ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RAPID GROWTH AND ELEVATED CELL CONCENTRATIONS OF AMINO ACIDS

SUMMARYUropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strains cause a majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Since UPEC strains can become antibiotic resistant, adjunct or alternate therapies are urgently needed. UPEC strains grow extremely rapidly in patients with UTIs. Thus, this review focuses on the relation between urine composition and UPEC growth and metabolism. Compilation of urinary components from two major data sources suggests the presence of sufficient amino acids and carbohydrates as energy sources and abundant phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen sources. In a mouse UTI model, mutants lacking enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, and the nonoxidative branch of the pentose cycle are less competitive than the corresponding parental strains, which is consistent with amino acids as major energy sources. Other evidence suggests that carbohydrates are required energy sources. UPEC strains in urineex vivoandin vivoexpress transporters for peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, and iron and genes associated with nitrogen limitation, amino acid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, and nucleotide salvage. Mouse models confirm the requirement for many, but not all, of these genes. Laboratory evolution studies suggest that rapid nutrient uptake without metabolic rewiring is sufficient to account for rapid growth. Proteins and pathways required for rapid growth should be considered potential targets for alternate or adjunct therapies.

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REGULATION OF INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.47.2.453 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 453-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 192

Author(s):

K. D. Ley ◽

R. A. Tobey

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

High Cell ◽

Chinese Hamster Cells ◽

Rapid Production ◽

Cell Concentrations ◽

G1 Cells ◽

Growing Population

Suspension cultures of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO), which had stopped dividing and were arrested in G1 following growth to high cell concentrations in F-10 medium, could be induced to reinitiate DNA synthesis and to divide in synchrony upon addition of the appropriate amounts of isoleucine and glutamine. Both amino acids were required to initiate resumption of cell-cycle traverse. Deficiencies in other amino acids contained in F-10 medium did not result in accumulation of cells in G1, indicating a specific action produced by limiting quantities of isoleucine and glutamine. In the presence of sufficient glutamine, approximately 2 x 10-6 M isoleucine was required for all cells to initiate DNA synthesis in a population initially containing 1.5 x 105 cells/ml. Under similar conditions, about 4 x 10-6 M isoleucine was required for all G1-arrested cells to progress through cell division. In contrast, 1 x 10-4 M glutamine was necessary for maximum initiation of DNA synthesis in G1 cells, along with sufficient isoleucine. A technique for rapid production of G1-arrested cells is described in which cells from an exponentially growing population placed in F-10 medium deficient in both isoleucine and glutamine or isoleucine alone accumulated in G1 after 30 hr.

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Glucose, alpha-amino nitrogen, and amino acid exchange across the hindlimb in young double-muscled type bulls maintained at two growth rates

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas96-030 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. L. Hornick ◽

C. Van Eenaeme ◽

S. Gauthier ◽

P. Baldwin ◽

L. Istasse

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Amino Nitrogen ◽

Vena Cava ◽

High Growth ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Protein Supplementation

The effect of growth rate and protein supplementation on muscle metabolism of eight bulls from the Belgian Blue breed, double-muscled type, was investigated by the arterio-venous difference technique. A low growth (LG) group was maintained at a low growth rate over 36 d, and a rapid growth (RG) group for 28 d before receiving a fattening diet allowing for a rapid growth. At the end of the RG period the RG bulls received a supplement of protected soybean meal. Animals were fitted with an aortic ultrasonic blood flow probe and with catheters in the aorta and the vena cava. The blood flow in the hindlimbs of bulls varied greatly by time of the day but was higher in the RG group. The RG group had a higher arterio-venous difference (AVD) and uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen while AVD in essential amino acids was four times higher and uptake eight times higher. Significant higher AVD or uptake was observed in individual amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine and lysine. The supplementation with protected soybean meal had significant negative effect on the uptake of several amino acids. It was concluded that caution should be exercised when measuring punctually blood flow in muscle tissue, for example by dilution techniques. At high growth rate, the requirements for amino acids are larger than for glucose. Excess protein provides no additional benefit. Key words: Bull, hindlimb catheterism, growth rate, protected soy bean, metabolite

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Diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of basic and neutral amino acids and in red cell concentrations of aspartate and glutamate: effects of dietary protein intake

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/39.5.722 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 722-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

