Experimental data and kinetic modeling of primary reference fuel mixtures

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Callahan ◽  
T.J. Held ◽  
F.L. Dryer ◽  
R. Minetti ◽  
M. Ribaucour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

scholarly journals Kinetic Modeling and Degradation Study of Liquid Polysulfide Resin-Clay Nanocomposite

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 635
Author(s):  
Mohamadreza Shakiba ◽  
Arash Kakoei ◽  
Iman Jafari ◽  
Erfan Rezvani Ghomi ◽  
Mohammadreza Kalaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Degradation Study ◽  
Clay Nanoparticles ◽  
Conversion Rates

Kinetic modeling and degradation study of liquid polysulfide (LPS)/clay nanocomposite is possible through Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) and Kissinger methods. Comparing the results of these models with experimental data leads to provide an accurate degradation kinetic evaluation of these materials. To this aim, the morphology and distribution of clay nanoparticles (CNPs) within the LPS matrix were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To evaluate the interaction between the LPS and the CNPs, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) identification was utilized. Furthermore, to investigate the kinetics of degradation, the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) of the samples were used in the nitrogen atmosphere with the help of Kissinger and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) models. The characterization results confirmed the homogenous dispersion of the CNPs into the LPS matrix. In addition, the presence of CNPs increased the thermal stability and activation energy (Ea) of the samples at different conversion rates. Moreover, the OFW method was highly consistent with the experimental data and provided an appropriate fit for the degradation kinetics.

scholarly journals Using Kinetic Modeling and Experimental Data to Evaluate Mechanisms in PET‐RAFT

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah R. Kuhn ◽  
Michael L. Allegrezza ◽  
Nicholas J. Dougher ◽  
Dominik Konkolewicz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Modeling

Kinetic modeling and mechanistic investigations of transesterification of propylene carbonate with methanol over an Fe–Mn double metal cyanide catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Ziwei Song ◽  
Bala Subramaniam ◽  
Raghunath V. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Metal Cyanide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations ◽  
Activation Sequence

A kinetic model involving the activation sequence of reactants PC, methanol and an intermediate provides the best description of the experimental data with respect to reaction parameters over a wide range of conditions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Low-Temperature Combustion of Light Hydrocarbons and Alcohols

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3808
Author(s):  
Fekadu Mosisa Wako ◽  
Gianmaria Pio ◽  
Ernesto Salzano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Laminar Burning Velocity ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Hydrogen Addition ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Hydrogen is largely considered as an attractive additive fuel for hydrocarbons and alcohol-fueled engines. Nevertheless, a complete understanding of the interactions between blended fuel mechanisms under oxidative conditions at low initial temperature is still lacking. This study is devoted to the numerical investigation of the laminar burning velocity of hydrogen–hydrocarbon and hydrogen–alcohol fuels under several compositions. Estimations were compared with experimental data reported in the current literature. Additionally, the effects of hydrogen addition on engine performance, NOX, and other pollutant emissions of the mentioned fuels have been thermodynamically analyzed. From the study, it has been observed that the laminar burning velocity of the fuel mixtures increased with increasing hydrogen fractions and the peak value shifted to richer conditions. Besides, hydrogen fraction was found to increase the adiabatic flame temperatures eventually favoring the NOX formation for all fuel blends except the acetylene–hydrogen–air mixture where hydrogen showed a reverse effect. Besides, hydrogen is also found to improve the engine performances and helps to surge thermal efficiency, improve the combustion rate, and lessen other pollutant emissions such as CO, CO2, and unburned hydrocarbons. The model predicted well and in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the recent literature.

Numerical Simulations of Hollow Cone Injection and Gasoline Compression Ignition Combustion With Naphtha Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihad A. Badra ◽  
Jaeheon Sim ◽  
Ahmed Elwardany ◽  
Mohammed Jaasim ◽  
Yoann Viollet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Primary Reference

