cause contamination of food such as dairy products in manufacturing plants. This study aimed to modify stainless steel surfaces with silver nanofilms and to examine the antibacterial effectiveness of the modified surface. Ion implantation was applied to produce silver nanofilms on stainless steel surfaces. 35 keV Ag ions were implanted with various fluences of 1 × 1015 to 1 × 1017 ions•cm-2 at room temperature. Representative atomic force microscopy characterizations of the modified stainless steel are presented. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry spectra revealed the implanted atoms were located in the near-surface region. Both unmodified and modified stainless steel coupons were then exposed to two types of bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptococcus thermophilus, to determine the effect of the surface modification on bacterial attachment and biofilm development. The silver modified coupon surface fluoresced red over most of the surface area implying that most bacteria on coupon surface were dead. This study indicates that the silver nanofilm fabricated by the ion implantation method is a promising way of reducing the attachment of bacteria and delay biofilm formation.

Temperature Dependence of Etch Rate and Residual Damage in Reactively Ion Etched GaAs and AlGaAs

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Pearton ◽  
K. S. Jones ◽  
U. K. Chakabarti ◽  
B. Emerson ◽  
E. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Residual Damage

ABSTRACTThe etch rate of GaAs and AIGaAs during CC12F2:O2 reactive ion etching was measured over the temperature range 50–400ºC. For GaAs, the etch rate increases super-linearly from ∼400Å.min−1 to ∼3000Åmin−1 over this temperature range for a 0.56 W.cm−2, 4 mTorr discharge with a 19:1 CC12F2:O2 mixture. The surface morphology of GaAs undergoes a smooth-to-rough transition near 150ºC, and theresidual damage in the near-surface region appears to decrease with increasing etch temperature. The I-V characteristics of Schottky diodes fabricated on the etched surfaces show ideality factors of 1.001 for 150ºC RIE, although these worsen because of thermal degradation of higher etching temperatures. From AES and XPS data the etched GaAs shows little contamination after etching. In contrast, little temperature dependence of the etch rate of AIGaAs is observed using CC12F2:O2, although once again there is surface degradation for etching temperatures above 150ºC.

Initiation and Growth of Short Cracks during Cycling in an Aged Superduplex Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balbi ◽  
S. Hereñú ◽  
Ingrid Proriol Serre ◽  
Jean Bernard Vogt ◽  
A.F. Armas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Axis ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Aged Condition ◽  
Exponential Behavior ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Short Cracks ◽  
Superduplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of short crack growth during cycling has been studied in a superduplex stainless steel in aged condition. After few cycles, slip lines appear distributed in both phases but the preferred phase for microcrack nucleation is the ferrite. Contrary to the exponential behavior observed in the as-received material, the growth rate of microcracks in aged condition follows a rather linear law. Internal dislocation structures were studied in the near surface region; microbands that sometimes extend over several grains were found at approximately 45º of the tensile axis on ferrite grains. The origin of the microbands has been analyzed and correlated with the microcracks.

Preparation of cross-sectional samples for near-surface TEM studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
R.C. Dickenson ◽  
K.R. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Standard Sample ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cold Worked

In thermal oxidation studies, the structure of the oxide-metal interface and the near-surface region is of great importance. A technique has been developed for constructing cross-sectional samples of oxidized aluminum alloys, which reveal these regions. The specimen preparation procedure is as follows: An ultra-sonic drill is used to cut a 3mm diameter disc from a 1.0mm thick sheet of the material. The disc is mounted on a brass block with low-melting wax, and a 1.0mm hole is drilled in the disc using a #60 drill bit. The drill is positioned so that the edge of the hole is tangent to the center of the disc (Fig. 1) . The disc is removed from the mount and cleaned with acetone to remove any traces of wax. To remove the cold-worked layer from the surface of the hole, the disc is placed in a standard sample holder for a Tenupol electropolisher so that the hole is in the center of the area to be polished.

The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

Microstructural changes of Aluminum Nitride after laser irradiation and electroless copper deposition

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
S. Cao ◽  
A. J. Pedraza ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Excimer Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Effect

Excimer-laser irradiation strongly modifies the near-surface region of aluminum nitride (AIN) substrates. The surface acquires a distinctive metallic appearance and the electrical resistivity of the near-surface region drastically decreases after laser irradiation. These results indicate that Al forms at the surface as a result of the decomposition of the Al (which has been confirmed by XPS). A computer model that incorporates two opposing phenomena, decomposition of the AIN that leaves a metallic Al film on the surface, and thermal evaporation of the Al, demonstrated that saturation of film thickness and, hence, of electrical resistance is reached when the rate of Al evaporation equals the rate of AIN decomposition. In an electroless copper bath, Cu is only deposited in laser-irradiated areas. This laser effect has been designated laser activation for electroless deposition. Laser activation eliminates the need of seeding for nucleating the initial layer of electroless Cu. Thus, AIN metallization can be achieved by laser patterning followed by electroless deposition.

Temperature Dependence of Oxide Layer Formation on Hydrogen Isotope Retention in Type 316 Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Okuno ◽  
Sachiko Suzuki ◽  
Hirotada Ishikawa ◽  
Takumi Hayashi ◽  
Toshihiko Yamanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
316 Stainless Steel
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