The educational gap in tar and nicotine content in purchases of cigarettes: An observational study using large-scale representative survey data from Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 105828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yao ◽  
Ryota Nakamura ◽  
Nazmi Sari
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals An analysis of predictors for heavy alcohol drinking using nationally representative survey data in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku Okui
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Predictors of heavy or moderate alcohol drinking behavior have not been investigated using recent nationally representative survey data in Japan. This study investigated the effects of the predictors of heavy and moderate alcohol drinking in Japan using nationally representative survey data. Methods Anonymous data from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan were used to compare the predictors of heavy and moderate drinkers with those who abstain. Anonymized data that are resampled from all the survey data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare were obtained. Age group, marital status, living arrangements, educational level, household income, smoking status, and employment type were used as the explanatory variables. In addition, the drinking status (i.e., heavy drinker, moderate drinker, or abstainer) was used as the outcome variable. A multinomial logistic regression model was used, and an analysis comparing heavy drinkers and abstainers, as well as moderate drinkers and abstainers, was conducted. Results Moderate drinking was positively associated with high educational level or high household income for men and women, as well as married status for men. In addition, unemployment was found to be negatively associated with heavy drinking for men and women, and an unmarried status was also found to be negatively associated with heavy drinking for men. Moreover, lower educational levels and smoking prevalence were found to be associated with heavy drinking for men and women. Furthermore, living alone for men and working in a large-scale company for women were also found to be predictors of heavy drinking. Conclusions The preventive measures for heavy drinking were suggested to be particularly needed for those with lower educational levels and smokers. A call for attention among men living alone and among female employees in large-scale workplaces is also needed.

scholarly journals Feminist Men and Sexual Behavior: Analyses of Men’s Sex with Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2098078
Author(s):  
Max Stick ◽  
Tina Fetner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
Feminist Identification ◽  
The Relationship

Men’s identification with and support for feminism has attracted the interest of masculinity scholars. This study explores an under-researched dimension of this phenomenon, investigating the relationship between feminist identification and sexual behavior. In heterosexual encounters, do feminist men report having sex more recently than those who do not call themselves feminists? During sexual encounters, do feminist men behave differently than non-feminists? In particular, do feminist men organize their sexual behavior in a way that prioritizes their partners’ sexual pleasure to a greater extent than non-feminists? Using representative survey data of Canadian adults, we examine the self-reported sexual behavior of heterosexual Canadian men. We find that self-identifying feminist men report having sex more recently and are more likely to report engaging in breast stimulation and performing oral sex on their partners than non-feminists. We discuss the implications of these findings on the sociological literature on gender and sexuality.

scholarly journals SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12: galaxy target selection and large-scale structure catalogues

2015 ◽  
Vol 455 (2) ◽  
pp. 1553-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Reid ◽  
Shirley Ho ◽  
Nikhil Padmanabhan ◽  
Will J. Percival ◽  
Jeremy Tinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Data Release

scholarly journals An observational study of the 7 September 2005 Barcelona tornado outbreak

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bech ◽  
R. Pascual ◽  
T. Rigo ◽  
N. Pineda ◽  
J. M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Convergence Line ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Llobregat Delta ◽  
Ne Spain ◽  
Extensive Damage ◽  
Tornado Outbreak

Abstract. This paper presents an observational study of the tornado outbreak that took place on the 7 September 2005 in the Llobregat delta river, affecting a densely populated and urbanised area and the Barcelona International airport (NE Spain). The site survey confirmed at least five short-lived tornadoes. Four of them were weak (F0, F1) and the other one was significant (F2 on the Fujita scale). They started mostly as waterspouts and moved later inland causing extensive damage estimated in 9 million Euros, three injured people but fortunately no fatalities. Large scale forcing was provided by upper level diffluence and low level warm air advection. Satellite and weather radar images revealed the development of the cells that spawned the waterspouts along a mesoscale convergence line in a highly sheared and relatively low buoyant environment. Further analysis indicated characteristics that could be attributed indistinctively to non-supercell or to mini-supercell thunderstorms.