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI), also known as partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) and gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDICI), engines have been considered an attractive alternative to traditional spark ignition engines. Lean burn combustion with the direct injection of fuel eliminates throttle losses for higher thermodynamic efficiencies, and the precise control of the mixture compositions allows better emission performance such as NOx and particulate matter (PM). Recently, low octane gasoline fuel has been identified as a viable option for the GCI engine applications due to its longer ignition delay characteristics compared to diesel and lighter evaporation compared to gasoline fuel [1]. The feasibility of such a concept has been demonstrated by experimental investigations at Saudi Aramco [1, 2]. The present study aims to develop predictive capabilities for low octane gasoline fuel compression ignition engines with accurate characterization of the spray dynamics and combustion processes. Full three-dimensional simulations were conducted using CONVERGE as a basic modeling framework, using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulent mixing models. An outwardly opening hollow-cone spray injector was characterized and validated against existing and new experimental data. An emphasis was made on the spray penetration characteristics. Various spray breakup and collision models have been tested and compared with the experimental data. An optimum combination has been identified and applied in the combusting GCI simulations. Linear instability sheet atomization (LISA) breakup model and modified Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) break models proved to work the best for the investigated injector. Comparisons between various existing spray models and a parametric study have been carried out to study the effects of various spray parameters. The fuel effects have been tested by using three different primary reference fuel (PRF) and toluene primary reference fuel (TPRF) surrogates. The effects of fuel temperature and chemical kinetic mechanisms have also been studied. The heating and evaporative characteristics of the low octane gasoline fuel and its PRF and TPRF surrogates were examined.

Kinetic Modeling of 2-Keto-Gluconic Acid (2KGA) Production from Rice Starch Hydrolysate Using Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1144-1150
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Sun ◽  
Lin Yu ◽  
Si Lian Yu ◽  
Feng Jie Cui ◽  
Yan Zheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Starch Hydrolysate

Kinetic models are proposed for the 2KGA batch production from rice starch hydrolysate containing 162 g/L of glucose by Pseudomonas fluorescens AR4. The models include terms accounting for both substrate and product inhibitions. Experimental data collected from the batch fermentations were used to estimate parameters and also to validate the models proposed. The growth of Ps. fluorescens could be expressed by a Logistic model wihout incorporating inhibitions of glucose and organic acids accumulated in the culture broth. The Luedeking–Piret model was able to describe the 2KGA formation as the fermentation proceeded with a mixed-growth-associated pattern. In all cases, the model simulation matched well with the experimental observations, which made it possible to elucidate the fermentation characteristics of Ps. fluorescens AR4 during efficient 2KGA production from glucose.

The Lean Mixture Operational Limits of a S.I. Engine When Operated on Fuel Mixtures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Unstable Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Combustion Processes

The operation of S.I. engines on lean mixtures is attractive in principle since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock and extremely low NOx emissions. However, the associated flame propagation rates become degraded significantly and drop sharply as the operating mixture is made increasingly lean. Consequently, there exist distinct operational lean mixture limits beyond which satisfactory engine performance cannot be maintained due to the resulting prolonged and unstable combustion processes. The paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, S.I., CFR engine when operated in turn on CH4, H2, CO, gasoline, iso-octane and some of their binary mixtures. A quantitative approach for determining the operational limits of S.I. engines is suggested, compared and validated against corresponding experimental results of other traditional approaches. On this basis, the dependence of the values of the lean mixture operational limits on the composition of the fuel mixtures is investigated and discussed. The operational limit for throttled operation with methane as the fuel is also established.

Inert Gas Influence on Propagation Velocity of Methane-air Laminar Flames

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mitu ◽  
Venera Giurcan ◽  
Domnina Razus ◽  
Dumitru Oancea
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Laminar Flames ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Spherical Vessel ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The flame propagation in methane-air mixtures diluted by inert additives (He, Ar, N2, CO2) was studied by means of pressure-time records of laminar deflagrations occurring in a spherical vessel with central ignition. Experiments were made using mixtures with various equivalence ratios between 0.610 and 1.310 and various inert concentrations between 5 and 25 vol%, at various initial pressures between 50 and 200 kPa. Examination of pressure-time records in the early stage of explosions delivered the normal burning velocities Su via the coefficients of the cubic law of pressure rise, using a previously described procedure. The propagation velocities (or the flame speed) were calculated from the normal burning velocities using the expansion coefficients of the unburnt gas during the isobaric combustion. The propagation velocities of examined systems obtained from experimental data were examined against the propagation velocities obtained from kinetic modeling of methane-air-inert combustion by means of 1D COSILAB package using the GRI 3.0 mechanism.

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