scholarly journals Comparison of Strategies in Development and Manufacturing of Low Viscosity, Ultra-High Concentration Formulation for IgG1 Antibody

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 3579-3589
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Deokar ◽  
Alok Sharma ◽  
Rustom Mody ◽  
Subrahmanyam M. Volety
Keyword(s):  
High Concentration ◽  
Igg1 Antibody ◽  
Low Viscosity

Effects of polymers concentration on EHL film-forming in point contacts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangwei Qiu ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Fakai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Pure Rolling ◽  
Film Forming

Purpose This paper aims to experimentally investigate the film-forming capability of base oils containing poly-methacrylate (PMA) and poly-isobutene (PIB), in a point contact under pure rolling. Design/methodology/approach By using the relative light intensity method, the film thickness is calculated from the interferometer images which are captured by multiple-contact optical elastohydrodynamic lubricated test rig. Findings The test results reveal that polymers, both PMA and PIB, have a significant contribution to the film-forming capability of base oils and the film thickness increases with concentration. The forming-film capabilities for PMA and PIB in base oils are similar at low concentration, while PIB gives a higher film thickness than PMA at high concentration. Shear-thinning phenomenon are observed in all polymer-based oils. Originality/value The polymer usually as an additive is added into the low viscosity base oils to improve the properties of lubricant oil. This paper reports the lubricated properties of PMA and PIB with different concentrations in base oils and to evaluate their functional mechanism in a point contact. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2020-0263/

Stability analysis of a particle band on the fluid–fluid interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hooshanginejad ◽  
Benjamin C. Druecke ◽  
Sungyon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stable Suspension ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Critical Wavelength ◽  
Hele Shaw Cell

We present experiments and theory for viscous fingering of a suspension of non-colloidal particles undergoing radial flow in a Hele-Shaw cell. As the suspension displaces air, shear-induced migration causes particles to move faster than the average suspension velocity and to accumulate on the suspension–air interface. The resultant particle accumulation generates a pattern in which low-concentration, low-viscosity suspension displaces high-concentration, high-viscosity suspension and is unstable due to the classic Saffman–Taylor instability mechanism. While the destabilising mechanism is well-understood, what remains unknown is the stabilising mechanism that suppresses fine fingers characteristic of miscible fingering. In this work, we demonstrate how the stable suspension–air interface interacts with the unstable miscible interface to set the critical wavelength. We present a linear stability analysis for the time-dependent radial flow and show that the wavenumber predicted by the analysis is in good agreement with parametric experiments investigating the effect of suspension concentration and gap thickness of the Hele-Shaw cell.

scholarly journals Volcanology and inflation structures of an extensive basaltic lava flow in the Payenia Volcanic Province, extra-Andean back arc of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Ignacio Bernardi ◽  
Gustavo Walter Bertotto ◽  
Alexis Daniel Ponce ◽  
Yuji Orihashi ◽  
Hirochika Sumino
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Effusion Rates ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
P Type

The El Puesto lava flow is located in the Payenia Volcanic Province (central-western Argentina), has a length of 70 km and is Middle Pleistocene in age (0.200±0.027 Ma). The flow shows a P-type pahoehoe structure and exhibits several inflation structures, mainly tumuli and also inflation ridges and lava rises. Lava rise pits and radial or annular clefts are common features associated with inflation structures. The gentle slope on which the flow moved (≈0.5°) allowed the lateral coalescence of lobes at the flow front and the development of an external rigid crust that insulated the liquid core. Lava tunnels are frequent and the lava tunnel named “Cueva de Halada” which is located at its medium portion is the best example of a drainage master tube which formed from the cooling of the crust around a stable inflated flow. Tumuli alignments and long inflation ridges reveal the existence of larger tunnels within the flow. Inflation structures may occur in high concentration belts that converge on a single main belt which is assigned to an anastomosed network of internal flow pathways within the main lava body. The development of inflation structures and lava tunnels require low to moderate effusion rates. An average lava supply rate of 1.8x10-4 m3/s and an inflation time of about 15 days were estimated for an average tumulus of this flow. A high and sustained supply of low viscosity lava (η’=1550 - 483 Pa s) was inferred that initially generated a sheet flow of great areal extension. The reduction in effusion rates could then allowed the development of tunnels that carried lava to the distal fronts, generating localized inflation phenomena throughout the lava flow.