The Division of Housework Among “Remarried” Couples

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORIEL SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Housework Time ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Remarried Couples

There are only a limited number of studies comparing housework among couples and individuals in different marital statuses, and the focus of attention has tended to be on married compared to cohabiting couples. This article focuses on differences between couples where one or more partner is remarried or recohabiting and those where both partners are in their first married or cohabiting relationships, using nationally representative survey data from Britain. It is shown in multivariate analysis that women in their second-plus partnerships contribute less in terms of their proportion of total housework time than women in their first partnerships. However, there is no effect for the man's number of previous partnerships or for current marital/cohabiting status. It is argued that the significant issue is interaction and negotiation with a subsequent partner in the light of experience gained from the breakdown of one or more previous married/cohabiting relationships.

scholarly journals A nomogram model for screening the risk of diabetes in a large-scale Chinese population: an observational study from 345,718 participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyue Xue ◽  
Yinxia Su ◽  
Zhiwei Feng ◽  
Shuxia Wang ◽  
Mingchen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Large Scale

Interpersonal Perceptions and Interviewer Effects in Face-to-Face Surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 004912412092621
Author(s):  
Simon Kühne
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Interpersonal Perceptions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Training

Survey interviewers can negatively affect survey data by introducing variance and bias into estimates. When investigating these interviewer effects, research typically focuses on interviewer sociodemographics with only a few studies examining the effects of characteristics that are not directly visible such as interviewer attitudes, opinions, and personality. For the study at hand, self-reports of 1,212 respondents and 116 interviewers, as well as their interpersonal perceptions of each other, were collected in a large-scale, face-to-face survey of households in Germany. Respondents and interviewers were presented with the same questions regarding their opinions and mutual perceptions toward social and political issues in Germany. Analyses show that interviewer effects can be largely explained by how an interviewer is seen by respondents. This indicates that some respondents adjust their answers toward anticipated interviewer opinions. Survey practitioners ought to acknowledge this in their survey design and training of interviewers.

Who’s Tweeting About the President? What Big Survey Data Can Tell Us About Digital Traces?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Pasek ◽  
Colleen A. McClain ◽  
Frank Newport ◽  
Stephanie Marken
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Media Data ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Media Data

Researchers hoping to make inferences about social phenomena using social media data need to answer two critical questions: What is it that a given social media metric tells us? And who does it tell us about? Drawing from prior work on these questions, we examine whether Twitter sentiment about Barack Obama tells us about Americans’ attitudes toward the president, the attitudes of particular subsets of individuals, or something else entirely. Specifically, using large-scale survey data, this study assesses how patterns of approval among population subgroups compare to tweets about the president. The findings paint a complex picture of the utility of digital traces. Although attention to subgroups improves the extent to which survey and Twitter data can yield similar conclusions, the results also indicate that sentiment surrounding tweets about the president is no proxy for presidential approval. Instead, after adjusting for demographics, these two metrics tell similar macroscale, long-term stories about presidential approval but very different stories at a more granular level and over shorter time periods.

scholarly journals Communicative characteristics of general practitioner-led and nurse-led telephone triage at two Danish out-of-hours services: an observational study of 200 recorded calls

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Vilstrup ◽  
Dennis Schou Graversen ◽  
Linda Huibers ◽  
Morten Bondo Christensen ◽  
Anette Fischer Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Telephone Triage ◽  
Out Of Hours ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesOut-of-hours (OOH) telephone triage is used to manage patient flow, but knowledge of the communicative skills of telephone triagists is limited. The aims of this study were to compare communicative parameters in general practitioner (GP)-led and nurse-led OOH telephone triage and to discuss differences in relation to patient-centred communication and safety issues.DesignObservational study.SettingTwo Danish OOH settings: a large-scale general practitioner cooperative in the Central Denmark Region (n=100 GP-led triage conversations) and Medical Helpline 1813 in the Capital Region of Denmark (n=100 nurse-led triage conversations with use of a clinical decision support system).Participants200 audio-recorded telephone triage conversations randomly selected.Primary and secondary outcome measuresConversations were compared with regard to length of call, distribution of speaking time, question types, callers’ expression of negative affect, and nurses’ and GPs’ responses to callers’ negative affectivity using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Student’s t-test.ResultsCompared with GPs, nurses had longer telephone contacts (137s vs 264 s, p=0.001) and asked significantly more questions (5 vs 9 questions, p=0.001). In 36% of nurse-led triage conversations, triage nurses either transferred the call to a physician or had to confer the call with a physician. Nurses gave the callers significantly more spontaneous talking time than GPs (23.4s vs 17.9 s, p=0.01). Compared with nurses, GPs seemed more likely to give an emphatic response when a caller spontaneously expressed concern; however, this difference was not statistically significant (36% vs 29%, p=0.6).ConclusionsWhen comparing communicative parameters in GP-led and nurse-led triage, several differences were observed. However, the impact of these differences in the perspective of patient-centred communication and safety needs further research. More knowledge is needed to determine what characterises good quality in telephone triage communication.

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