scholarly journals Implications of dose-dependent target tissue absorption for linear and non-linear/threshold approaches in development of a cancer-based oral toxicity factor for hexavalent chromium

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haney
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Linear Threshold ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Toxicity Factor ◽  
Dose Dependent

Investigation of antiulcer activity of Pergularia extensa Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively. 

scholarly journals Novel analysis of drug-drug interactions reveals the appearance of non-linear dose dependence under the single drug treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yh. Taguchi ◽  
Turki Turki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Tensor Decomposition ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTThe accurate prediction of new interactions between drugs is important for avoiding unknown (mild or severe) adverse reactions to drug combinations. The development of effective in silico methods for evaluating drug interactions based on gene expression data requires an under-standing of how various drugs alter gene expression. Current computational methods for the prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) utilize data for known DDIs to predict unknown interactions. However, these methods are limited in the absence of known predictive DDIs. To improve DDIs’ interpretation, a recent study has demonstrated strong non-linear (i.e., dose-dependent) effects of DDIs. In this study, we present a new unsupervised learning approach involving tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) in 3D. We utilize our approach to reanalyze available gene expression profiles for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that non-linearity is possible, even for single drugs. Thus, non-linear dose-dependence cannot always be attributed to DDIs. Our analysis provides a basis for the design of effective methods for evaluating DDIs.

Non-linear threshold autoregressive models for non-linear random vibrations

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Random Vibrations ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive ◽  
Threshold Autoregressive Model ◽  
Linear Threshold ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Stationarity Conditions ◽  
Structural Aspects

Time series models for non-linear random vibrations are discussed from the viewpoint of the specification of the dynamics of the damping and restoring force of vibrations, and a non-linear threshold autoregressive model is introduced. Typical non-linear phenomena of vibrations are demonstrated using the models. Stationarity conditions and some structural aspects of the model are briefly discussed. Applications of the model in the statistical analysis of real data are also shown with numerical results.

Safety assessment of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Nymphaea lotus Linn (Nymphaeaceae): Acute, neuro- and subchronic oral toxicity studies in albinos Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Kameni Poumeni ◽  
Danielle Claude Bilanda ◽  
Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni ◽  
Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena ◽  
Marguerite Francine Mballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractBackgroundLinn (MethodsAqueous extract ofResultsOur findings indicate dose-dependent elevation of nitrites contents in the flowers aqueous extract ofConclusionsdo not possesses neurotoxicity but is able to induce behavioral changes in rats. Therefore, the application of this plant as either drug or supplementary food should be carefully considered.

Reserpine-induced central effects: pharmacological evidence for the lack of central effects of reserpine methiodide

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Nammi ◽  
Krishna Murthy Boini ◽  
Sushruta Koppula ◽  
Satyanarayana Sreemantula
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Central Effects ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Higher Doses

Reserpine, an alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina, was widely used for its antihypertensive action. However, its use has been reduced because of its sedative and extra pyramidal symptoms. In the present investigation, reserpine methiodide (RMI), a quaternary analogue of reserpine, was synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated in rats and mice for its central (barbiturate hypnosis, spontaneous motor activity, body temperature, and avoidance of conditioned response) and peripheral actions (blood pressure) in comparison with reserpine. The results indicate that reserpine produced a dose-dependent depression of the central nervous system. RMI at doses equal to and double the equimolar doses of reserpine did not produce any behavioural changes compared with control animals. Nevertheless, both reserpine and RMI were found to produce dose-dependent reduction in the blood pressure of anaesthetized rats, although only at higher doses of RMI, indicating that quaternization of reserpine not only attenuated the entry of RMI into the central nervous system, but also reduced its access to the target tissue in the periphery. It is speculated that the hypotensive actions of RMI may also be due to peripheral depletion of catecholamines. Key words: resperine methiodide (RMI), reserpine, behaviour, blood pressure, mice, rats.

Dose-Dependent Bioavailability and CYP3A Inhibition Contribute to Non-Linear Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hohmann ◽  
Franziska Kocheise ◽  
Alexandra Carls ◽  
Jürgen Burhenne ◽  
Johanna Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Dose Dependent
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