Liquid high concentration IgG1 antibody formulations by precipitation

2009 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 3043-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Matheus ◽  
Wolfgang Friess ◽  
Daniel Schwartz ◽  
Hanns‐Christian Mahler
Keyword(s):  
High Concentration ◽  
Igg1 Antibody

Experience in Low Viscosity Guar-Free Fracturing Fluid Under Samotlor Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Koplik ◽  
Semen Sergeevich Kudrya ◽  
Denis Alekseevich Zolnikov ◽  
Rustam Albertovich Koltsov ◽  
Alexey Vasilievich Kovalevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Water Flooding ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Fracture Length ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
To Come

Abstract Executive Summary The recently developed Samotlor 2020 campaign includes a requirement to shift the Frac design to synthetic gelling agent (gellant) which would increase production, keep the reservoir clean and also reduce both capital and operational costs for each stage Frac stage (no need to heat up the water, an option to use the well water, no requirement to miniFrac performance, etc.). The key difference between guar-based gels and synthetic gels is a lower viscosity rating that results in a significant increase in the fracture length and an improved ability to transport high concentration of proppant due to its thixotropic properties (the ability of a substance to lower its viscosity as a result of a mechanical impact and grow its viscosity when still). When gel is destroyed throughout the fracture after the Frac is completed the synthetic option allows for a cleaner fracture and helps remove all residual matter from the fracture. Another important consideration is that guar shipments from India make Russian oil vulnerable to price, foreign exchange and availability fluctuations. If guar crops experience a bad year or Indian farmers determine that the market should be refocused on cotton or other areas (i.e. not guar), the guar prices in Russian would likely skyrocket. The authors worked as a team to come up with a list of clear recommendations to develop both new and existing wells for Lower Cretaceous collectors of the Vartovsk and Megion suites such as AV1 (1-2) and BV8(0) to increase production and reduce capital costs. We have determined that Frac fluids based on synthetic modified polyacrylamide start to come to the front and hold a leading position in the area of production stimulation as previously happened to other effective methods such as polymer water flooding, drilling and cementing applications.

Rheology of low viscosity, high concentration brown coal suspensions

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Leong ◽  
David V. Boger ◽  
G. B. Christie ◽  
D. E. Mainwaring
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Viscosity

Branched alkyldimethylamine oxide surfactants: An effective strategy for the design of high concentration/low viscosity surfactant formulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 552 ◽  
pp. 448-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fabozzi ◽  
Irene Russo Krauss ◽  
Rosa Vitiello ◽  
Marco Fornasier ◽  
Luca Sicignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Strategy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Alkyldimethylamine Oxide

scholarly journals Synthesis of Epoxy Methacrylate Resin and Coatings Preparation by Cationic and Radical Photocrosslinking

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7663
Author(s):  
Paulina Bednarczyk ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Konrad Gziut ◽  
Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
Keyword(s):  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Ft Ir

This work involves the synthesis of hybrid oligomers based on the epoxy methacrylate resin. The EA resin was obtained by the modification of industrial-grade bisphenol A-based epoxy resin and methacrylic acid has been synthesized in order to develop multifunctional resins comprising both epoxide group and reactive, terminal unsaturation. Owing to the presence of both epoxy and double carbon–carbon pendant groups, the reaction product exhibits photocrosslinking via two distinct mechanisms: (i) cationic ring-opening polymerization and (ii) free radical polymerization. Monitoring of EA synthesis reactions over time using PAVs, MAAC and NV parameters, and the FT-IR method reveals that esterification reactions proceed faster at the start, exhibiting over 40% of conversion within the initial 60 min, which can be associated with a relatively high concentration of reactive sites and low viscosity of the reaction mixture at the initial reaction stage. With the further increase in the reaction time, the reaction rate tends to decrease.. The control of the EA synthesis process can guide how to adjust reactions to obtain EAs with desired characteristics. Based on obtained values, one can state that the optimum synthesis time of about 4–5 h should be adopted to prepare EAs having both epoxy groups and unsaturated double bonds. The structure of the obtained EA was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR methods, as well as the determination of partial acid value and epoxy equivalent. Samples at various stages of synthesis were cured with UV radiation in order to study the kinetics of the process according to cationic and radical polymerization determined via photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) and real-time infrared spectroscopy (RT-IR) and then the properties of the cured coatings were tested. It turned out that the cationic polymerization was slower with a lower conversion of the photoreactive groups, as compared to the radical polymerization. All the obtained EA coatings were characterized by good properties of cured coatings and can be successfully used in the coating-forming sector.

Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Cellulose Solution with High Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 1095 ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Cao ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Xiao Lin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Aprotic Solvent ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Different Order

The effect of DMSO on high concentrated cellulose-AMIMCl was studied in this paper. DMSO decreases the viscosity of cellulose solution obviously, however, the viscosity do not decrease more when the concentration of DMSO increases beyond 30wt%. Cellulose coil can be swelled after adding DMSO as a result of the low viscosity and more coil becomes more apart. The different order of mixture affect the solubility of solvent and DMSO as an excellent aprotic solvent do not affect the degradation of cellulose in AMIMCl.

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