T J Maher ◽

B S Glaeser ◽

R J Wurtman

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Diurnal Variations ◽

Red Cell ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Neutral Amino Acids ◽

Cell Concentrations

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Importance of pfkA for Rapid Growth ofEnterobacter cloacae during Colonization of Crop Seeds

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.1.87-91.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 87-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

D. P. Roberts ◽

P. D. Dery ◽

I. Yucel ◽

J. S. Buyer

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Transposon Insertion ◽

Carbon Compounds ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae A-11 is a prototrophic, glycolytic mutant of strain 501R3 with a single transposon insertion inpfkA. The populations of strain A-11 on cucumber and radish seeds were smaller than the populations of strain 501R3 in natural soil, but the populations of these two strains on pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds were similar (D. P. Roberts, P. D. Dery, I. Yucel, J. Buyer, M. A. Holtman, and D. Y. Kobayashi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2513–2519, 1999). The net effect of the mutation in pfkA in vitro was a shift from rapid growth on certain carbohydrates detected in seed exudates to much slower growth on other carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. The impact of the mutation in pfkA was greatest on the growth rate of E. cloacae on the seeds that released the smallest quantities of fructose, other carbohydrates, and amino acids. Corn, pea, soybean, and sunflower seeds released total amounts of carbohydrates and amino acids at rates that were approximately 10- to 100-fold greater than the rates observed with cucumber and radish seeds for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was significantly less (50% less) than the growth rate of strain 501R3 on radish seeds, and the growth rate of strain A-11 was too low to estimate on cucumber seeds in sterile sand for the first 24 h after inhibition began. The growth rate of strain A-11 was also significantly lower on soybean seeds, but it was only 17% lower than the growth rate of strain 501R3. The growth rates of strains 501R3 and A-11 were similar on pea, sunflower, and corn seeds in sterile sand for the first 30 h after imbibition began. Large reductions in the growth rates of strain A-11 on seeds were correlated with subsequent decreased levels of colonization of seeds compared to the levels of colonization of strain 501R3. The strain A-11 populations were significantly smaller than the strain 501R3 populations only on radish and cucumber seeds. The mutation in pfkA appears to decrease the level of colonization by E. cloacae for seeds that release small quantities of reduced carbon compounds by decreasing the size of the pool of compounds that support rapid growth by this bacterium.

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Detrital Nonprotein Amino Acids Are the Key to Rapid Growth of Tilapia in Lake Valencia, Venezuela

Science ◽

10.1126/science.207.4436.1216 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 207 (4436) ◽

pp. 1216-1218 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

S. H. BOWEN

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Nonprotein Amino Acids

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ATB0,+ transporter-mediated targeting delivery to human lung cancer cells via aspartate-modified docetaxel-loading stealth liposomes

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c6bm00788k ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 295-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Qiuhua Luo ◽

Bin Yang ◽

Wenhui Tao ◽

Jia Li ◽

Longfa Kou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Human Lung ◽

Human Lung Cancer ◽

Stealth Liposomes ◽

Human Lung Cancer Cells ◽

Targeting Delivery

Tumor cells have an increased demand for amino acids to support their rapid growth and malignant metastasis.

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Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mohammad Kazem Souri

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Production Systems ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Plant Performance ◽

The Novel ◽

New Approach ◽

Scientific Experiments ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

AbstractAminochelate fertilizers are the latest novel- ties regarding plant nutrition in agricultural production systems. They are part of the modern formulae of fertiliz- ers which are synthesized based on various amino acids, mainly glycine. In recent years, they have had a rapid growth in the marketplace. Their rapid growth in formula- tions, manufacturing, diversity and application is mainly due to the novel understandings regarding diverse roles of amino acids in plant metabolism. Compared to routine fertilizers or other commercially synthetic chelators such as EDTA; however, aminochelates represent a safer and more efficient form of fertilizer, resulting in better plant performance and less environmental risks. Aminochelates represent effective fertilizers for both soil and particularly for foliar applications. Despite, aminochelates having quickly dominated the fertilizer markets in many coun- tries, there is not enough scientific data and information regarding detailed responses of crops to these types of fer- tilizers. This in part, may be due to their mixed composi- tion of several nutrient elements, giving various nutrients effects, meaning that conducting scientific experiments and concluding remarks, , would be very difficult. This review provides information concerning different aspect of aminochelate fertilizers including their history, struc- ture, types, value and effects on agricultural crops.

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